进展期直肠癌肠系膜下动脉根部结扎及淋巴廓清的临床评价

目的 研究进展期直肠癌肠系膜下动脉（IMA）根部结扎和区域性淋巴廓清对患生存率的影响。方法 分析行肠系膜下动脉根部结扎的D3式淋巴廓清术69例和同期行非根部结扎根治术直肠癌56例。结果 肠系膜下动脉根部及腹主动脉周围淋巴结转移率为11.6%．肿瘤浸润深度pT3和pT4期发生转移明显增多。有肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结转移5年生存率为37.5％,明显低于无根部淋巴转移(70.5％);同时,行肠系膜下动脉根部结扎的D3式淋巴廓清术总的5年生存率为66.7％．明显高于非根部结扎的根治术(48.2％)。结论 对直肠癌根治术．强调行肠系膜下动脉根部结扎和近腹主动脉周围淋巴结清扫,对下部直肠癌加行侧方及全直肠系膜切除术,尤其对pT3和 pT4期患,能提高患5年生存率。     

进展期直肠癌淋巴结转移状况与根治术的关系

研究进展期直肠癌淋巴结转移状况,指导手术根治范围。方法：76例直肠癌患者行D3式根治术,按肿瘤旁、肠管纵轴和中枢方向行淋巴结分组,检测侧方和腹膜返折下直肠周围系膜转移淋巴结数,并计算淋巴结转移率。结果：肿瘤旁和肠管纵轴方向边缘动脉旁淋巴结转移率分别为39.5%和9.2%,肛侧端距肿瘤2cm未见转移;沿肠系膜下血管中枢方向淋巴结转移率为18.4%,而肠系膜下动脉(IMA)根部淋巴结转移率为10.5%;侧方淋巴结转移率为11.8%,腹膜返折下直肠周围系膜淋巴结转移率为12.5%。结论：进展期直肠癌可向肠管纵轴和中枢方向淋巴结转移。腹膜返折下直肠癌有侧方淋巴结转移并侵及直肠周围系膜,肿瘤浸润深度超过pT2期和低分化癌者淋巴结转移相应增多。宜行IMA根部结扎整块切除的D3式廓清术,腹膜返折下直肠癌力争行侧方淋巴结清扫和全直肠系膜切除术。     

肠系膜下动脉根部结扎在直肠癌前切除术中的应用

目的 探讨肠系膜下动脉(IMA)根部结扎对直肠癌根治术的临床应用价值.方法 将2003年1月至2007年12月收治的173例直肠癌前切除术患者随机分成两组,其中根部结扎组85例,采用IMA根部结扎术及根部淋巴结廓清,非根部结扎组88例,采用IMA低位结扎及结扎部位淋巴结廓清.根部结扎组,比较两组患者的平均手术时间、淋巴结数及转移度、复发率、5年生存率、并发症发生率.结果 非根部结扎组的淋巴结数、淋巴结转移度、术后生存率明显低于根部结扎组,复发率则明显高于根部结扎组(P＜0.05);两组手术时间、并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 IMA根部结扎及根部淋巴结廓清对直肠癌的治疗效果优于IMA非根部结扎及结扎部位淋巴结廓清,值得推广应用.     

肠系膜下动脉不同处理方式对直肠癌根治术影响的对比研究

目的探讨肠系膜下动脉（IMA）低位结扎与高位结扎并根部淋巴结廓清对直肠癌根治术的意义。方法对2007年5月—2008年5月收治的156例直肠癌患者进行回顾性分析,低位结扎组80例,高位结扎组76例。低位结扎组采用肠系膜下动脉低化结扎并根部淋巴结廓清,高位结扎组采用肠系膜下动脉高位结扎斤根部淋巴结廓清。比较两组IMA根部淋巴结转移率、淋巴结清扫数量、复发率、5年生存牢及并发症发病率,并进行统计学分析。结果低位结扎组IMA根部淋巴结转移率为15．0％,高位结扎组IMA根部淋巴结转移率为14．5％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;对比两组术后复发率、5年生存率、吻合口瘘、性功能障碍和尿潴留的发病率,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;低位结扎组肠道功能恢复时间、低位直肠前切除综合征的发病率低于高位结扎组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论肠系膜下动脉低位结扎并根部淋巴结廓清可达到直肠癌根治。与传统IMA高位结扎相比,对患苦的复发率、5年生存率及并发症发病率无影响。     

