Evidence of Nuclear DNA Fragmentation Following Hypoxia-Ischemia in the Infant Rat Brain, and Transient Forebrain Ischemia in the Adult Gerbil

Wistar rats, eight days old, were subjected to permanent bilateral forebrain ischemia, followed by hypoxia for 15 minutes. A cerebral infarct, mainly involving the cerebral neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, striatum and subcortical white matter was produced. Neurons and glia showing punctate chromatin condensation and karyorrhectic cells were observed 12 hours after hypoxia-ischemia. Their number increased during the first two days and recruitment of cells with degenerating nuclei occurred until day five. In situ labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation stained many normal-appearing nuclei, as well as punctate chromatin condensations and nuclear fragments in karyorrhectic cells. Delayed neuronal death in the CA1 area of the hippocampus was observed after 20 minutes of transient forebrain ischemia in the adult gerbil. In situ labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation demonstrated stained punctate chromatin condensation in a few degenerating cells at 48 hours post-ischemia. Substantial labeling of CA1 neurons occurred in the fourth day.
Agarose gel electrophoresis of extracted brain DNA from ischemic infant rats and adult gerbils showed a ladder-type pattern which is typical of nuclear DNA fragmentation into oligonucleosomal fragments (internucleosomal cleavage). These findings suggest that endonuclease(s) activation may play a role in cell death induced by different forms of hypoxia-ischemia.     

Necrosis versus apoptosis as the mechanism of target cell death induced by Entamoeba histolytica.

The human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica is known to kill a variety of host cells, including leukocytes. Using human myeloid cells as targets, we studied whether cytotoxicity of amoebic trophozoites in vitro is equivalent to the induction of apoptosis or whether these target cells die via necrosis. Based upon morphological criteria, incubation of target cells with amoebae resulted in necrosis, with cell swelling, rupture of plasma membrane, and release of cell contents including nucleic acids being detected by light and transmission electron microscopy. On the other hand, the characteristic features of apoptosis such as cell shrinking, surface blebbing, and chromatin condensation were not observed. Moreover, internucleosomal fragmentation of genomic DNA within target cells as a characteristic feature of apoptotic cell death did not occur as judged by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling technique in combination with flow cytometry. Consistently, cleavage of DNA was detectable upon agarose gel electrophoresis only after a substantial part of the target cell population had already been lysed. We also analyzed the mechanism of cell death induced by amoebapores, pore-forming peptides and primary candidate molecules for mediating the cytolytic activity of E. histolytica. At a time point at which the majority of target cells showed membrane injury upon incubation with purified amoebapores, no DNA degradation was detectable in the victim cells. The data suggest that the target cells used in our study undergo necrosis rather than apoptosis when they are killed by viable trophozoites as well as by isolated amoebapores.     

Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes human alveolar macrophage apoptosis.

The effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on the viability of healthy (control) human alveolar macrophages was evaluated by staining with ethidium homodimer and calcein to discriminate live from dead cells. Infection with M. tuberculosis H37Ra or H37Rv increased macrophage mortality at 6 days from the control level of 3.8% +/- 0.7% to 28.7% +/- 6.9% or 12.6% +/- 3.1%, respectively (P < 0.001 for comparisons of all conditions). A role for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the M. tuberculosis-induced cytolysis of alveolar macrophages was demonstrated by increased cytotoxicity following the addition of exogenous TNF-alpha to the cultures and by enhancement of macrophage survival when M. tuberculosis-infected alveolar macrophages were treated with pentoxifylline or anti-TNF-alpha antibody. The cytolytic mechanism was determined to be apoptosis by the demonstration of a characteristic internucleosomal ladder of genomic DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis, by finding nuclear fragmentation and condensation by electron microscopy, and by in situ terminal transferase-mediated nick end labeling of fragmented DNA in alveolar macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis in vitro. The latter technique was employed to reveal extensive apoptosis within caseating granulomas from lung tissue samples from clinical tuberculosis cases. The induction of apoptosis in alveolar macrophages by M. tuberculosis may play a role in the macrophage-pathogen interaction of tuberculosis in vivo.     

