二代双源CT对冠状动脉支架的显示及辐射剂量的研究

目的 对比分析二代双源CT前瞻性心电触发高螺距螺旋扫描模式(Flash模式)和回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描模式(常规模式)下冠状动脉支架的显示质量和辐射剂量.方法 常规模式和Flash模式下共计120例患者的155个冠状动脉植入支架纳入本研究,平均年龄(64.9±10.6)岁,所有患者的心率均控制在≤65次/min,且心律规则.所有患者分成两组,分别接受Flash模式和常规模式的冠状动脉成像.冠状动脉原始图像均进行Kernel B26和Kernel B46的数据重建,并由两位医师对支架的显示质量进行独立的4级评分.两种模式下的冠状动脉显示质量利用卡方检验进行统计分析,而不同冠状动脉扫描模式下的容积CT剂量指数值(CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积值(DLP),利用t检验进行辐射剂量的对比研究.结果 2位医师对所有冠状动脉支架显示质量的评分具有较好的一致性(Kappa=0.764,P＜0.001),Flash模式和常规模式的平均评分分别为:1.61±0.77和1.65±0.82.两种冠状动脉扫描模式的图像质量差异无统计学意义(x2=0.865,P=0.834).Flash模式的CTDIvol(3.24±1.21)明显低于常规模式(31.26±10.79),差异有统计学意义(t=19.83,P<0.001);Flash模式的DLP(54.61±19.88)同样低于常规模式(468.30±174.88),差异有统计学意义(t=18.06,P＜0.001).结论 控制患者心率≤65次/min且心律规则,Flash模式在降低辐射剂量的前提下可获得与常规模式相同质量的冠状动脉支架图像.

Abstract：

Objective To compare a prospective ECG-gated high-pitch spiral technique (Flash) and conventional retrospective ECG-gated spiral technique for the image quality of coronary artery stent and radiation dose with a dual source CT.Methods One hundred and fifty five coronary stents in one hundred and twenty patients (mean age 64.9 ± 10.6 years,heart rates≤65 bpm) were examined using a dual source CT.All patients were divided in two groups,receiving either Flash or conventional coronary artery CT angiography separately.After images of coronary artery were reconstructed using both the smooth (B26) and sharp (B46) kernel,the coronary stent image quality and stent lumen were scored by two observers individually using four point scale (1 = excellent,4 = unvaluable) .The effective radiation dose of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol,mGy) and dose length product (DLP,mGy x cm) were also calculated for each patient.x2-test analysis of image quality and t-test analysis of radiation dose were used respectively for statistical difference between two groups.Results Interobserver agreement for stent image quality was good (Kappa =0.764,P＜0.001).The mean scores were 1.61 ±0.77 and 1.65 ±0.82 in Flash group and conventional group respectively.There was no significant difference in image quality between the two groups (x2 = 0.865,P = 0.834).The effective radiation dose in Flash group was significantly lower than that in conventional group.The mean values of CTDIvol were 3.24 ± 1.21 in Flash group and 31.26 ± 10.79 in conventional group (t = 19.83,P < 0.001) ,and the mean values of DLP in Flash group and conventional group were 54.61 ±19.88 and 468.30 ± 174.88,respectively (t = 18.06,P < 0.001).Conclusions Compared with the conventiaonal coronary artery CT angiography,the Flash coronary artery CT angiography technique has a similar coronary stent image quality,but at a lower radiation dose in patients with heart rates lower than 65 beats per minute.     