胃癌淋巴转移规律与淋巴结清扫范围的分析(附326例报告)

目的 探讨胃癌淋巴结转称规律和胃癌根治术的淋巴清扫范围。方法 １９９０年～１９９９年行Ｄ２、Ｄ３、Ｄ３淋巴结廓清术加腹主动脉旁淋巴结廓汪术（Ｄ３加ＰＡＬ）的胃癌患者３２６例,对期临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 本组总的淋巴结转移率６９．９％,早期与进展期胃癌淋巴结转移率分别为１５．４％和７７．４％。肿瘤浸润深度达Ｔ１的患者,淋巴结转移主要局限于Ｎ１;达Ｔ２的患者淋巴结转移至Ｎ３、Ｔ４的ＫＫＨＮＦＴＪ     

腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术肠系膜下动脉的离断平面分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术肠系膜下动脉最适离断平面.方法:对比分析2008年7月-2012年1月腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术中肠系膜下动脉不同离断平面患者的临床资料.结果:术中经肠系膜下动脉根部结扎离断血管(334例)与远离根部2～4 cm处结扎离断血管(153例)比较,前者在处理肠系膜下动脉平均手术时间(7.8 min vs.12.6 min),处理肠系膜下动脉处平均出血量(4.8 mL vs.12.5 mL),平均肠系膜下动脉及腹主动脉周围淋巴结清除数(12.5枚vs.10.9枚)均有明显优势,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01),而两者肠系膜下神经损伤率无明显差异(P＞0.05),均无肠管血供障碍.结论:行腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术,肠系膜下动脉于根部结扎离断是安全可靠的.并有手术时间较短,术中出血量少,局部淋巴结清扫彻底等优点.     

进展期胃癌腹主动脉周围淋巴转移及其廓清术的意义与适应证

近年来，由于诊断技术的进步，早期胃癌诊断率显著上升，这有助于探索早期胃癌的各种缩小手术。另一方面，对于进展期胃癌，则追求比以往手术根治度更高的术式。本文从胃癌腹主动脉周围淋巴转移规律、廓清术的远期效果、术后并发症等角度就Ｄ４根治术的合理性、意义及适应证作一介绍。一．胃周淋巴流向不同部位的胃癌从原发灶向周围淋巴结转移时，呈现出不同的状态［１，２］。以下分别阐述由胃上部和下部起始向腹主动脉周围的淋巴流向和转移状况。而胃中部癌的淋巴流向则介于其间。（一）胃上部起始的淋巴流向［３－５］　胃上部起始的淋巴…     

根部结扎肠系膜下血管在乙状结肠癌根治术中的意义

目的探讨乙状结肠癌根治术中于根部结扎肠系膜下血管的合理性。方法回顾性分析2005年12月~2006年12月间30例行乙状结肠癌根治术病例资料,手术时于根部切断结扎肠系膜下血管,注意保护内脏神经的腹主动脉丛和上腹下丛,分析肠系膜淋巴结转移和手术并发症情况。结果本组淋巴结转移者8例(26.7%),其中肠系膜根部有转移者3例(10.0%)。合并梗阻者一期切除吻合后有2例发生吻合口瘘,经引流等非手术治疗治愈,无手术死亡病例。结论乙状结肠癌根治术从根部处理肠系膜下血管合理可行。     

