几种乳腺癌影像学检查诊断评价

乳腺癌是女性最常见、多发的恶性肿瘤之一,是一种严重威胁女性身心健康,甚至危及生命的恶性肿瘤,发病率逐年上升,全球每年发病人数超过100万,欧美国家乳腺癌发病人数占女性恶性肿瘤的25%～30%.近年来,我国大城市乳腺癌的发病率占女性恶性肿瘤第一位或第二位,以每年2%～3%的速度递增,死亡率占第四或第五位.并呈年轻化趋势,过去只有一个45岁左右的发病高峰,现又增加60岁左右第二个发病高峰,乡镇和农村过去低发区,现在亦有上升趋势.     

深圳市南山区恶性肿瘤监测资料分析

目的 分析南山区恶性肿瘤患病状况,探讨其流行规律。方法 通过恶性肿瘤监测系统,由各医疗单位定期报卡。结果 户籍人口患病登记高于暂住、流动人口,暂住、流动人口恶性肿瘤患病率近几年增长较快。消化系统的恶性肿瘤占全部病例的51.5％。胃癌居顺位排列首位,女性乳腺癌居女性病例的首位。南山区恶性肿瘤男性比例高于女性,比例为1.29:1。男性以消化系统恶性肿瘤为主。结论 准确可靠的监测资料,全面地阐明了南山区恶性肿瘤患病状况和变化趋势。     

临沂市妇幼保健院5年乳腺疾病普查结果分析

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,在世界范围内约占女性恶性肿瘤总数21%,自20世纪70年代末开始一直呈上升趋势;2005年全球乳腺癌新发病例超过了120万.     

乳腺癌的研究进展

<正>乳腺癌是妇女常见的恶性肿瘤。全世界每年有一百万妇女患病,自20世纪70年代末开始、我国乳腺癌的发病率一直居女性肿瘤的首位。北美、北欧原是乳腺癌的高发区,现在我国的发病率也从5年前的十万分之十七增加到去年的十万分之五十二,呈快速上升趋势。而且发病年龄也越来越     

我国乳腺癌筛查及药物预防的现状及进展

<正>乳腺癌是目前严重威胁女性健康的头号杀手,位于女性肿瘤发病率的首位,死亡率的第2位[1-4]。据世界癌症报告统计显示[5],2012年在全球约有167万女性罹患乳腺癌,有52万女性因乳腺癌死亡,在女性群体的肿瘤发病率(43. 3/10万)和死亡率(14. 7/10万)中都是第1位。乳腺癌发病率在美国是在女性恶性肿瘤发病率第一位,并且乳腺癌死亡率仅次于肺癌,位列恶性肿瘤死亡率第2位[6]。我国女性人群中最常见的恶性肿瘤也是乳腺癌,有调查指出[7-8],我国乳腺癌发病率的增长速度高于世界平均增长速度,据统计我国乳腺癌新发和死亡人数分别占     

中国2008年女性乳腺癌发病、死亡和患病情况的估计及预测

目的估计2008年中国女性乳腺癌发病、死亡和患病情况,并预测20年后其发病数和死亡数。方法根据中国36个肿瘤登记点的数据以及全国第三次死因调查(2004--2005年)结果,估计2008年女性乳腺癌发病、死亡和患病情况,并预测2010、2015、2020、2025和2030年发病数和死亡数。结果2008年巾国女性乳腺癌新发病例数约16.9万,占所有恶性肿瘤发病例数的14. 2％,世界人口标化发病率为21.6／10万.居女性所有恶性肿瘤第2位。2008年女性乳腺癌死亡病例数约4.5万,占所有恶性肿瘤死亡例数的6.1％,世界人口标化死亡率为5.7／10万,居全部恶性肿瘤第6位。2008年中国15岁以上成年人乳腺癌5年患病数约63.0万,占所有恶性肿瘤5年患病数的26.1％,5年患病率为120.8／10万,居女性所有恶性肿瘤首位。中国乳腺癌高发人群为40～70岁年龄组。在未来20年,中国乳腺癌的发病数和死亡数均将呈现上升趋势。结论乳腺癌居中国女性癌症第2位,与首位肺癌基本持平,其发病和死亡情况在未来20年将越来越严重,重点防控人群。为40～70岁女性：     