已烯雌酚诱导T细胞肿瘤Jurkat细胞系凋亡中转录因子Oct-1的表达

研究己烯雌酚对Ｔ细胞肿瘤的细胞凋亡诱导作用,以及凋亡过程中转录因子Ｏｃｔ－１的表达,方法采用ＤＮＡ梯形片段化,荧光染色流式细胞技术分析细胞凋亡,以电泳泳 动度迁移率法检测Ｏｃｔ－１的表达。结果己烯雌酚可诱导Ｔ细胞出现细菌凋亡,并有典型的ＤＮＡ梯形片段化,１０μｇ己烯雌酚诱导１２ｈ后,凋亡过程中细胞数达３０％以上。己烯雌酚诱导Ｔ细胞凋亡过程与Ｏｃｔ－１转录因子的表达有关。结论己烯雌酚可诱导Ｔ细胞肿瘤     

己烯雌酚诱导T细胞肿瘤Jurkat细胞系凋亡中转录因子Oct-1的表达(英文)

目的研究己烯雌酚对 T细胞肿瘤的细胞凋亡诱导作用 ,以及调亡过程中转录因子 Oct- 1的表达。方法采用DNA梯形片段化 ,荧光染色流式细胞技术分析细胞凋亡 ,以电泳泳动度迁移率法 (EMSA)检测 Oct- 1的表达。结果己烯雌酚 (5 .0 mg/L )可诱导 T细胞出现细胞凋亡 ,并有典型的 DNA梯形片段化 ,10μg己烯雌酚诱导 12 h后 ,凋亡过程中细胞数达 30 %以上。己烯雌酚诱导 T细胞凋亡过程与 Oct- 1转录因子的表达有关。结论己烯雌酚可诱导 T细胞肿瘤凋亡 ,并与转录因子 Oct- 1的表达有关。     

Immunohistochemical study on tissue transglutaminase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in human myocardium: Its relevance to apoptosis detected by the nick end labelling method

The influence of free radicals on apoptosis was studied in the human heart; 45 autopsy cases were examined by the nick end labelling method (NELM) that detects DNA fragmentation. Immunostaining for copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and tissue transglutaminase (tTG) induced frequently during apoptosis were also studied. Positive immunoreaction for tTG was detected in mucinous degeneration of myocardial cells; these same cells were also positive for CuZn-SOD but negative for NELM. Myocardial cells showing basophilic alterations after haematoxylin and eosin staining were also positive for CuZn-SOD but negative for the other markers examined. Positive nuclear reaction by NELM was only observed in myocardial cells showing contraction band necrosis or irregularly shaped nuclei surrounding recent or long-standing infarcted foci. In these the other two markers were negative. Since mucinous degeneration lacks the distinguishing morphological features of apoptosis, immunoreactive tTG in this lesion may not imply that the cells are undergoing apoptosis. tTG can be induced in non-apoptotic conditions and may not be involved in apoptosis induced by infarction. Histological disassociation between CuZn-SOD expression and apoptosis suggests the possibility of a cytoprotective role played by endogenous CuZn-SOD against free radical generation in the human heart.     

人endostatin体外诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 探讨人endostatin抑制血管内皮细胞增殖的作用机制。方法 在含重组人endostatin蛋白和10%小牛血清的DMEM培养基中，培养人脐静脉内皮细胞ECV304。72h后，采用透射电镜，流式细胞术细胞周期分析和细胞核DNA的1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳，检测重组人endostatin蛋白作用后，血管内皮细胞的凋亡。结果 透射电镜下可见实验组ECV304细胞核染色质浓缩，边集，核碎裂及胞浆浓缩等，呈典型的凋亡细胞的形态学表现，流式细胞术细胞周期分析显示，在G1期峰前存在1个凋亡峰（20.6%)，1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示，细胞核DNA呈梯状，对照组ECV304细胞表达正常。结论 重组人endostatin蛋白可诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡，是其抑制血管内皮细胞增殖的原因之一。     

