食管支架治疗食管良恶性狭窄：附23例分析

作者总结了采用２７根镍钛合金Ｕｌｔｒａｆｌｅｘ食管支架置入术治疗各种良恶性食管狭窄２３例。其中食管化学烧伤后狭窄１例，食管－胃吻合口狭窄６例，食管和／或贲门癌１６例。将吞咽困难分为０￣３级。２３例中，３级１２例，２级１１例。经治疗后，０级１３例（５６．５２％），１级６级（２６．０８％），２级３例（１３．０４％），３级１例（４．３５％）。其中，２级中的３例治疗前为３级，因此，总有效率为９５．６６％。     

善得定治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血及临床观察

善得定治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血及临床观察４３５００２湖北黄石市第二医院谢祥生吴时胜王海如关键词食管静脉曲张；出血，食管胃底；治疗；善得定中国图书资料分类号Ｒ５７１．３自１９９５年１月～１９９９６年１２月对５４例经胃镜证实为食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血...     

急诊经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞治疗重度肝硬化消化道出血

目的　评价经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞术在重度肝硬化患者急性食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血中的应用价值。方法　 19例食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血肝硬化患者 ,肝功能评价均为ChildC级 ,行急诊经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞治疗。结果　 19例门脉穿刺及曲张静脉栓塞手术均获成功。 18例即刻止血成功 ;1例无效 ,行TIPSS治疗。 1～ 12个月随访期内 ,再出血 14例 ;死亡 15例 ;4例存活。严重合并症 1例 ,为腹腔内出血 ,行开腹探查。结论　对于ChildC级肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者 ,急诊条件下经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞术止血效果肯定 ,当TIPSS禁忌时 ,可为首选治疗方法     

影响经皮经肝食管胃曲张静脉组织胶栓塞术远期疗效因素分析

目的：探讨提高经皮经肝曲张静脉栓塞术（PTVE）治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血远期疗效的相关因素。方法：192例肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张出血的患者,经皮经肝穿刺向食管下段胃底部曲张静脉、食管下段周围静脉丛、胃底贲门周围静脉丛内注入永久性栓塞剂TH胶（a-氰基丙烯酸酯）。结果：192例患者中188例成功施行了PTVE,成功率达97．8％。168例患者随访期6～64月,根据注入的TH胶分布的范围,168例患者分为3种栓塞类型：食管-胃底型82例,胃底型67例,主干型19例,135例患者PTVE后同时施行部分脾动脉栓塞,42例随访中施行了内镜下套扎或硬化治疗。静脉曲张复发率15．5％（26／168）。胃食管栓塞组静脉曲张复发率明显低于胃底贲门型及冠状静脉主干型（P〈0．0001,log-rank test）。随访期间21例患者再出血,总出血率12．5％（21／168）。其中食管胃底型再出血率3．7％（3／82）;胃底型再出血率10．4％（7／67）;主干型再出血率58．1％（11／19）。联合内镜治疗者再出血为2．4％（1／42）,联合脾动脉栓塞组再出血8．9％（12／135）明显低于单纯PTVE治疗的27．3％（9／33）。结论：TH胶栓塞范围与远期疗效密切相关,联合部分脾动脉栓塞和内镜下套扎治疗能明显降低食管胃静脉曲张复发和再出血。     

食管自扩金属内支架治疗良恶性狭窄

目的：评价食管自扩内支架治疗良恶性狭窄的临床疗效，探讨食管支架放置成功的因素。方法：３２例患者放置了自扩金属食管内支架。其中食管—胃吻合口良性狭窄３例，恶性狭窄２９例。食管中、上段狭窄１７例，下段及贲门狭窄１２例。３５枚支架均经口腔在Ｘ线电视及ＤＳＡ监视下置入完成。结果：５例二次放置成功，一次置入成功率８４．４％（２７／３５）。术前吞咽困难４级１９例（５９．４％），３级１３例（４０．６％）。术后吞咽困难３级３例（９．４％），０～２级２９例（９０．６％），总有效率１００％，治疗前后差异显著。结论：食管支架有助于解决吞咽困难，是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

食管静脉曲张内镜下结扎和硬化治疗前瞻性对照研究

１４１例乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血的病人分为两组,治疗结束后两组复查胃镜各为６８例,食管静脉曲张结扎（ＥＶＬ）经和食管静脉硬化治疗（ＥＶＳ）组管静脉曲张消失和基本消失分别为５６例（８２．３％）、６２例（９１．２％）,两组比较差异无显著性意义。并发早期再发出血两组各为７例,ＥＶＬ组死亡３例,ＥＶＳ组无死亡,１年内定期胃镜检查,食管静脉曲经复发ＥＶＬ组复查６６例,复发２６例（３９．４％）,Ｅ     