常熟市女性乳腺癌发病及死亡分析

<正>近年来,乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率在我国乃至世界范围内均呈上升趋势,成为了危害妇女健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一。常熟市女性乳腺癌发病率仅次于胃癌,位居第二,发病率和死亡率均呈不断上升的趋势。为了解常熟市女性乳腺癌的流行规律,我们对常熟市     

乳腺癌内科治疗临床研究

乳腺癌是发生在乳腺组织的恶性肿瘤,其发病率占全身各种恶性肿瘤的7%—10%,为女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,大多数发生在40—60岁绝经前后的妇女。近20年来,乳腺癌发病率呈明显上升趋势,低于35岁的年轻乳腺癌患者所占比例正在逐年增加,中国每年新增乳腺癌患者达17万,每年死亡的乳腺癌患者达4.5万例,而且在未来的10年内乳腺癌在我国的发病率仍然会持续上升[1]。乳腺癌已成为全球女性第一恶性病杀手,现就近年来乳腺癌治疗的相关研究进行综述。     

乳腺癌早期发现的自我保健

乳腺癌是女性最多见的恶性肿瘤之一。在我国女性中,仅次于子宫茎癌,排列第二位。但在某些地区或某些行业中进行肿瘤调查时它又占第一位。在乳腺癌患病者中男性约占10％,患病年令多在40—60岁之间。25岁以下的青年妇女很少发现患乳腺癌的。但年令超过30岁以后患病人数就迅速增多。因此提示我们中年妇女应特别注意自我保健。     

拯救乳房，为美丽而战！

最新资料表明，全球每年约100万的女性死于乳腺癌，在西欧、北美等发达国家，乳腺癌发病率占女性恶性肿瘤首位，我国约有80%的成年女性患有不同程度的乳腺病，每年死于乳腺癌的人数多达20万，乳腺癌呈“发病率逐年增高，低龄化和癌变比例逐年增高”特点。     

The influence of socio-cultural factors on breast cancer screening behaviors in Lagos,Nigeria

Culture has been shown to influence health beliefs and health-related behaviors by influencing the type of health information to which women have been exposed and shapes health and illness perceptions and practices. To increase screening rates, cultural influences should be considered as important correlates of screening behaviors for breast cancer. This study used semi-structured interviews of women attending a cancer screening facility in Lagos, Nigeria guided by the PEN-3 model to describe culturally relevant factors that shape attitudes toward breast cancer and breast cancer screening. Religion was the most prominent theme and was shown to have positive, negative and existential effect on breast cancer perceptions. Other major themes observed were related to family and traditional beliefs. The results from this study could be used to develop and implement culturally relevant cancer prevention interventions, strategies, and recommendations to overcome screening barriers in an effort to increase breast cancer participation and awareness among Nigerian women.     

Incidence and mortality due to cancer in Navarre, 1998-2002. Trends in the last 30 years

Between 1998-2002, 16,952 new cases of cancer were registered in Navarre. In men, the most frequently diagnosed cancers were in the following order: prostate, lung, colon and rectum, bladder and stomach, which accounted for 63.2%. In women, the sites were breast, colon and rectum, corpus uteri, stomach and ovary, which accounted for 57.6% of the cases. In the same period, 1998-2002, 4,127 men and 2,470 women died from cancer. Sixty percent of all deaths due to malign tumours in men were due to cancer of the lung, prostate, colon and rectum, stomach and bladder. In women this was due to cancers of colon and rectum, breast, stomach, pancreas and lung, which accounted for 49% of the cases. In men in Navarre there has been an increase in the incidence rates of cancer of the prostate, kidney and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Avoidable cancers such as those related to smoking (lung, oral cavity and pharynx or pancreas) continue to rise, and represent a greater global risk of dying from cancer in the latest period studied than in the decades of the 1970s and 1980s. From 1995 up to the present, mortality due to cancer has moved from occupying the second place to become the first cause of death among men in Navarre. The global risk of death due to cancer in men is now equal to the first period studied, 1975-1977. Amongst women the global risk of death due to cancer fell by 25% between 1975 and 2002, basically at the cost of breast and stomach cancer. Tumours related to smoking increased both in mortality and in incidence and appear as a significant health problem amongst women in Navarre. Breast cancer has increased in incidence, with lower mortality figures than those of the first period 1975-1977. Invasive cancer of the cervix remains at very low rates in comparison with many European countries, including Spain. In both sexes colorectal and skin cancer has increased, while the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer continues to fall.     