干扰素-γ、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-1β在体外对人气管平滑肌细胞凋亡的作用

目的:研究是否干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)在体外能够诱导人气管平滑肌细胞(ASMCs)凋亡。方法:分离人ASMCs并在含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中培养。用4-6代的细胞作实验。IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-1β,每种细胞因子单独或一起用于处理人ASMCs。用MTT法在0、24、48、72h检测IFN-γ、TNFα和IL-1β对细胞生长的作用。用光镜和电镜观察形态学的改变。用琼脂糖电泳分析DNA片断。用SP-免疫组化染色方法检测p53、bcl-2、bax基因表达的改变。通过碎片DNA原位末端标记技术(TUNEL)检测凋亡细胞的百分率。结果①IFN-γ以时间依赖的方式单独或/和TNF-α和IL-1β一起减低存活的细胞数;②光镜和电镜检查显示人ASMCs细胞皱缩、膜出泡,核缩小,染色质浓聚和核破碎;③琼脂糖电泳显示在用上述细胞因子联合处理的人ASMCs,有代表寡核苷酸片断整倍数的特征性的DNA梯状条带(大约180-200bp);④在细胞因子联合处理组p53和bax基因表达显著高于对照组,但bcl-2基因表达低于对照组(P＜0.01);⑤用IFN-γ(4×10⁵U/L)、TNF-α(4×10⁵U/L)和/或IL-1β(10×10⁴U/L)同时刺激诱导人ASMCs凋亡。在用细胞因子联合处理组的人ASMCs的凋亡指数显著高于对照组(P＜0.01)。结论:用IFN-γ、TNF-α和/或IL-1β联合处理诱导人ASMCs凋亡。这些免疫性细胞因子在哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的气道重建中也许起了重要的作用。     

Kainic acid-induced seizures produce necrotic, not apoptotic, neurons with internucleosomal DNA cleavage: implications for programmed cell death mechanisms

Prolonged seizures (status epilepticus) induced by kainic acid activate programmed cell death mechanisms, and it is believed that kainic acid-induced status epilepticus induces neuronal apoptosis. In order to test this hypothesis, adult rats were subjected to 3-h kainic acid-induced seizures, with 24- or 72-h recovery periods. Neuronal death was assessed by light microscopy with the Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and with in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL stain), by electron microscopy, and by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA extracted from five vulnerable brain regions. Spontaneous and MK-801-induced apoptotic neurons from retrosplenial cortex of neonatal rats, evaluated by light and electron microscopy, were used as positive controls for apoptosis. Surprisingly, the large chromatin clumps of apoptotic neurons were TUNEL negative, whereas the cytoplasm showed light-to-moderate TUNEL staining, consistent with a lack of identifiable nuclear membranes ultrastructurally, and with intermingling of nuclear and cytoplasmic contents. Ultrastructurally, the acidophilic neurons produced by kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, identified with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, were dark, shrunken and necrotic, with pyknotic nuclei containing small, dispersed chromatin clumps, and with cytoplasmic vacuoles, some of which were swollen, disrupted mitochondria. No apoptotic cells were seen. Acidophilic neurons were found in up to 20 of 23 brain regions examined and comprised 10-25% of the total number of neurons examined. A subset of these neurons (<10% of the total number of neurons in five of 23 regions) had TUNEL-positive nuclei 72h but not 24h after status epilepticus. Internucleosomal DNA cleavage (DNA "laddering") occurred in the four most damaged brain regions examined by electron microscopy 24h after SE and the three most damaged regions 72h after status epilepticus.Our results demonstrate that kainic acid-induced status epilepticus produces neuronal necrosis and not apoptosis in adult rats. The necrotic neurons show nuclear pyknosis, chromatin condensation and DNA laddering. Programmed cell death mechanisms activated by kainic acid-induced status epilepticus occur in neurons which become necrotic and could contribute to necrotic, as well as apoptotic, neuronal death.     

同型半胱氨酸对培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)对培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(hUVEC)凋亡的影响。方法:原代培养hUVEC,通过Hoechst 33258荧光染色观察细胞核形态改变,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测 DNA片段,流式细胞术检测Annexin V/PI联合标记的细胞凋亡率, Western blot检测P53、Bax的表达及比色法测定caspase 3活性。 结果: 同型半胱氨酸诱导培养的hUVEC出现明显的凋亡形态学改变。琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测可见明显的"DNA ladder"图谱。Hcy诱导凋亡细胞数明显增加。同时促进Bax、P53的表达,使caspase 3活性显著增强。结论: 同型半胱氨酸诱导培养的hUVEC凋亡。     

Internucleosomal DNA cleavage triggered by plasma membrane damage during necrotic cell death. Involvement of serine but not cysteine proteases.