磁共振相位对比法对肝硬化门脉血流量的测定

目的：探讨磁共振血流测定在肝硬化病人的临床应用。材料与方法：测量了５６例健康人和６１例肝硬化患者的门脉血流量。肝功能依照Ｃｈｉｌｄ－Ｐｕｇｈ计分法分为三级；用钡餐（全部）和胃镜（１４例）将食管静脉曲张分为轻、中和重度。结果：（１）电影相位对比（ｃｉｎｅＰＣ）法测量的４１例正常人空腹门脉血流量呈正态分布，７５％正常人门脉血流量集中在９．５～１６．０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎｋｇ－１之间。１５例餐后测量均显示流量增加。（２）肝硬化患者空腹门脉流量分布复杂，呈低（１８．３％）、中（３１．７％）、高（５０．０％）分布，另有１例返流。（３）门脉血流量在肝功能各Ｃｈｉｌｄ－Ｐｕｇｈ分级间无统计学意义。（４）门脉流量与食管静脉曲张严重程度相一致，并与曲张出血有关。结论：无创性磁共振技术可以用于肝的生理功能检查；进一步前瞻性研究将对肝硬化的治疗和预后提供有决定意义的信息。     

经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉内支架分流术：附22例分析

经颈静脉肝内门－腔静脉内支架分流术（ＴＩＰＳＳ）是用非外科手段治疗肝硬化、门脉高压，胃、食管静脉曲张的新技术，具有创伤小，技术成功率高，并发症少的优点。自１９９３年３月５日以来我们完成了２２例（包括２例急诊ＴＩＰＳＳ），成功率为９５．４５％（２１／２２）。分流道的直径为１０ｍｍ。术后平均门脉压力从术前的４．０４±０．６６ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝１０．２０ｃｍＨ＿２Ｏ）降到２．４４±０．６２ｋＰａ，绝大多数患者腹水吸收，静脉曲张减轻或消失。我们的初步经验：ＴＩＰＳＳ能安全、有效地降低门脉压，控制静脉曲张破裂出血，消除腹水。ＴＩＰＳＳ的长期临床效果有待进一步观察。     

经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化静脉曲张的疗效评价

目的评价经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞术(PTO)在治疗肝硬化静脉曲张的应用价值。方法对56例肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张患者施行PTO治疗,其中35例因急性上消化道出血行急症止血治疗,10例为消化道出血停止后择期栓塞,11例肝硬化伴重度食管静脉曲张行预防性PTO治疗。结果56例患者食管胃底曲张静脉插管、栓塞成功率达100%。35例急性上消化道出血患者,急症栓塞术后均止血成功;11例行预防性PTO治疗病例,术后复查食管静脉曲张7例接近正常,4例静脉曲张程度由重度降为轻度。47例接受2～60个月随访,再出血5例,死亡4例,原因分别为再发消化道出血(1例),肝功能衰竭(1例),合并肝癌(2例)。结论对于肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张患者,PTD是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,值得推广应用。     

国产组织胶内镜下注射联合套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的临床应用

目的探讨国产组织胶内镜下注射联合套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的临床效果。方法24例食管胃底静脉曲张患者。分三种方法治疗：（1）套扎＋组织胶注射1次完成10例;（2）套扎与组织胶注射分次完成10例;（3）采用组织胶直接注射治疗4例。结果4例活动性出血经治疗均即刻止血,成功率100％,10例套扎＋组织胶注射1次完成者,食管和胃底静脉曲张治疗总有效率100％;10例套扎＋组织胶分次完成者,食管静脉曲张治疗总有效率90％,胃底静脉总有效率80％,两组疗效比较无统计学意义;并发症：总发生率12．5％（3／24）,2例注射完拔针后少许出血,1例术后2周排胶出血,经适当处理均止血。结论国产组织胶注射联合套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张和／或出血,近期疗效可靠、操作安全,并发症少而轻。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Temporal changes in the oxidation state in in vitro blood

The rates at which the paramagnetic compounds deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MHb) form in vivo within an area of hemorrhage are unknown. The present experiment establishes the baseline concentrations and rates of change in paramagnetic hemoglobin concentrations, as well as the pH in normal heparinized and clotted human blood maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions over 30 hours. There was a moderate increase in Hb concentration in normal heparinized blood (average increase was 15.5%, rate = 0.50%/hour) and a slight increase in MHb concentration in the heparinized blood and clots (average increase was 1.4%, rate = 0.044%/hour). A second experiment was done to verify the activity of the RBC systems responsible for maintaining the hemoglobin molecule in the reduced state. Conversion of MHb to Hb in these samples proceeded at a rate of 5.6%/hour. In a third experiment, blood from 11 normal subjects maintained at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C was analyzed for MHb concentration over the course of 28 days. The level of MHb formation remained in the range of normal for at least 11 days in all subjects. The authors conclude that at basal conditions created in vitro, the blood levels of both Hb and MHb remain at relatively low levels. Therefore, if the accumulation of Hb and/or MHb occurs in acute in vivo hematomas it must be driven by intrinsic tissue factors.     

Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.     

我国医用辐射防护研究概况

医学放射学技术的迅速发展及介入放射学在临床广泛应用，使更多的人受到电离辐射的照射，同时也促进了医疗照射防护工作的发展。文中重点综述了我国医用辐射防护工作者近年来在Ｘ射线ＣＴ的医疗照射防护、对介入放射学工作者的剂量监测以及应用医疗照射防护体系，降低医疗照射剂量等方面所作出的成绩和研究进展     

新时期军医学院人才培养的思考

在新的历史条件下 ,军医学院迎接未来高技术局部战争的挑战 ,适应部队武器装备的不断更新以及医学科技、社会发展对人才素质提出的新要求 ,必须在更为广阔的时空背景下找准人才培养的着眼点 ,科学确立人才培养方向 ,提高人才培养质量。现就人才培养思考如下 :1　改变教育观念 ,     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。