不同碘营养摄入对哺乳期子代大鼠小脑浦肯野细胞蛋白-2的影响

【目的】探讨不同碘营养摄人对哺乳期子代大鼠小脑浦肯野细胞蛋白-2的影响。【方法】按体质量将4～6周龄健康Wistar雌性大鼠随机分为4组：重度缺碘组、轻度缺碘组、正常碘组和碘过量组。每组大鼠食用低碘鼠粮,饮用含不同IK浓度的自来水,雄鼠按正常组条件饲养,8周后交配,取哺乳期14和28d的仔鼠作为研究对象。砷铈催化分光光度法检测仔鼠的尿碘水平,竞争结合放射免疫分析方法检测甲状腺激素水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测浦肯野细胞蛋白-2mRNA的表达水平,蛋白免疫印迹杂交和免疫组织化学方法检测其蛋白表达水平。【结果】2d龄的子鼠,在重度碘缺乏时,表现为低尿碘和甲状腺功能减退,血TF4水平明显低于正常组,浦肯野细胞蛋白-2的mRNA和蛋白表达也明显低于正常组（P〈0．05）;轻度碘缺乏和碘过量时,TT4水平接近于正常组,浦肯野细胞蛋白-2的mRNA和蛋白表达与正常组相比,有轻度落后趋势,但无显著差异。【结论】哺乳期母鼠严重碘缺乏时,严重影响仔鼠小脑浦肯野细胞蛋白-2的表达,轻度碘缺乏和碘过量影响程度较低,提示哺乳期妇女碘营养状况不可忽视。     

单纯碘过量对雌性大鼠血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的探讨单纯碘过量对雌性大鼠血清甲状腺激素(T3、T4、FT3、FT4和TSH)水平的影响。方法选择成年雌性大鼠40只,随机分为4个组(每组10只):适碘组(NI)、高碘3个组(饮用水加入不同剂量的碘化钾(KI)),大鼠饲养3个月处死后取血离心检测血清甲状腺激素浓度水平。检测结果 EPI6.0双录入,分析用SPSS19.5统计软件。结果高碘组雌性大鼠血清T3、FT3、T4和FT4浓度与适碘组比较有所降低,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05),随着KIO3浓度的升高,各组血清T3、FT3、T4和FT4水平也随之降低;高碘组雌性大鼠血清TSH浓度与适碘组比较有所升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单纯的碘过量是甲状腺疾病的可能致病因素之一,所以因地制宜根据碘缺乏病的监测结果,及时调整盐碘浓度对于防治甲状腺疾病的发生具有重要意义。     

不同碘摄入水平对子代大鼠学习记忆及运动能力的影响

目的 探讨不同碘摄入水平对子代大鼠神经发育行为的影响。方法 断乳2周的SPF级雌性Wistar大鼠150只,按体质量随机分成5组,分别是碘缺乏1组(severe iodine deficiency,SID)、碘缺乏2组(mild iodine deficiency,MID)、适碘对照组(normal iodine,NI)、碘过量1组(mild iodine excess,MIE)和碘过量2组(severe iodine excess,SIE),各组饮水碘酸钾浓度依次为0、50、183、2283和11617μg/L,干预3个月,对子代进行Morris水迷宫实验、平衡木实验、钢丝夹持实验、转棒实验。结果 5个剂量组子代大鼠平衡木通过时间及在平衡木上发生打滑次数、在钢丝上的悬挂时间比较差异有统计学意义(F=2.640,χ²=11.873,F=3.178,P<0.05),均表现出适碘对照组子代大鼠具有较强的运动能力;定位巡航实验发现,第2天和第3天各剂量组子代大鼠逃避潜伏期时间均比NI组长(P<0.05)。空间探索实验显示,SID组和SIE组较NI组有效区域运动时间有所延长(P<0.05),各组均比NI组穿过平台的次数少(P<0.05)。结论 孕期不同程度的碘缺乏和碘过量均会损伤子代大鼠的学习记忆及运动能力。     