双源CT前瞻性心电门控扫描在急性胸痛诊断中的临床应用

目的 探讨双源CT(DSCT)前瞻性心电门控扫描在急性胸痛诊断中的临床应用,并比较前瞻性心电门控与回顾性心电门控2种扫描技术的图像质量和辐射剂量.方法 连续搜集30例[A组,平均心率≥85次/min(bpm)]临床症状表现为急性胸痛并行DSCT前瞻性心电门控心胸联合血管成像的患者,连续搜集30例(B组,所有患者平均心率≥85 bpm)表现为急性胸痛行DSCT回顾性心电门控扫描的患者.对2组患者的冠状动脉、肺动脉及主动脉分别进行靶重组,评价2组图像质量,并对疾病进行诊断;应用x2检验和两独立样本t检验比较2组患者的图像质量和有效剂量.结果 A、B组可评价冠状动脉节段比例分别为98.44%(379/385)和98.48%(390/396),差异无统计学意义(x2=0.002,P=0.961);A、B组间图像噪声[分别为(16.23±5.75)、(16.31±3.32)HU]、信噪比(分别为26.85±9.94、24.78±9.91)及对比度噪声比(分别为20.99±9.31、18.65±8.72)差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.069、0.908、1.224,P值均＞0.05);A、B 2组有效剂量分别为(8.37±2.69)和(20.05±5.52)mSv,差异有统计学意义(t=9.401,P=0.000).结论 DSCT前瞻性心电门控心胸联合血管成像可以获得与回顾性心电门控扫描相似的图像质量,且辐射剂量降低.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the application of prospective ECG-gated dual source CT (DSCT) in patients with acute chest pain, and compare it's image quality and radiation dose with those of retrospective ECG-gated spiral scan. Methods Thirty consecutive patients (Group A, average HR ≥85 bpm) with acute chest pain were scanned with prospective ECG-gated scan and another 30 consecutive patients (Group B, average HR ≥85 bpm)were analyzed by retrospective ECG-gated scan. Tube voltage and tube current were adapted by the BMI of patients. MPR, MIP, CPR and VR were used to display pulmonary arteries (PA), thoracic aorta and coronary arteries (CA). Image quality as well as radiation dose were assessed in 2 groups. Qualitative image quality was compared with chi-square test between the two groups,while quantitative image quality [the image noise ( IN ), signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)] and radiation dose were evaluated with x2 test and Student's t test. Results The proportion of valid coronary segments for diagnosis were 379/385 ( 98. 44% ) and 390/396 ( 98.48% ) respectively in Group A and Group B with no significant difference(x2 =0. 002,P =0. 961 ). The IN [( 16. 23 ±5.75)vs ( 16. 31 ±3. 32) HU] ,SNR (26. 85 ±9. 94 vs 24. 78 ±9. 91 ) and CNR (20. 99 ±9. 31 vs 18. 65 ±8. 72)showed no significant differences between 2 groups ( t = 0. 069,0. 908 and 1. 224, P ＞ 0. 05, respectively).The ED was on average ( 8. 37 ± 2. 69 ) mSv in Group A, whereas on average ( 20. 05 ± 5.52 ) mSv in Group B. There was a statistical difference between 2 groups ( t = 9. 401, P = 0. 000). Conclusion Low dose prospective ECG-gated DSCT angiography can show similar image quality as retrospective ECG-gated spiral scan with radiation dose.     