Autolytic DNA breakdown, detected as smears in electrophoretic gels, is a late event in necrosis. On the other hand, internucleosomal DNA cleavage, visualized as ladders, is thought to be a hallmark of apoptosis. We now report that this specific form of DNA fragmentation also occurs during necrosis and is an early event but appears to be triggered by proteolytic mechanisms significantly different from those documented in apoptosis. Treatment of MDCK cells with a mitochondrial uncoupler and a Ca2+ ionophore led to ATP depletion, necrotic morphology, and progressive fragmentation of DNA in an internucleosomal or ladder pattern. DNA breakdown was immediately preceded by increased permeability of the plasma membrane to macromolecules. Provision of glycine along with the noxious agents did not modify the extent of ATP depletion, but prevented plasma membrane damage. This was accompanied by complete inhibition of DNA fragmentation. Internucleosomal DNA cleavage was observed also during necrosis after rapid permeabilization of plasma membranes by detergents or streptolysin-O in hepatocytes, thymocytes, and P19, Jurkat, and MDCK cells. DNA fragmentation associated with necrosis was Ca2+/Mg2+ dependent, was suppressed by endonuclease inhibitors, and was abolished by serine protease inhibitors but not by inhibitors of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE)-related proteases or caspases. Moreover, unlike apoptosis, it was not accompanied by caspase-mediated proteolysis. On the other hand, the cleavage-site-directed chymotryptic inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) suppressed DNA fragmentation not only in necrotic cells but also during Fas-mediated apoptosis, without inhibiting caspase-related proteolysis. The results suggest a novel pathway of endonuclease activation during necrosis not involving the participation of caspases. In addition, they indicate that techniques based on double-strand DNA breaks may not reliably differentiate between apoptosis and necrosis.     

Molecular evidence for apoptosis in microfilariae of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Wuchereria bancrofti</Emphasis> induced by diethylcarbamazine

Apoptosis, a programmed cell death, is characterized by chromatin condensation, numerous vacuoles, reduction in cell volume, and endonuclease cleavage DNA degradation detected in gel electrophoresis as nucleosomal ladder. Here we report that diethylcarbamazine induces DNA fragmentation in microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti revealed by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction and by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling at the light and electron transmission level.     

Programmed cell death in the interdigital tissue of the fetal mouse limb is apoptosis with DNA fragmentation

Background: Programmed cell death is an essential event during mammalian morphogenesis which eliminates unnecessary cells to accomplish histogenesis and organogenesis. Cell death in interdigital spaces of the developing limb is a classical example of morphogenetic cell death. We investigated whether classical programmed cell death in the interdigital tissue of the developing limb in mice is apoptosis with fragmentation of nuclear DNA and also examined sequentially the occurrence of programmed cell death and cell proliferation in the developing limb of mouse fetuses to analyze their interrelation. Methods: We examined the occurrence of apoptotic cell death in the developing limbs of mouse fetuses by using Nile blue sulphate staining, agarose gel electrophoresis for detecting DNA laddering, and a cytochemical labeling of DNA fragmentation. We also labeled proliferating cells using BrdU/anti-BrdU immunohistochemistry and examined the interrelation between apoptotic programmed cell death and cell proliferation. Results: DNA ladders, a biochemical evidence of apoptosis, were detected in DNA extracts from the interdigital tissue of day 13 mouse fetuses by agarose gel electrophoresis. Programmed cell death and DNA fragmentation were detected by Nile blue staining and cytochemical labeling of DNA fragmentation, respectively, in the interdigital mesoderm and in the regions of presumptive joints of the digit. BrdU/anti-BrdU immunohistochemistry for identifying proliferating S-phase cells revealed that interdigital mesenchymal cells cease DNA synthesis before programmed cell death and DNA fragmentation begin. Conclusions: We confirmed that both cytological apoptotic alterations and fragmentation of nuclear DNA occur in the interdigital tissue and presumptive joint areas of fetal mouse limbs, and they appear to play a significant role in the separation of digits as well as the formation of joint cavities. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