区域淋巴结廓清在胰头癌根治术中的应用

目的 探讨区域淋巴结廓清结合胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌的有效性和安全性。方法 在常规胰十二指肠切除术(Whipple)基础上，进行区域淋巴结廓清，同时清除从腹腔动脉干至肠系膜下动脉的后腹膜组织，重点清除肠系膜根部淋巴结(14组)、肝十二指肠韧带内淋巴结(12组)、腹主动脉旁淋巴结(16组)、以及肝动脉旁(8组)、腹腔动脉旁(9组)淋巴结。结果 53例胰头癌病人施行了以区域淋巴结廓清为重点的胰头癌根治术，其中有3例合并切除了受浸润的一段肠系膜上静脉。手术无严重并发症发生，病人均痊愈出院。53例病人中有38例(72％)发生淋巴结转移，其中以胰头后(13组)、肠系膜根部(14组)发生率最高；14组淋巴结中各亚组转移率较为平均；发生第二站淋巴结转移的比例高达63％；肿瘤大小与淋巴结转移不成正比，小于2cm的肿瘤已经有第二站淋巴结的转移；术后1，2，3，5年生存率分别为70％，52．8％，26．7％，17．8％。结论 胰头癌的淋巴结转移呈现发生早、播散远和以肠系膜根部等部位为重点的特征，以区域淋巴结廓清为重点的胰头癌根治术能较为彻底地清除区域内淋巴结以及后腹膜组织，有助于保证手术的彻底性。     

直肠癌肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结转移规律的研究

目的 研究直肠癌肠系膜下动脉(inferior mesenteric artery,IMA)根部淋巴结的转移规律,探讨IMA根部淋巴结清扫在直肠癌根治术中的意义.方法 回顾性分析北京大学第一医院2005-2008年间接受直肠癌手术并进行IMA根部淋巴结清扫的105例直肠癌患者的临床病理资料,对IMA根部淋巴结转移的影响因素进行单因素及多因素分析,并与同期收治的未行IMA根部淋巴结清扫的204例直肠癌患者的术后5年生存率及局部复发率进行比较.结果 IMA根部淋巴结转移率为9.5％ (10/105),淋巴结有转移患者的5年生存率(20.0％,2/10)明显低于无转移者(76.9％,70/91)(x2=21.546,P＜0.05).多因素分析显示肿瘤浸润深度(Wald=5.764,P＜0.05)为pT3、pT4,分化程度为低分化、未分化的直肠癌患者(Wald =7.818,P＜0.05),IMA根部淋巴结转移率明显增高.IMA根部淋巴结清扫与否的5年生存率分别为71.3％(72/101)和70.6％(142/201),差异无统计学意义(x2=0.000,P=0.995);局部复发率分别为1.9％ (2/105)和7.4％ (15/204),差异有统计学意义(x2=3.958,P＜0.05).结论 肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结清扫并不能提高直肠癌患者的5年生存率,但是可以降低局部复发率;对于肿瘤浸润深度为T3、T4,分化程度为低分化、未分化的直肠癌,肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结清扫降低了局部复发率.     

Survival benefit of high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in sigmoid colon or rectal cancer surgery

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) root nodal dissection before high ligation of the artery on survival in patients with sigmoid colon or rectal cancer. METHODS: Data on 1188 consecutive patients who underwent resection for sigmoid colon or rectal cancer, with high ligation of the IMA, were identified from a prospective database (April 1965 to December 1999). Survival of patients with involvement of nodes along the IMA proximal to the origin of the left colic artery (root nodes, station 253) through the bifurcation of the superior rectal artery (trunk nodes, station 252) was determined. RESULTS: Twenty patients (1.7 per cent) had metastatic involvement of station 253 lymph nodes and 99 (8.3 per cent) had metastases to station 252. The 5- and 10-year survival rates of patients with metastases to station 253 were 40 and 21 per cent, and those for patients with metastases to station 252 were 50 and 35 per cent, respectively. CONCLUSION: High ligation of the IMA allows curative resection and long-term survival in patients with cancer of the sigmoid colon or rectum and nodal metastases at the origin of the IMA.     