中低心率患者在双源CT低管电压冠状动脉成像中的图像质量及辐射剂量

目的 探讨中低心率对双源CT低管电压冠状动脉成像的图像质量及辐射剂量的影响.方法 对85例体质量指数(BMI)为17.51～30.00 kg/m2、心率在91次/min(bpm)以下的可疑冠心病患者进行双源CT低管电压(100 kVp)回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像增强扫描,检查前不使用β受体阻滞剂控制心率.按患者扫描时的心率进行分组,≤59 bpm为A组(27例),60～69 bpm为B组(29例),≥70 bpm为C组(29例).评价各组的最佳重建时相图像,记录各组的增强扫描序列的螺距、CT容积剂量指数(CTDvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(ED)值.应用单因素方差分析比较3组患者的扫描螺距、图像质量评分和辐射剂量值等.分析心率对冠状动脉成像图像质量及辐射剂量的影响.结果 A、B、C组螺距分别为0.241±0.025、0.286±0.034、0.335±0.036;3组图像质量评分分别为(4.78±0.26)、(4.66±0.56)、(4.70±0.46)分;CTDIvol值分别为(18.06±5.16)、(19.62±7.15)和(17.50±7.13)mGy,ED值分别为(4.23±1.16)、(4.59±1.75)、(4.12±1.39)mSv.3组的螺距差异有统计学意义(F=60.00,P=0.00);3组间的图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(F=0.53,P=0.59);3组间CTDIvol差异无统计学意义(F=0.83,P=0.44),ED差异也无统计学意义(F=0.86,P=0.43).结论 中低心率对双源CT低管电压冠状动脉成像的图像质量影响很小,在自动心电门控剂量窗时,对辐射剂量的影响也很小.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the imaging quality and radiation doses of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography at a low tube voltage in patients with medium and low heart rate.Methods Eighty-five patients[heart rate (HR) ＜ 91 beats per minute (bpm); body mass index (BMI) 17. 51-30. 00 kg/m2]suspected of coronary artery disease received retrospectively ECG-gating coronary angiography with dual-source CT scanner (Somatom Definition, Siemens) at a tube voltage of 100 kVp. For all patients, no beta-blocker was used before CT scan. According to the HR, the patients were divided into three groups: Group A, HR ≤ 59 bpm, n = 27; Group B, HR 60-69 bpm, n = 29; Group C,HR ≥70 bpm, n = 29. All images were transferred to a workstation for postprocessing. The best R-R interval reconstruction images of all groups were evaluated. The value of pitch, CT volume dosage index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP)and effective dose (ED)were recorded. The pitch, the score of imaging quality of coronary artery segments and the radiation dose were compared with one-way ANOVA. The influence of HR on image quality and radiation doses of coronary artery was analyzed. Results The value of pitch in Group A, Group B and Group C was 0. 241 ± 0. 025, 0. 286 ± 0. 034 and 0. 335 ± 0. 036,respectively. The mean score of imaging quality of coronary artery segments in Group A, Group B and Group C was 4. 78 ± 0. 26, 4. 66 ± 0. 56 and 4. 70 ± 0. 46, respectively. The value of CTDIvol in Group A,Group B and Group C was (18.06 ±5. 16), (19. 62 ±7. 15) and (17. 50 ±7. 13) mGy, respectively. The value of ED in group A, Group B and Group C was (4.23 ± 1.76), (4.59 ± 1.75) and (4.12 ±1.39) mSv, respectively. There was statistical difference in value of pitch among the three groups (F =60. 00, P= 0. 00). There were no statistical difference in score of imaging quality, CTDIvol and value of ED among the three groups (F = 0. 53, P = 0. 59; F = 0. 83, P = 0. 44 ; F = 0. 86, P = 0. 43). Conclusion Medium and low HR have little influences on image quality of dual-source CT coronary angiography at a low tube voltage. When the auto ECG-gating is selected, there is little influence on radiation dosage as well.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

CARE技术在128层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影中的应用

目的：探讨CARE技术即自动综合选择管电压（CAREkV）和四维实时剂量调节CAREDose4D技术对冠脉CTA辐射剂量和图像质量的影响。方法将78例患者随机分成两组,采用西门子64排128层DefinitionAS螺旋CT机行回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描。A组41例,由CAREkV选择输出管电压;B组37例,管电压人为设定120kVp。两组均采用CAREDose4D技术,其他扫描参数两组相同。应用t检验比较两组CT容积剂量指数（CTDIvol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）、有效辐射剂量（ED）、图像质量评分、信噪比（SNR）和对比噪声比（CNR）,P＜0．05认为有统计学差异。结果A和B两组CTDIvol分别为（17．15±10．87）mGy和（29．97±7．80）mGy;DLP分别为（261．43±176．49）mGy×cm和（469．61±119．66）mGy×cm;ED分别为（3．62±2．98）mSv和（6．58±2．03）mSv,两组间CTDIvol、DLP和ED值差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,且A组ED降低44．98％。A和B两组图像质量评分分别为（3．58±0．27）和（3．63±0．31）,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;主动脉根部管腔的SNR分别为（18．14±4．27）和（17．96±3．37）,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;A组RCA和LM近端管腔的CNR分别为（23．07±8．89）和（27．26±9．57）,B组分别为（17．23±7．35）和（21．27±8．43）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,A组CNR大于B组。结论应用于冠状动脉造影的CARE技术,在保证图像质量的同时,可降低受检者44．98％的有效辐射剂量,具有临床意义。     