DMSO诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡的研究

目的研究二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对MCF-7细胞凋亡的诱导作用。方法用不同浓度DMSO处理体外培养的MCF-7细胞,应用倒置光显微镜观察细胞形态学变化,用MTT比色法检测细胞存活率;Hoechst33258/PI荧光染色,用荧光显微镜分析凋亡细胞比率;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA梯状条带。结果在倒置光学显微镜下观察1%DMSO处理细胞12h后细胞形态发生变化。约有50%以上的细胞变圆,细胞内有多泡小体形成。随DMSO浓度增加和作用时间的延长,细胞存活率明显下降,经MTT检测其IC_(50)值为1%;荧光显微镜下可见60%以上细胞核染色质凝集,核碎裂等凋亡细胞的形态学变化;琼脂糖凝胶电泳呈现梯状条带(DNA ladder)。结论适当浓度的DMSO能够抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡。     

Apoptosis of primary-culture rat microglial cells induced by pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp

To determine whether trophozoites and lysates of pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. induce apoptosis in primary-culture microglial cells, transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examinations, assessment of DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay were performed. When a trophozoite of pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni came in contact with a microglial cell, the digipodium was observed by TEM. Nuclear chromatin condensation was observed in 10% of microglial cells, while it was not revealed when they were cocultured with weakly pathogenic Acanthamoeba royreba trophozoites. DNA fragmentation in microglial cells cocultured with the A. culbertsoni lysate was detected by electrophoresis, showing DNA ladder formation, whereas it was hardly observed in microglial cells cocultured with A. royreba. DNA fragmentation of microglial cells was also confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. The fluorescence of TdT-stained apoptotic bodies became intensely visible with microglial cells cocultured with the A. culbertsoni lysate. In contrast, with microglial cells cocultured with the A. royreba lysate, only a background level of fluorescence of TdT-stained apoptotic bodies was detected. These results suggest that some rat microglial cells cocultured with pathogenic A. culbertsoni undergo cytopathic changes which show the characteristics of the apoptotic process, such as nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation.     

Biochemical properties of a persistent nonoccluded baculovirus isolated from Heliothis zea cells

A persistent nonoccluded rod-shaped nuclear virus of Heliothis zea (IMC-Hz-1-NOV) was isolated from Trichoplusia ni cells (Tn-368) by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The molecular weights of IMC-Hz-1-NOV structural proteins were determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Separation of IMC-Hz-1-NOV DNA restriction fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis gave an approximate DNA molecular weight of 132 x 10(6). Digestion of double-stranded IMC-Hz-1-NOV DNA with HindIII and BamHI revealed a cleavage pattern different from the patterns of H. zea NPV and H. armigera NPV.     

Zinc-induced cortical neuronal death with features of apoptosis and necrosis: mediation by free radicals

Some studies have provided evidence that delayed death of hippocampal CA1 neurons in transient global ischemia occurs by classical apoptosis. Recently, translocation of synaptic zinc has been shown to play a key role in ischemic CA1 neuronal death. With these two lines of evidence, we examined in mouse cortical cultures the possibility that zinc neurotoxicity, slowly triggered over a day, may occur by classical apoptosis. Exposure of cortical cultures to 30-35 microM zinc for 24 h resulted in slowly evolving death of neurons only, while exposure to zinc at higher concentrations ( > or = 40 microM) produced near-complete death of both neurons and glia. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis revealed internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method revealed DNA breaks in degenerating neurons after 24 h exposure to 30-35 microM zinc, suggesting that the death may occur by apoptosis. However, electron-microscopic examinations revealed ultrastructural changes clearly indicative of necrosis, such as marked swelling of intracellular organelles and disruption of cell membranes amid relatively intact nuclear membranes. Furthermore, the slowly triggered zinc neurotoxicity was not attenuated by cycloheximide, neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4/5) or high potassium, all of which effectively reduced several forms of apoptosis in our cortical cultures. Interestingly, a vitamin E analogue trolox almost completely blocked slowly triggered zinc neurotoxicity, indicating that free radical injury is the main mechanism of zinc neurotoxicity. Consistently, exposure to zinc increased membrane lipid peroxidation assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay. Although zinc-induced neuronal death, slowly triggered over a day, is associated with DNA fragmentation, overall it exhibited features more typical of necrosis. This neuronal death is probably mediated by free radical injury. Further studies appear warranted to investigate the mechanistic link between toxic zinc influx and free radical generation and the possibility that selective neuronal death in transient global ischemia also occurs by zinc-triggered neuronal death exhibiting features of both apoptosis and necrosis.     