富碘中药复方与碘过量对碘缺乏NOD.H-2h4小鼠心、肾2型脱碘酶mRNA表达的影响

目的:研究富碘中药复方及碘过量对于碘缺乏NOD.H-2h4小鼠心、肾2型脱碘酶(D2)mRNA表达的影响。方法:选雌性8周龄NOD.H-2h4小鼠,给予双蒸水及低碘饲料喂养90d后制成碘缺乏自身免疫性甲状腺炎易感的甲状腺肿模型。随机分为正常对照组(NC)、低碘组(LI)、碘过量组(IE)(碘酸钾配制的含碘1900μg/L的去离子水)、富碘中药复方组(HIE)(海藻15g、昆布15g、海带7.5g,碘含量1900.36μg/L)。给予处理因素90d后处死。应用放射免疫RIA法测小鼠血清总T3(TT3)、总T4(TT4)。IRMA法测定小鼠血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)。光镜观察甲状腺组织细胞形态。应用实时定量RT-PCR法测定小鼠心、肾D2mRNA的表达情况。结果:给予处理因素90d后,各组间血清TT3,TT4及TSH值比较均未见明显差异(P>0.05)。NC、LI、IE与HIE组小鼠自身免疫性甲状腺炎的发生率分别为:2/10、0/10、9/10、3/10。小鼠心D2mRNA的表达,LI组(1.76±0.34)与NC组(1.02±0.25)相比有明显的升高趋势(P<0.01),IE组(1.42±0.33)的表达显著高于HIE组(0.76±0.32)的表达(P<0.05);小鼠肾D2mRNA的表达,IE组(4.07±0.88)较HIE组(1.91±0.62)升高趋势明显(P<0.01)。结论:摄碘量相同的情况下,单纯碘过量可致NOD.H-2h4小鼠心、肾D2表达增加,富碘中药复方亦可致小鼠肾D2表达增加,小鼠心中未见此变化。     

饮水中高碘高氟对8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿与氟斑牙流行影响研究

目的探讨高碘高氟对儿童甲状腺肿与氟斑牙的影响及特点。方法对黄泛区水源性高碘高氟和高氟适碘区(研究组)、低氟适碘区(对照组)全部8～10岁儿童共3053名进行甲状腺肿、氟斑牙检测。结果甲状腺肿检出率:高碘高氟组(15.41%)高于高氟适碘组(10.02%),2=14.678,P<0.01)。两组均高于适碘低氟组(5.19%),分别为2=48.729,P<0.01;2=15.599,P<0.01。氟斑牙检出率:研究组间高碘高氟组(52.84%)与高氟适碘组(49.05%)无差异,2=3.155,P>0.05,但均高于对照组(5.68%),分别为2=463.237,P<0.01;2=432.845,P<0.01。结论高氟高碘对甲状腺肿的发生具有叠加、协同效应;对氟斑牙的形成,高碘与高氟无叠加协同效应。     

高胆固醇血症大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位时程的变化

目的:观察高胆固醇血症大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位(APD)时程的变化.方法:应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录高胆固醇大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位的变化.结果:高胆固醇血症组血清TC含量从1.34 ± 0.22mmol/L增至7.58±1.55mmol/L(P<0.01 n=5).高胆固醇血症大鼠单个心室肌细胞APD50( 116.2±15.4ms)明显高于正常组大鼠APD5070.8±18.1ms (n=5,p<0.01), 高胆固醇血症组APD90(144.0±16.50ms)明显高于正常组(95.1±16.2ms)(n=5, p<0.01);结论:高胆固醇血症大鼠动作电位时程明显延长,动作电位时程延长易发生早后除极和迟后除极.     

壬基酚对雄性仔代学习记忆和海马超微结构的影响

目的 探讨母体壬基酚暴露对后代学习记忆的影响.方法 受试雌鼠与雄鼠同笼,见阴栓确定受孕后分组试验:将SD大鼠随机分为4组(对照组、50mg/kg、100mg/kg、200mg/kg壬基酚组),每组6～7只,妊娠第9～15天灌胃壬基酚.用Morris水迷宫和跳台的方法观察壬基酚对仔鼠学习记忆的影响;海马组织透射电镜观察其病理变化.结果 NP200mg/kg组仔鼠水迷宫中逃避潜伏期延长(61.14±5.92)s,错误次数增加(4.57±1.13)次;跳台实验中反应时间延长(37.5±6.3)s,步下潜伏期缩短(97.8±11.0)s,错误次数增加(3.0±1.4)次,阴性对照组分别为(35.85±4.29)s,(2.57±0.97)次,(27.1±3.8)s,(172.0±89.2)s,(0.9±0.7)次)],与对照组比较,差异具有显著性(P<0.05).NP200mg/kg剂量组仔鼠海马组织电镜下见线粒体肿胀呈空泡样变,染色质浓缩成块状聚集在核周围.结论 壬基酚官内暴露可导致仔鼠空间学习记忆障碍和海马超微结构改变.     