70kV管电压在头颅CT血管成像中的可行性

目的：探讨70 kV管电压在头颅CT血管成像中的可行性。方法：80例临床疑似脑血管疾病的患者随机分成2组,其中40例患者行新双源 CT 70kV 头颅 CT 血管成像（70kV 组）,另40例患者行120 kV 头颅 CT 血管成像（120 kV组）。测量每例患者颈内动脉、大脑中动脉CT 值,计算信噪比（SNR）和对比噪声比（CNR）。两名放射医师对所有病例以4分法对图像质量进行评分。计算有效剂量（ED）。比较两组间的图像质量及辐射剂量。结果：70 kV组颈内动脉及大脑中动脉的平均CT值[（511．1±93．8）HU,（459．1±83．4）HU]高于120 kV 组的 CT 值[（289．1±46．6）HU,（260．9±43．4）HU,P＜0．001]。70 kV 组图像噪声[（18．3±2．1）HU]高于120 kV 组[（8．7±1．0）HU,P＜0．001],70 kV组的SNR颈内动脉,CNR颈内动脉及SNR大脑中动脉,CNR 大脑中动脉（28．3±6．1,26．2±5．9及25．4±5．3,23．3±5．2）低于120 kV组（33．9±7．5,30．1±7．1及30．7±7．4,26．9±6．9,P＜0．05）。70 kV组的主观评分（3．5±0．7）与120 kV组（3．6±0．5,P＝0．22）无显著性差异;两组读者间一致性为中等（kappa值＝0．54,0．59,P＜0．001）。70 kV组与120 kV组ED分别为（0．2±0．0）、（1．2±0．1）mSv（P＜0．001）,辐射量降低了80％。结论：70 kV管电压在头颅CT血管成像中是可行的,能在降低辐射量的同时保持足够的图像质量。     

多层螺旋CT低剂量扫描技术在甲状腺增强扫描中的临床应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋 CT 低剂量扫描技术在甲状腺增强扫描中的临床应用价值。方法80例患者随机分为4组(每组各20例),4组分别为：A 组,120 kV、180 mA;B 组,120 kV、100 mA;C 组,100 kV、180 mA;D 组,100 kV、100 mA。主观评价图像质量并评分,统计甲状腺 CT 值、图像背景噪声(N)、图像信噪比(SNR)、CT 剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效辐射剂量(ED)并进行对比分析。结果4组图像主观评分为3.90±0.31、3.75±0.44、3.70±0.47、3.60±0.60,SNR 为26.34±3.13、25.08±1.87、25.86±2.38、24.87±2.20,四者无统计学差异(P >0.05);甲状腺 CT 值为(168.55±13.39)HU、(170.70±11.34)HU、(185.20±22.35)HU、(190.55±21.38)HU,N 为(6.48±0.84)HU、(6.83±0.45)HU、(7.19±0.86)HU、(7.66±1.01)HU, CTDIvol 为(10.95±0.00)mGy、(6.08±0.00)mGy、(6.59±0.00)mGy、(3.66±0.00)mGy,DLP 为(145.67±8.79)mGy·cm、(84.58±4.94)mGy·cm、(89.86±3.26)mGy·cm、(50.20±1.89)mGy·cm,ED 为(0.73±0.04)mSv、(0.42±0.03)mSv、(0.45±0.03)mSv、(0.25±0.01)mSv,四者有统计学差异(P <0.05)。结论多层螺旋 CT 低剂量扫描技术既能保证图像质量又能有效降低甲状腺增强 CT 检查的辐射剂量。     