The time-course of DNA fragmentation in the choroid plexus and the CA1 region following transient global ischemia in the rat brain. The effect of intra-ischemic hypothermia.

The time-course of DNA fragmentation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the choroid plexus was studied following induction of transient forebrain ischemia under lethal normothermic (37 degrees C), or sublethal hypothermic (33 degrees C) conditions. Oligonucleosomal- and high-molecular-weight DNA fragmentation were analysed by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, respectively. DNA breaks were visualized by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick-end labeling method. At 48 h of recovery following normothermic ischemia, in situ labeling of DNA breaks were widespread in medial CA1 and high-molecular-weight DNA cleavage was seen. In contrast, at the same time-point in lateral CA1, many pyknotic but few cells displaying in situ labeling of DNA breaks were observed. Major oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation was not seen until 72 h of recovery. Following hypothermic ischemia, DNA fragmentation was absent in CA1. DNA fragmentation was seen in the choroid plexus at 24 h of recovery following normothermic ischemia, which was diminished by 48 h of recovery. In conclusion, oligonucleosomal and high-molecular-weight DNA fragmentation at 10-50 kilobase pairs, occur in CA1 after morphological signs, and acidophilia signifying neurodegeneration appear. DNA fragmentation and cell death in the choroid plexus precede neuronal death in CA1 and may play a causative role.     

P53融合蛋白的原核表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

目的 为研制出能特异与Ｐ＾５３结合的单克隆抗体,使对Ｐ＾５３的检测得到更为广泛的应用。方法 用ＰＣＲ技术扩增编码人Ｐ＾５３Ｎ－端１８０个氨基酸的ＤＮＡ片段并将其克隆在谷胱苷肽转移酶（ＧＳＴ）表达质粒Ｐ＾ＧＥＸ－２Ｔ中。用该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９,并经异丙基β－Ｄ硫代半乳糖苷（ＩＰＴＧ）诱导产生Ｐ＾５３－ＧＳＴ融合蛋白。用Ｐ＾５３－ＧＳＴ免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠。常规细胞融合,间接酶联免疫吸附试     

浅蓝菌素诱发人结肠癌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的　探讨脂肪酸合酶抑制剂———浅蓝菌素能否阻遏人结肠癌细胞增殖与诱发凋亡。方法　采用人结肠癌细胞系LoVo ,应用细胞形态学观察 ,噻唑蓝法 (MTT法 ) ,片断DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳及流式细胞仪等方法进行检测和观察。结果　LoVo细胞在浅蓝菌素作用下 ,细胞增殖被阻遏 ,并呈现剂量效应关系 ,浅蓝菌素浓度 10 -9～ 10 -5mol/L增殖抑制率由 ( 2 1.0± 15 .9) %到 ( 96 .3± 2 7) %(P <0 .0 5或 0 .0 1)。同时诱发细胞发生凋亡。凋亡细胞表现为细胞固缩 ,核染色质凝聚、边集或断裂。细胞DNA裂解片段呈典型的“阶梯状”排列的条带 ,流式细胞仪显示“凋亡”峰 ,细胞周期分析浅蓝菌素能阻滞肿瘤细胞从S期进入G2 M期 ,并诱导其细胞凋亡。浅蓝菌素对人成纤维细胞增殖无明显影响。结论　脂肪酸合酶抑制剂可能通过抑制LoVo细胞内源性脂肪酸合成 ,诱发细胞凋亡来阻遏LoVo细胞的增殖