直肠癌术中从根部结扎肠系膜下动脉临床意义探讨

目的探讨直肠癌术中从根部结扎肠系膜下动脉的临床意义。方法回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院2000年1月至2005年12月499例肠系膜下动脉根部结扎的直肠癌临床病理资料。结果肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结转移率为14．4％。肿瘤分化程度为低分化腺癌、黏液腺癌或印戒细胞癌，肿瘤浸润深度达到pT3和pT4的直肠癌病人，其肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结转移率较高。结论低分化腺癌、黏液腺癌或印戒细胞癌，浸润深度达到pT3和pT4时，直肠癌肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结转移率较高，在行直肠癌根治手术时应行肠系膜下动脉根部结扎以提高5年存活率。     

High ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in rectal cancer surgery

In rectal cancer surgery, it is unclear whether the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) should be ligated as high as possible, at its origin, or low, below the origin of the left colic artery. We reviewed all relevant articles identified from MEDLINE databases and found that despite a trend of improved survival among patients who underwent high ligation, there is no conclusive evidence to support this. High ligation of the IMA is beneficial in that it allows for en bloc dissection of the node metastases at and around the origin of the IMA, while enabling anastomosis to be performed in the pelvis, without tension, at the time of low anterior resection. High ligation of the IMA does not represent a source of increased anastomotic leak in rectal cancer surgery and postoperative quality of life is improved by preserving the hypogastric nerve without compromising the radicality of the operation. More importantly, high ligation of the IMA improves node harvest, enabling accurate tumor staging. Although the prognosis of patients with node metastases at and around the origin of the IMA is poor, the survival rate of patients with rectal cancer may be improved by performing high ligation of the IMA combined with neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy.     

肠系膜下动脉低、高位结扎在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的效果比较

目的:探讨低、高位结扎肠系膜下动脉(IMA)在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的临床疗效、应用价值及患者术后生存情况.方法:回顾分析2014年1月至2017年1月收治的215例直肠癌患者的临床资料,根据IMA结扎方式分为低位结扎组(n=98)与高位结扎组(n=117).对比分析两组患者一般情况、围手术期相关指标(手术时间、术中出血...     

进展期结直肠癌淋巴转移规律的临床研究

目的 研究进展期结直肠癌淋巴结转移规律。评价手术根治程度。方法 分析１１４例结直肠癌行扩大的Ｄ３式根治术后淋巴结１００５个,按肿瘤旁、肠管纵轴和中枢方向淋巴结分组分站。结果 肿瘤旁、肠管纵轴方向淋巴结转移率、转移度和阳性淋巴结分布率分别为４３．９％、３７．２％和５８．９％及３２．５％￣１５．９％和１７．５％,口 端有淋巴结转移大多在１０ｃｍ以内,而直肠癌肛侧端距肿瘤２．０ｃｍ以内转移率为５．５￣２     

Impact of upward lymph node dissection on survival rates in advanced lower rectal carcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study investigated appropriate level of upward lymph node (LN) dissection in advanced lower rectal carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 285 consecutive patients with stage II/III lower rectal carcinoma were analyzed. LN dissection was classified as follows: division of the root of the superior rectal artery (UD2), division of the root of the inferior mesenteric artery (UD3) and UD3 with para-aortic LN dissection (UD4). RESULTS: LN metastases at the root of the inferior mesenteric artery were found in 4 patients. Their prognoses were worse than those of the other stage III patients (p = 0.011). On the other hand, LN metastases along the superior rectal artery were discovered in 14 patients, whose 5-year overall survival rate was 61.2%. By removing the LNs either UD2 or UD3/4, a similar survival rate was achieved in stage III patients with LN metastases along the superior rectal artery. CONCLUSION: Survival of a minority with metastatic LNs at the root of the inferior mesenteric artery was poor. Additionally, survival is no worse in patients with positive LN along the superior rectal artery as long as these positive nodes are resected by either UD2 or UD3/4. Low ligation is adequate for advanced lower rectal carcinoma.     

Prognostic Impact of Inferior Mesenteric Artery Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer

Aim

The aims of this study are to identify the natural course of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) lymph node metastasis, and to evaluate the prognostic impact of IMA lymph node metastasis in the sigmoid colon and rectal cancer.