双源CT低辐射剂量冠状动脉成像的初步研究

目的:探讨双源CT(DSCT)低剂量冠状动脉成像在较大体重质量指数(BMI)范围中的临床应用价值。方法:将BMI在17.51~30.00之间的可疑冠心病患者随机分为两组:A组(低辐射剂量组)95例,依据体重指数再将其分为三组(BMI<18.5,18.5≤BMI<24和24≤BMI),采用100kVp,参考毫安320mAs扫描;B组(常规辐射剂量组)69例,采用120kVp,参考毫安360mAs扫描,其他参数两组相同。两组均使用回顾性心电门控和CareDose4D技术进行DSCT(Somatom Definition,西门子)冠状动脉成像增强检查,检查前均不使用受体阻滞剂控制心率。所有扫描数据传送到西门子独立图像后处理工作站进行进一步处理。分析A、B两组最佳的重建时相图像,由2名副主任医师独立评估图像质量。记录并计算CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(ED)值。利用单因素方差分析比较A组中三组图像质量是否存在差别。应用χ2检验比较A、B两组患者冠状动脉分级显示段数,应用两独立样本t检验比较A、B两组患者图像质量评分、CTDIvol、DLP和ED等。结果:A组中的三组图像评分为4.67±0.53、4.72±0.42、4.51±0.57;三组图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(F=1.39,P=0.25)。A组评价1298段冠状动脉,B组评价934段冠状动脉。图像质量评为优良的A组占99.31%,B组占99.79%,两组显示差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.54,P=0.11);可诊断图像节段数A组占99.69%,B组占99.89%,两组显示差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.98,P=0.32)。A、B两组图像质量评分分别为4.69±0.47、4.81±0.35分;CTDIvol值分别为18.53±7.55、45.85±15.49;DLP值分别为253.31±97.78、645.10±254.00;ED值分别为4.31±1.66、10.97±4.32。A、B两组间的图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(t=-1.70,P=0.09),A、B两组CTDIvol差异有统计学意义(t=-14.93,P=0),A组小于B组;A、B两组间DLP差异有统计学意义(t=-13.71,P=0),A组小于B组,A、B两组的ED差异有统计学意义(t=-13.71,P=0),A组小于B组。结论:双源CT低剂量冠状动脉成像在较大的BMI范围具有很好的图像质量,可以降低辐射剂量,具有广泛的临床应用价值。     

双源双能量不同管电压CT肺动脉成像质量的对比研究

目的 定量评价双源双能量CT不同管电压条件下肺动脉及肺动脉栓子显示情况,优选肺栓塞检测的管电压条件.方法 66例临床拟诊肺栓塞的患者中37例经多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)诊断为肺栓塞.对66例患者进行对比增强双源双能量CT肺动脉成像,获得80 kVp(Ⅰ组)、平均加权120 kVp(Ⅱ组)、140kVp(Ⅲ组)3组图像.分别测量3组肺动脉1～4级分支、栓子及背部肌肉的CT值,并计算信噪比(SNR)及对比噪声比(CNR).应用单因素方差分析或多个相关样本Friedman检验,分析3组的CT值、SNR及CNR值是否有统计学差异.利用kappa检验分析2名医师分析不同管电压条件下CTPA图像质量的一致性.结果 Ⅰ组1～4级分支平均CT值为(446±140)、(433±130)、(411±138)、( 392±127) HU.Ⅱ组1～4级分支平均CT值为(303±91)、(290±85)、(276±86)、(263±85) HU.Ⅲ组1～4级分支平均CT值为(244±70)、(230±63)、(216±72)、(205±68) HU.3组肺动脉1～4级分支的CT值差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01),组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01),Ⅰ组图像的平均CT值均高于Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组.37例CT检查诊断为肺栓塞患者定量分析结果显示,3组栓子CNR值分别为8.3±3.3、8.0±2.9、5.6±2.2.3组间CNR比较有统计学差异(P＜0.01);Ⅰ与Ⅱ组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Ⅰ与Ⅲ、Ⅱ与Ⅲ组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).3组CTPA图像质量差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),2名医师的评价结果经kappa检验,Ⅰ组图像质量一致性(kappa值=0.789,P＜0.01)高于Ⅱ组(kappa值=0.652,P＜0.01)和Ⅲ组(kappa值=0.509,P＜0.01).结论 80 kVp图像的平均CT值高于平均加权120 kVp及140kVp图像,其图像质量及CNR值与平均加权120 kVp图像相当,可用于临床可疑肺栓塞患者CT肺动脉成像的检查中.     