Mammography: a critical evaluation of its role in breast cancer screening, especially in developing countries

Screening for breast cancer using mammography alone, or mammography plus physical examination of the breasts, reduces mortality from breast cancer in women age 50-69. The evidence for effectiveness in older women is less clear. If effective in younger women, benefit is delayed compared to that seen in women age 50 or more. The increasing incidence of breast cancer in developing countries, and the late stage at diagnosis of most disease, supports efforts to introduce screening for breast cancer. However, the requirements of mammography in terms of technology and skilled personnel make it difficult to apply in most developing countries at present. There is a need to evaluate simpler screening tests, such as physical examination of the breasts and breast self-examination, as they can be applied by existing health personnel, and more readily integrated into medical care.     

Black Women’s Awareness of Breast Cancer Disparity and Perceptions of the Causes of Disparity

Black women face the greatest breast cancer mortality burden of any racial or ethnic group in the United States. Breast cancer disparity is particularly pronounced in Chicago, where Black women were 62 percent more likely to die of breast cancer than their White counterparts in 2007. No work to date has examined views of disparity among a population living in the context of a large, well-documented, and grave health disparity. We examined (1) awareness of breast cancer disparities among Black women in Chicago; and (2) Black women’s perceptions of the causes of breast cancer disparity. Four focus groups with Black women were held in Chicago. Participants completed a brief survey about their views of breast cancer prior to the group discussion. In response to the survey question, “In your opinion, who is more likely to die from breast cancer?” 51 % of participants believed all women have the same chance of dying from breast cancer. In focus group discussions, participants placed responsibility for disparity on individual behaviors and community culture. Participants believed that disparity resulted from Black women’s lack of awareness of cancer screening and their failure to be screened or treated for breast cancer. The majority of participants were unaware of breast cancer mortality disparities. Moreover, while health researchers and professionals believe disparity in Chicago results from healthcare system inequalities, Black women largely viewed breast cancer disparity as a consequence of individual behaviors, knowledge and attitudes.     

Breast cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean.

As recently as two decades ago breast cancer was not a significant public health concern in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). However, mortality rates from breast cancer have been increasing for at least 40 years in most LAC countries. Socioeconomic development and consequent changes in reproductive behaviors over the past 50 years are thought to have contributed to the increased risk of breast cancer. Socioeconomic development has also increased women's health awareness and therefore the demand for quality services. In industrialized countries, screening and widely available, high-quality treatment protocols are being implemented as the main strategy for breast cancer control. Studies show that out of three available screening methods (mammography, clinical breast examination, and breast self-examination), only mammography for women 50-69 years of age has been effective at reducing mortality, and has done so by an estimated 23%. While there is much controversy about the benefits and cost-effectiveness of mammography screening for women aged 40-49, some countries, including Australia, the United States of America, and four European nations, recommend that physicians assess the need for it on an individual basis. A survey that we conducted of LAC countries shows that most of their breast cancer screening policies are not justified by available scientific evidence. Moreover, as seen by relatively high mortality/incidence ratios, breast cancer cases are not being adequately managed in many LAC countries. Before further developing screening programs, these countries need to evaluate the feasibility of designing and implementing appropriate treatment guidelines and providing wide access to diagnostic and treatment services. Given the relevance of breast cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean today, it is crucial that both women and health care providers have access to up-to-date information on which to base their decisions.     

The influence of previous breast cancer upon mammography utilization.

Women with a previous history of breast cancer are at increased risk for developing cancer in the opposite breast. However, the literature is inconsistent regarding whether a previous history of breast cancer is associated positively with mammography utilization. Some studies indicate that women with a previous history of breast cancer are less likely to utilize mammography, although behavioral models of health care theorize that women with a history of breast cancer may be more vigilant regarding the disease. We analyzed responses from 830 women > or =50 years who participated in the 1998 National Health Interview Survey. A significantly greater proportion of women with breast cancer reported had a mammogram in the previous year (73.13%) as compared with women who did not have breast cancer (56.69%). Although a previous history of breast cancer was found to be associated positively with mammography use, women with public sources of health insurance are less likely to report mammography use. Results indicate that women with a previous history of breast cancer appear aware of the necessity for continued screening. However, enabling factors such as type of health insurance continue to exert an influence upon the utilization of mammography.     

