胰腺囊性疾病临床诊断分析

目的 探讨胰腺囊性病变(PCL)的发病及诊断方法.方法 对经手术或病理证实为胰腺囊性病变的134例患者,从性别、年龄、病程、既往史、伴发症、症状、体征、影像学诊断等方面进行比较分析.结果 本研究共收集胰腺假性囊肿(PPC)107例、真性囊肿(TPC)12例、囊性肿瘤(PCT)15例.囊性肿瘤组女性发病率明显高于假性囊肿组(P=0.003).假性囊肿组有急、慢性胰腺炎史的病例数显著多于真性囊肿和囊性肿瘤组(P值分别为0.000和0.000),假性囊肿组胆道结石的病例数明显多于囊性肿瘤组(P=0.005),而真性囊肿组同时伴有肝、肾囊肿的病例数显著高于假性囊肿组(P=0.000).CT对假性囊肿和囊性恶性肿瘤的诊断准确率高于B超(P值分别为0.000和0.02).结论 胰腺囊性疾病应根据其发病情况、相关病史及影像学特点进行仔细分析,才能有助于明确囊性病变的性质.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤与假性胰腺囊肿的鉴别诊断

目的：提高对胰腺囊性肿瘤诊断的认识，减少这种少见肿瘤的误诊误治。方法：对上海中山医院1958年4月～1995年7月经病理证实的15例胰腺囊性肿瘤病人进行回顾性分析，并与1962年9月～1995年7月收治的76例假性胰腺囊肿病人的临床表现和辅助检查特点进行比较。分析误诊的原因，探讨鉴别诊断的方法。结果：15例胰腺囊性肿瘤中，仅有6例（40％）术前明确诊断为胰腺囊性肿瘤，其余9例（60％）术前被误诊为胰腺假性囊肿或中上腹肿块而行手术，其中7例术中被诊为囊性肿瘤而获相应的根治性切除，另2例被错误地进行了内引流术．结论：胰腺囊性肿瘤非常少见，其临床特征、影象学表现与假性胰腺囊肿相似而常导致误诊。但只要综合运用病史分析、影象学特点、囊液分析、术中活检、术中和术后观察等方法，就能提高诊断的准确率。     

多层螺旋CT对胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT对胰腺囊性肿瘤的表现和诊断价值,以提高对该类疾病的认识。方法回顾性分析谷城县人民医院2010年1月-2013年1月18例经手术或穿刺活检标本病理证实的胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的CT资料。结果浆液性囊腺瘤8例,7例小囊型,1例大囊型,小囊型病灶较小,囊内有分隔,强化是呈海绵状,1例可见中央星状瘢痕伴钙化,大囊型病灶呈薄壁大囊,无囊壁结节及分隔,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;黏液性腺瘤6例,2例表现为单房囊性病灶,4例表现为多房分隔囊性病灶,增强后壁有强化;黏液性囊腺癌2例,1例伴有肝转移;实性假乳头状瘤2例,均为囊实混合型。结论多层螺旋CT对胰腺囊性肿瘤具有高度敏感性,不同病变有其特征表现,对术前诊断有一定价值。     

超声内镜在胰腺囊性肿瘤诊断中的作用

随着影像学检查技术不断发展和应用,胰腺囊性肿瘤（pancreatic cystic neoplasms,PCNs）的检出率不断增加,其诊治越来越受到重视。由于PCNs是一组异质性肿瘤,不同病变病理类型生物学行为差异大,因而PCNs的精确诊断对于临床决策制定及预后判断有重要意义。然而目前PCNs的精确诊断仍面临挑战。超声内镜结合了超声与内镜优势,在PCNs诊治中发挥了巨大优势,超声内镜检查及其引导下系列诊断技术提高了PCNs的准确诊断率。本文结合笔者工作实践和文献报道,介绍超声内镜及其引导下系列检查技术在PCNs诊断中的价值。     