70kVp管电压和30mL对比剂的前瞻性心电门控触发大螺距CT冠状动脉成像

目的：联合前瞻性心电门控及大螺距技术,探讨70 kVp管电压、30 mL对比剂CT冠状动脉成像（CTCA）的可行性。方法：将80例体质指数≤25 kg/m^2、心率≤70次/分行 CTCA 的患者随机分为两组,其中40例患者采用100 kVp,60 mL对比剂的扫描方案行CTCA检查,另40例患者采用70 kVp,30 mL对比剂的扫描方案行CTCA检查。所有CTCA检查都在前瞻性心电门控及大螺距（3．4）模式下进行。100 kVp 组数据采用滤波反投影重建算法进行重建,而70 kVp组数据采用迭代重建算法进行重建。测量每例患者主动脉根部、各冠状动脉起始处部及纵膈脂肪CT值和标准差并计算各段血管的信噪比（SNR）和对比噪声比（CNR）。两名放射科医师对所有图像以4分法进行评分。比较两组图像质量及辐射剂量。结果：70 kVp组的平均冠状动脉CT值[（603±86）HU]及图像噪声[（42±5）HU]均明显高于100 kVp组的平均冠状动脉CT值[（503±68）HU,P＜0．001]及图像噪声[（25±4）HU,P＜0．01],而70 kVp 组的SNR 及CNR （14．6±3．0,17．8±3．4）均明显低于100 kVp组（20．7±3．8,24．4±4．1,P＜0．001）。两组间各冠状动脉主观图像质量评分无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。70 kVp 组患者所接受的辐射剂量比100 kVp 组降低了76％,对比剂用量降低了50％。结论：联合前瞻性心电门控、大螺距及迭代重建技术,70 kVp管电压、30 mL对比剂CTCA在体质量指数≤25 kg/m^2、心率≤70次/分的患者中是可行的,可在大幅度降低辐射剂量及对比剂用量的条件下获得满足诊断的图像质量。     

100kVp条件下碘克沙醇(270mgI/mL)应用于肾动脉CTA检查的可行性研究

目的：探讨100kVp条件下、使用碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）行肾动脉CTA检查的可行性。方法：18例行肾动脉CTA检查的连续病例根据CT扫描管电压分为两组：100kVp组（10例）和120kVp组（6例）,记录2组的容积CT剂量指数（CTDIv01）,计算体型特异性剂量估计（SSDE）值。由2位有经验的影像诊断医师对图像进行主观评分,包括：整体图像质量、图像细节（血管锐利程度、MPR显示分支、VR显示分支、MIP显示分支）。图像客观评价包括：目标血管和背景的CT值（腹主动脉动脉、双侧肾动脉、竖脊肌）,对比噪声比（CNR）及信噪比（SNR）。两组间辐射剂量及客观评价指标的比较采用两独立样本t检验,主观评价指标的比较采用Mann-WhitneyU检验。结果：100kVp组CTDIv01为（11．19±3．85）mGy,120kVp组为（17．37±2．63）mGy,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。100kVp组SSDE为（15．48±4．41）mGy,120kVP组为（25．00±2．49）mGy,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。主观评价：两组图像质量整体评分的差异无统计学意义（Z=-1．60,P〉0．05）;两组图像血管锐利程度评分的差异有统计学意义（Z=-2．162,P〈0．05）;两组中重组图像在显示血管分支方面,MPR（Z=-0．972,P〉0．05）、VR（Z=-1．696,P〉0．05）和MIP图像（Z=-1．626,P〉0．05）间的差异均无统计学意义。客观评价：100kVp组腹主动脉CT值为（291±32）HU,120kVp组为（224±20）HU,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;100kVP组肾动脉CT值为（278±37）HU,120kVp组为（222±15）HU,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;空气CT值及标准差在100kVp组分别为（-992±2）和（9±2）HU,120kVp组分别为（-995±2）和（7±2）HU,两组间2个指标的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组图像的CNR分别为22±4及21±3,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组图像的SNR分别为30±7及30±6,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：100kVP条件下应用碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）行肾动脉CTA检查,图像质量能满足诊断要求且降低了辐射剂量。     