Information and support for women following the primary treatment of breast cancer

Objective To examine the need for, use of and satisfaction with information and support following primary treatment of breast cancer. Design Cross‐sectional survey. Participants Cohort of 266 surviving women diagnosed with breast cancer over a 25‐month period at a tertiary hospital, Adelaide, Australia. Time since diagnosis ranged from 6 to 30 months. Main outcome measures Need for, use of and satisfaction with information and support. Results Women reported high levels of need for information about a variety of issues following breast cancer treatment. Ninety‐four percentage reported a high level of need for information about one or more issues, particularly recognizing a recurrence, chances of cure and risk to family members of breast cancer. However, few women (2–32%) reported receiving such information. The most frequently used source of information was the surgeon followed by television, newspapers and books. The most frequently used source of support was family followed by friends and the surgeon. Few women (<7%) used formal support services or the Internet. Women were very satisfied with the information and support that they received from the surgeon and other health professionals but reported receiving decreasing amounts of information and support from them over time. Conclusions Women experience a high need for information about breast cancer related issues following primary treatment of breast cancer. These needs remain largely unmet as few women receive information about issues that concern them. The role of the surgeon and other health professionals is critical in narrowing the gap between needing and receiving information.     

Mujeres felices por ser saludables: a breast cancer risk reduction program for Latino women

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the most common cause of cancer mortality among Latino women. Several behavioral factors such as early detection and dietary practices could help decrease morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer in this population. Unfortunately, there are few data regarding the efficacy of health-related interventions for young Latino women. METHODS: Mujeres Felices por ser Saludables is a randomized intervention project designed to assess breast cancer risk reduction behavior among Latino women ages 20-40 years. The primary objectives of the project were to determine whether an 8-month integrated dietary/breast health intervention could lead to a greater reduction in dietary fat, increase in dietary fiber, increase in the frequency and proficiency of breast self examination (BSE), and reduction in anxiety related to BSE compared to controls. Herein we describe the overall design of the project and present baseline characteristics of the 256 randomized women. RESULTS: Our results suggest that the average daily intake of dietary fat (percentage of total energy) was slightly below 30% (percentage of total energy) among the women randomized. While over half of these women reported that they practice BSE, and few reported anxiety related to BSE, less than 27% of women were proficient in the recommended BSE technique. CONCLUSIONS: There are few data on the dietary and breast health behaviors of young low-acculturated Latino women. This study documents the feasibility of recruiting, randomizing, and obtaining both baseline dietary and breast health data on this unique and underserved population.     

Characteristics of women using organized or opportunistic breast cancer screening in France. Analysis of the 2006 French Health,Health Care and Insurance Survey

BackgroundThis study aimed at (i) estimating the 2-year self-reported breast cancer screening coverage rate; and (ii) analyzing the relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and healthcare access of women and breast cancer screening (opportunistic or organized) practices.MethodsFrom a 2006 French health survey, 2056 women aged 50 to 74 years were selected and divided into three groups according to their breast cancer screening practices during the previous 2 years: organized screening, opportunistic screening, or no screening. The three groups were compared according to self-reported sociodemographic status, healthcare access, screening behaviors, and perceived health, using polytomic regression.ResultsThe 2-year self-reported coverage rate was 75.8%. It was high among women aged 50 to 69 years and lower among older women. Questions relating to medical access (i.e. having consulted a GP in the last 12 months, having consulted a gynecologist in the last 12 months, and having had a Pap smear in the last 3 years) were the variables most commonly associated with a recent mammogram. Women having a regular follow-up by a gynecologist or having had cervical cancer screening within the last three years used organized breast cancer screening more often and used opportunistic breast cancer screening even more often than other women.ConclusionThe study confirmed the key role of gynecologists and general practitioners in encouraging women to have a mammogram. Awareness among healthcare professionals and women of the benefits of organized breast cancer screening compared to opportunistic screening should be sustained and strengthened.