胰腺囊性病变的临床特征和诊治分析

背景:随着影像学技术的进步,胰腺囊性病变的检出率逐年升高,但鉴别不同类型的胰腺囊性病变仍是临床的棘手问题。目的:分析胰腺囊性病变的临床特征和诊治方法。方法:纳入2003年1月~2013年1月上海交通大学附属第一人民医院收治的胰腺囊性病变患者,对入组患者的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学特征以及治疗方法进行回顾性分析。结果:共49例患者纳入研究,其中假性囊肿13例、潴留囊肿4例、先天性囊肿2例、浆液性囊性肿瘤(SCN)9例、黏液性囊性肿瘤(MCN)11例、导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)7例、实性-假乳头状肿瘤(SPN)3例。49例患者中16例患者无症状,其余33例患者表现为腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐、发热等。13例胰腺假性囊肿患者均有急、慢性胰腺炎或外伤病史,3例IPMN患者血清CA19-9升高。B超、CT、MRI/MRCP、EUS诊断胰腺囊性病变的准确率分别为24.5%、32.7%、61.1%、100%。49例患者均接受手术治疗,分别行内引流术、囊肿切除术、胰十二指肠切除术、胰体(尾)切除术以及节段性胰腺切除术。结论:胰腺囊性病变无特异性临床表现。CT、MRI/MRCP作为无创检查手段,应广泛用于囊性病变的诊断和评估,EUS可作为进一步检查手段。选择合理的手术方案是治疗胰腺囊性病变的关键。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的鉴别诊断（附10例分析）

胰腺囊性肿瘤是一种很少见的胰腺肿瘤，约占全部胰腺肿瘤的11％～15％，其中大部分病情发展慢，治疗效果好，有别于胰腺实质性癌肿。主要包括胰腺囊腺瘤、胰腺囊腺癌、胰腺乳头状囊性肿瘤及胰实质性肿瘤的缺血液化或感染所致的退行性病理改变。现将我们近年来收治的10例胰腺囊性肿瘤诊疗情况总结报告如下。     

囊液分析在胰腺囊性病变鉴别诊断中的价值

胰腺囊性病变包括假性囊肿(pseudocysts,PC)和囊性肿瘤。近些年由于CT影像技术的发展,胰腺囊性病变的诊断率明显提高。胰腺囊性肿瘤仅占胰腺囊肿的10%～15%[1],但种类繁多,并且具有良性、交界性及恶性的不同程度分化,其中最常见的病变类型为:浆液性囊腺瘤(serous cystade-nomas     

胰腺实囊性肿瘤的CT表现和特征

胰腺实囊性肿瘤 (ｓｏｌｉｄａｎｄｃｙｓｔｉｃｔｕｍｏｒｓｏｆｐａｎｃｒｅａｓ,ＳＣＴＰ)是近年来逐渐被临床关注的新实体肿瘤 ,其组织发生尚未定论 ,病例罕见。我们回顾分析了 9例胰腺实囊性肿瘤的ＣＴ表现及特征 ,旨在提高术前对实囊性肿瘤诊治水平。一、材料和方法收集 1994～ 2 0 0 0年经手术切除 ,病理及免疫组化证实 ,临床资料完整的胰腺实囊性肿瘤 9例 ,均为女性 ,发病年龄为 14～ 5 6岁 ,30岁以下 7例。临床症状主要为中上腹部不适、隐痛、夜间进食加剧并放射到腰背部 ,体检时可触及腹部肿块。采用ＧＥ螺旋ＣＴ或多排螺旋ＣＴ扫…     