小儿心脏大血管CTA低kVp扫描的应用价值

目的 探讨低kVp扫描技术在小儿心脏大血管CTA检查中降低辐射剂量的价值.方法 选取小儿先天性心脏病CTA检查病例39例分为两组,A组24例,B组1 5例.A组使用常规kVp 120,B组使用低kVp 90.记录两组病例扫描时机器自动显示的扫描长度（L）、容积CT剂量指数（CTDIvol）及剂量长度乘积（DLP）.测量并计算左心房中部水平胸主动脉信噪比（SNR）、对比噪声比（CNR）以客观评价图像质量;双盲法主观评价心脏大血管后重组图像对肺动脉六分支的显示情况并给予优、良、差分级.对L、CTDIvol、DLP、E值、SNR及CNR进行t检验,主观图像质量评价采用x2检验.结果 A组和B组L分别为（10.40±1.97）cm和（9.54±1.72）cm,两组比较无统计学差异（P=0.169）.A组和B组的CTDIvol分别为（11.6±0）mGy和（5.0±0）mGy,DLP为（120.67±22.55）mGy·cm和（47.68±8.61）mGy·cm,两组比较均有统计学差异（P＜o.0001）,B组比A组分别降低56.9％、60.5％.A组和B组SNR分别为（41.86±12.05）和（42.11±7.83）（P=0.944）,CNR分别为（33.15±10.82）和（33.75±6.76）（P=0.850）,两组比较无统计学差异.A组和B组的图像质量主观评判诊断满意率均达1oo％,统计学比较无差异.结论 小儿心脏大血管CTA检查使用低kVp扫描技术可以较大幅度降低辐射剂量,且不影响图像质量,具有较大的临床应用价值.     

能谱CT双低剂量在下肢动脉CTA中的应用研究

目的：探讨使用低管电压和低浓度对比剂对下肢动脉CTA检查的图像质量和辐射剂量的影响。方法：行下肢动脉CTA的连续80例患者,随机分成两组,每组各40例。A组：管电压100kVp,对比剂使用威视派克（270mgI／mL）;B组：管电压120kVp,对比剂为欧乃派克（350mgI／mL）。图像重建使用自适应统计迭代算法（ASiR）。两组其它扫描参数相同。测量和计算图像最佳对比噪声比（CNR）,噪声值（SD）和多处下肢动脉CT值的均值,计算每例患者的辐射剂量（ED）及平均碘摄入量（mgI／kg）,由两位放射医师采用4分法评估图像质量,对2组间的上述指标进行统计学分析。结果：A组图像的CNR（15．23±2．10）高于B组（13．42±1．93）,差异有高度统计学意义（t=4．02,P％0．001）。A组的图像噪声和图像质量评分分别为（9．45±1.04）HU和（3．64±0．49）分,B组为（9．38±0．97）HU和（3．52±0．48）分,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。A组下肢动脉平均CT值为（446．5±30．3）HU,高于B组的（375．1±24．6）HU,差异有高度统计学意义（t=11．57,P〈0．001）。A组辐射剂量[（13．25±2．08）mSv]明显低于B组[（22．43±3．67）mSv],降低约40％（t=13．2,P〈0．001）。A组人均碘摄入量为（290．42±10．04）mgI／kg）,显著低于B组的（363．34±12．34）mgI／kg（t=63．46,P〈0．001）。结论：能谱CT下肢动脉CTA使用低管电压及低浓度对比剂可以提供更好的图像对比噪声比,在保证诊断图像质量的同时明显地降低了辐射剂量,同时减少了患者的对比剂碘的摄入量。