加味青麟丸对老龄大鼠学习记忆和体质量的影响

目的 观察加味青麟丸对老龄大鼠体质量和学习记忆能力的影响.方法 选用Wistar大鼠120只,随机分为6组:4月龄空白对照组(4C组)、14月龄空白对照组(14C组)、14月龄加味青麟丸组(14JL组)、24月龄空白对照组(24C组)、24月龄加味青麟丸组(24JL组)和14～24月龄加味青麟丸组(14～24JL组),每组各20只,雌雄各半.各组均按实验设计要求分别喂养后,比较各组大鼠的一般情况及体质量,采用跳台实验检测各组大鼠学习、记忆能力.结果 14JL组与14C组比较差异有显著性:大鼠体质量增长慢[(315.28±20.35)g,(335.90±15.08)g,P<0.01],跳台实验中遭受电击次数少(P<0.01),电击持续时间短(P<0.01),电击后的潜伏期长[(70.55±19.76)s,(52.60±20.49)s,P<0.01];14-24JL组、24JL组与24C组比较差异有显著性:大鼠体质量增长慢[(446.12±22.34)g,(448.98±30.63)g,(487.18±26.70)g,P<0.01],跳台实验中遭受电击次数少(P<0.01),电击持续时间短(P<0.01),电击后的潜伏期长[(68.35±20.20)s,(61.15±22.14)s,(26.61±18.24)s,P<0.01].结论 加味青麟丸具有提高学习记忆能力、延缓衰老的作用.     

慢性碘过量对Wistar大鼠甲状腺细胞死亡及细胞周期的影响

目的 探讨慢性碘超足量和碘过量对Wistar大鼠甲状腺细胞死亡和细胞周期的影响.方法 将Wistar大鼠按日摄碘量分为对照组(碘适量组,4μg/d)、1.5倍组(碘超足量组,6μg/d)、3倍组(3倍碘过量组,12μg/d)和6倍组(6倍碘过量组,24μg/d).各组大鼠分别于实验0、1、2、4、8个月处死,采用砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘浓度,应用碘化丙锭染色流式细胞术测定细胞死亡率和细胞周期.结果 3倍组和6倍组在4个月和8个月时,甲状腺细胞死亡率升高(17.4%vs 9.8%,P<0.05),S期细胞比例升高(5%～6%vs 3%,P<0.05),G_0G_1期细胞数显著下降(64%～67%vs 80%,P<0.05).尿碘浓度与细胞死亡率、S%显著正相关(r=0.673,r=0.505,P均<0.01),与G_0G_1%显著负相关(r=-0.639,P<0.01).结论 慢性碘过量增加甲状腺细胞的死亡率,并影响G_0G_1期和S期细胞比例.     

碘缺乏和碘过量对大鼠心肌组织结构和电活动的影响

目的:观察长期碘缺乏和碘过量对大鼠心肌组织结构和电活动的影响. 方法:90只Wistar大鼠随机分为低碘(LI)饮食、适碘(NI)饮食和5,10,50,100倍高碘(HI)饮食6个组,每组15只. 饲养6 mo. 测定大鼠尿碘中位数,血清甲状腺激素(TH)水平,记录大鼠心电图,心脏脏器指数,光镜下观察左心室心肌的病理改变. 结果:与NI组相比,LI组尿碘始终低于2 μg/L,而NI组为345 μg/L,碘的排泄量维持在极低的水平,血清TT4, FT4, TT3, FT3分别降至(14.88±5.34) nmol/L, (0.10±0.07) pmol/L, (1.10±0.25) nmol/L, (2.10±0.55) pmol/L,而NI组TT4, FT4, TT3, FT3分别为(54.97±11.21) nmol/L,(30.11±4.20) pmol/L, (1.34±0.27) nmol/L,(5.47±1.21) pmol/L,两组差别有统计学意义(P＜0.01). 心脏脏器指数增至(0.48±0.04) g/100 g,较NI组的(0.38±0.02) g/100 g,差别有统计学意义(P＜0.01);基本病理改变为左室心腔扩大,室壁变薄,心肌变性和局灶性坏死. 各HI组大鼠尿碘水平显著增加,增加的幅度与碘摄入量的倍数基本平行;血清TH水平较NI组有下降趋势,10,50和100 HI组血清TT3分别为(1.10±0.15) nmol/L,(1.10±0.15) nmol/L,(1.18±0.15) nmol/L与NI组(1.34±0.27) nmol/L比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01, P＜0.01和P＜0.05). 10,50 HI组血清TT4分别为(45.60±9.85) nmol/L,(45.86±9.79) nmol/L与NI组(54.97±11.21) nmol/L比较也有降低(P＜0.05). 心电图各波段、心脏脏器指数与NI组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 各HI组大鼠心脏的大体形态与正常组无明显差别,5和100 HI组大鼠心脏有局灶性间质纤维化. 结论:碘缺乏和碘过量均导致健康Wistar大鼠甲状腺机能低减(甲减),进而影响心肌的组织结构和电活动.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.