胰腺肿瘤的诊断及治疗：胰腺囊性病变

随着影像学技术的进步及人群健康查体意识的提高，无症状的胰腺囊性病变患者逐渐增多。胰腺囊性病变主要包括浆液性囊腺瘤（SCA）、黏液性囊腺瘤（MCA）、胰腺假性囊肿、潴留囊肿、导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（IPMN）、囊腺癌等。其中黏液性囊腺瘤和IPMN均被视为癌前病变。胰腺囊性病变患者绝大多数无临床症状，仅20％左右表现为上腹部隐痛、腹胀、消化道症状等，缺乏特异性；体格检查也多无阳性体征。是囊肿的某些特征和恶性肿瘤之间有相关性，这些特征包括存在实性占位性病变、囊肿增大和出现症状。     

Childhood cystic teratoma of the pancreas: Clinical presentation,evaluation and management

Pancreatic cystic teratoma in children is extremely rare. Here we present a female infant with a mature cystic teratoma of the pancreatic body. The patient was admitted for a palpable abdominal mass and anorexia. Computed tomography (CT) indicated a huge cystic mass in the abdominal cavity. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, and the tumor was excised completely. Pathology confirmed the tumor was a mature cystic teratoma of pancreatic origin. Two months after the initial surgery, a pseudocyst was detected and then cystojejunostomy was performed. Fourteen months after the second surgery, tumor relapse occurred and distal pancreatectomy was performed. The patient remained well without tumor recurrence during the next 24 months of follow-up. Our experience suggests that clinical manifestations of children with pancreatic cystic teratomas might be nonspecific and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Radical tumor resection and maximized preservation of healthy pancreatic tissue should always be balanced in surgical treatment.     

中国胰腺囊性肿瘤诊断指南（2022年）

随着医学影像技术的发展,胰腺囊性肿瘤（pancreatic cystic neoplasm,PCN）的检出率逐年增加。PCN包含多种类型,不同类型的PCN生物学特性和恶变风险均有显著差异。由于目前国内缺乏相应指南或共识,导致PCN临床诊断标准不一、缺乏规范的问题较为突出。本指南结合国内外研究进展,基于PCN临床症状、影像或内镜诊断以及随访策略等问题,共提出17条推荐意见,旨在规范我国PCN诊断决策和监测随访流程,促进多学科整合,进一步提升该病的规范化诊断与治疗水平。     

Italian consensus guidelines for the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of cystic pancreatic neoplasms

This report contains clinically oriented guidelines for the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of cystic pancreatic neoplasms in patients fit for treatment. The statements were elaborated by working groups of experts by searching and analysing the literature, and then underwent a consensus process using a modified Delphi procedure. The statements report recommendations regarding the most appropriate use and timing of various imaging techniques and of endoscopic ultrasound, the role of circulating and intracystic markers and the pathologic evaluation for the diagnosis and follow-up of cystic pancreatic neoplasms.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤19例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断及外科治疗方法.方法 对我院普外科2000年1月至2009年8月诊治的19例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 胰腺囊性肿瘤无特征性临床表现,B超和CT是其主要诊断手段,但均不能准确区分其病理类型,与术后病理对照的定性诊断符合率分别为57.9%(11/19)和68.4%(13/19).肿瘤位于胰头颈部5例,胰体尾部14例,最大直径3～15cm.19例均行手术治疗,切除肿瘤16例,总切除率为84.2%.术中误诊误治4例(21.0%).病理证实浆液性囊腺瘤6例,黏液性囊腺瘤6例,黏液性囊腺癌5例,导管内乳头状黏液腺瘤2例.获得随访15例(78.9%),3例囊腺癌患者中1例切除者已存活4年,无复发;2例未切除者分别于术后4个月和7个月病死.12例囊腺瘤患者目前均存活,肿瘤无复发.失访4例,囊腺癌和囊腺瘤各2例.结论 加强对胰腺囊性肿瘤的认识是减少误诊误治的关键;胰腺囊性肿瘤手术切除后疗效满意,故一经诊断即应积极行外科手术切除.     

胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤21例临床及病理分析

目的 探讨胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤(SCAP)的临床与病理特点.方法 回顾性分析21例SCAP患者的临床及病理资料.结果 21例SCAP患者的平均年龄为61岁,男∶女为1∶1.33,18例(85.7％)有腹痛、腹胀、腹部包块、消瘦等症状,3例(14.3％)为体检发现.肿瘤位于胰头部9例,胰体尾部12例.临床表现均为胰腺囊性占位.21例患者均行手术治疗.病理检查见囊壁完整,内衬扁平或立方上皮细胞,胞质透亮,核圆形或卵圆形,大小一致,无明显核异型和核分裂象,病理诊断为微囊型15例、寡囊型6例.免疫组化显示肿瘤细胞EMA、CK7、CK19均阳性,碘酸-雪夫(PAS)染色亦阳性,Ki-67阳性表达率在1％ ～3％之间.19例经3个月到7年不等的随访未发现复发及转移.结论 SCAP好发于老年女性,多数患者有临床症状.SCAP多位于胰体尾部,表现为胰腺导管上皮分化特征.患者预后良好.     

Management of mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual management of mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) of the pancreas. A systematic review was performed in December 2009 by consulting PubMed MEDLINE for publications and matching the "pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm", "pancreatic mucinous cystic tumour", "pancreatic mucinous cystic mass", "pancreatic cyst", and "pancreatic cystic neoplasm" to identify English language articles describing the diagnosis and treatment of the mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. In total, 16 322 references ranging from January 1969 to December 2009 were analysed and 77 articles were identified. No articles published before 1996 were selected because MCNs were not previously considered to be a completely autonomous disease. Definition, epidemiology, anatomopathological findings, clinical presentation, preoperative evaluation, treatment and prognosis were reviewed. MCNs are pancreatic mucinproducing cysts with a distinctive ovarian-type stroma localized in the body-tail of the gland and occurring in middle-aged females. The majority of MCNs are slow growing and asymptomatic. The prevalence of invasive carcinoma varies between 6% and 55%. Preoperative diagnosis depends on a combination of clinical features, tumor markers, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasound with cyst fluid analysis, and positron emission tomography-CT. Surgery is indicated for all MCNs.     

内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术诊断继发性胰腺肿瘤11例分析

评估内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术（endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration,EUS-FNA）诊断继发性胰腺肿瘤的有效性。回顾性分析2015年1月—2020年11月在复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心因胰腺占位性病变行EUS-FNA,且病理证实为继发性胰腺肿瘤的患者资料。统计患者的临床特征,肿瘤EUS表现,病理类型和分布,以及后续治疗及随访情况。11例患者经EUS-FNA最终诊断为继发性胰腺肿瘤,其中肾脏来源4例,肺来源4例,结肠、乳腺、膀胱来源各1例。EUS主要呈均匀低回声表现（10/11）,周围边界不清晰（6/11）。近半数患者(5/11)可在转移灶附近发现淋巴结肿大。转移灶诊断与原发肿瘤发现的时间跨度从6 d至27年不等。EUS-FNA可有效诊断继发性胰腺肿瘤。     

Large mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas associated with pregnancy

Mucinous cystic neoplasms （MCNs） of the pancreas occur mostly in females and are potentially sex hormone-sensitive. However, a MCN occurring during pregnancy is quite rare. A 30-year-old woman in the tenth week of pregnancy was referred to us because of a rapid increase in left hypochondrial distending pain. On ultrasound, the patient had a large intra-abdominal cystic lesion. She was thereafter diagnosed with missed abortion and a computed tomography scan showed that the lesion was a cystic tumor 18 cm in diameter originating from the pancreatic tail. The patient subsequently underwent tumor resection with distal pancreatectomy, sparing the spleen. Histopathological analysis of the specimen revealed a pancreatic MCN with moderate dysplasia. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for both estrogen and progesterone receptors. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pancreatic MCN with moderate dysplasia in association with pregnancy. Our case strongly indicates that pancreatic MCN is female-hormone dependent.