Patients and Methods

From our prospectively collected database, a total of 625 patients who underwent resection with curative intent for stage III adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon and rectal cancer between June 1995 and June 2007 were selected. Patients were divided into the IMA-positive group (n = 33) and the IMA-negative group (n = 592) according to IMA lymph node metastasis status. Clinicopathological features, recurrence patterns, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were compared between the two groups.

Results

Following curative resection, 5-year disease-free survival rate was 31.9% in the IMA-positive group and 69.4% in the IMA-negative group (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed that rectal cancer, pathologic stage, and presence of IMA lymph node metastasis were independently associated with disease-free survival. Systemic recurrence rate was significantly higher in the IMA-positive group than in the IMA-negative group (48.5 vs. 20.8%, respectively, p = 0.001). Para-aortic nodal recurrence showed significant association with presence of IMA lymph node metastasis on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 11.8; 95% confidence interval 2.7–52.2, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Presence of IMA lymph node metastasis should be considered as a predictive factor for high systemic recurrence, and should be treated and followed up with caution for para-aortic nodal recurrence.     

Potential prognostic benefit of lateral pelvic node dissection for rectal cancer located below the peritoneal reflection

OBJECTIVE: To identify the parameters related to the effective selection of patients who could receive prognostic benefit from lateral pelvic node dissection. BACKGROUND: Accurate preoperative diagnosis of lateral nodal involvement (LNI) remains difficult, and the indications for lateral lymph node dissection have been controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 244 consecutive patients who underwent potentially curative surgery with lateral dissection for advanced lower rectal cancer (1985-2000) were reviewed. Patients were stratified into groups based on various parameters, and the therapeutic value index for survival benefit was compared among groups. The therapeutic index of lateral dissection was calculated by multiplying the frequency of metastasis to the lateral area and the cancer-related 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis to the lateral area, irrespective of metastasis to other areas (mesorectal, superior rectal artery [SRA], and inferior mesenteric artery [IMA] areas). RESULTS: LNI was observed in 41 patients (17%); and 88% of them had nodal involvement in the region along the internal iliac/pudendal artery or in the obturator region ("vulnerable field"). The cancer-related 5-year survival rate among the patients with LNI was 42%; the therapeutic index for lateral dissection was calculated as 7.0 patients, which was much higher than that of lymphadenectomy of the SRA area (1.6 patients) and the IMA area (0.4 patients), and almost comparable to that of lymphadenectomy of the upward mesorectal area (6.9 patients). Although it was possible to select groups at high and low risk for LNI based on several parameters related to tumor aggressiveness, such as tumor differentiation in biopsy specimens, the therapeutic value index was not significantly different between these groups. Unlike these parameters, the diameter of the largest lymph node in the "vulnerable field," which was positively correlated with the rate of LNI but irrelevant to the prognosis, was able to successfully stratify patients by therapeutic index. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced lower rectal cancer patients having LNI in the lateral pelvic area are likely to receive prognostic benefit from lymphadenectomy. The most efficient means of determining the effectiveness of lateral dissection preoperatively is to estimate the nodal diameter in the "vulnerable" lateral regions by diagnostic imaging.     

精准保留左结肠动脉并根部淋巴结清扫的腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中根据肠系膜下动脉(IMA)不同分型精准保留左结肠动脉(LCA)及根部淋巴结清扫的临床意义。方法:采用回顾性对比性的方法纳入2016年6月至2018年6月施行的72例腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术,其中38例根据IMA分型行精准保留LCA并廓清IMA根部淋巴结(保留LCA组),34例不保留LCA,行传统高位结扎术(高位结扎组);对比分析两组临床资料、围手术期疗效指标及术后恢复情况。结果:两组手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹,两组手术时间、术中出血量、预防性造口率及术后病理分期差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组淋巴结清扫总数、阳性淋巴结数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。保留LCA组术后1例发生吻合口出血,高位结扎组术后2例发生排尿功能障碍、2例吻合口漏,两组术后并发症总发生率分别为2.6%与11.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留LCA并清扫根部淋巴结可达到肿瘤根治效果,并能降低术后总并发症发生率,是安全、有效的。