耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌血流感染患者危险因素及预后

目的探讨住院患者血流感染耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)的危险因素及预后。方法采用病例对照研究,回顾性收集某院2010—2013年CRAB血流感染患者163例,并以同期68例对碳青霉烯类敏感的鲍曼不动杆菌(CSAB)血流感染患者作为对照,进行危险因素及预后分析。结果 CRAB血流感染的独立危险因素是感染前入住重症监护病房(ICU)[OR及OR95%CI:1.27(5.55~22.89)]及入住过急诊室[OR及OR95%CI:3.57(1.67~7.62)]。鲍曼不动杆菌(AB)血流感染患者28 d生存率CRAB为66.17%,而CSAB为96.95%,CRAB组患者的生存率低于CSAB组(χ2=15.71,P0.001)。影响AB血流感染预后的独立危险因素包括感染CRAB(HR95%CI:3.01~67.28)、血液病(HR95%CI:3.77~25.97)、心功能不全(HR95%CI:2.10~20.41)、入住ICU(HR95%CI:1.01~5.28)及年龄(HR95%CI:1.01~1.04)。结论感染前入住ICU以及入住过急诊室是CRAB血流感染的危险因素,CRAB血流感染是影响患者预后的危险因素。     

人工气道患者碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染相关因素分析

目的对存在碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)肺部感染的人工气道患者进行相关因素分析,了解CRAB耐药特点。方法研究重症监护病房2016年1月至2019年12月收治的鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染的268例患者,按其痰培养结果分为CRAB及碳青霉烯类抗生素敏感鲍曼不动杆菌(CSAB)两组,分析两组患者的临床特征,CRAB对常见抗生素的耐药情况,并检测相关耐药基因。结果鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率从2016年为51.61%,上升至2018年86.57%,2019年下降至79.45%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=22.81,P <0.001); CRAB组患者年龄、急性生理与慢性健康(APACHE)Ⅱ评分、机械通气时间、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、病死率等均明显高于CSAB组患者(P <0.05); logistic回归分析显示:合并COPD(OR=2.095,95%CI:0.117～1.474)、机械通气时间大于10天(OR=68.250,95%CI:3.545～5.374)及感染前使用碳青霉烯类抗生素(OR=10.846,95%CI:1.78...     

某三甲综合医院耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌感染的危险因素分析

目的探讨某三甲综合医院耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌感染的危险因素,为医院耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌感染的诊治和预防提供科学依据。方法采用病例对照研究,回顾性选取某三甲综合医院2018年1月至2018年6月间的鲍曼不动杆菌(AB)感染患者为研究对象,根据药敏结果分为耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)组和碳青霉烯类敏感鲍曼不动杆菌(CSAB)组。收集临床资料,用■检验、Fisher确切概率法、t检验进行单因素分析,用多因素logistic回归模型分析单因素分析中有统计学意义的因素。结果 CRAB组77例,其中男性53例(68.8%),平均年龄(59.04±18.31)岁;CSAB组100例,其中男性74例(74.0%),平均年龄(53.36±21.77)岁。单因素分析显示:入院时患有糖尿病、检出AB前使用支气管镜检、进行引流管插管、服用替加环素、氟喹诺酮类药物和碳青霉烯类药物是CRAB感染的危险因素(P0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示:入院时患有糖尿病(OR=0.118,95%CI:0.020～0.694)、检出AB前使用支气管镜检(OR=0.400,95%CI:0.178～0.899)、进行引流管插管(OR=0.426,95%CI:0.208～0.872)、服用替加环素(OR=0.317,95%CI:0.147～0.683)和碳青霉烯类药物(OR=2.079,95%CI:1.057～4.088)是CRAB感染的独立危险因素。结论入院时患有糖尿病、检出AB前使用支气管镜检、进行引流管插管、服用替加环素和碳青霉烯类药物是CRAB感染的独立危险因素,这些因素是预防和控制CRAB产生及传播的重点。     

碳青霉烯类耐药与敏感鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染经济损失的差异

目的了解碳青霉烯类耐药与敏感鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染经济损失的差异,提高临床医务人员对耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)感染防控的认识。方法以某三甲医院2012年10月—2018年9月重症医学科(ICU)鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者为研究对象,依据其感染的鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类敏感结果分为CRAB组和碳青霉烯类敏感鲍曼不动杆菌(CSAB)组,将两组患者按照配对标准1∶1配对,采用配对秩和检验分析两组患者的直接经济损失。结果最终匹配成功46对,CRAB组住院总费用中位数为179 192元,CSAB组为82 314元,两组差值为96 878元;CRAB组住院日数中位数为49 d,CSAB组为27 d,两组差值为22 d;两组患者住院总费用、住院日数比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。CRAB医院感染患者直接经济损失的主要组成部分是西药费(29 246元)、材料费(19 465元)和治疗费(12 872元),占直接经济损失费用的63.6%。结论 CRAB医院感染导致患者住院日数延长,住院费用增加,因此降低CRAB医院感染发生率至关重要。     

耐碳青霉烯类鲍氏不动杆菌医院感染风险分析

目的识别耐碳青霉烯类鲍氏不动杆菌(CRAB)医院感染的风险关键控制点,为有效预防控制及治疗提供参考依据。方法采用病例对照研究,收集2014年5月-2015年5月CRAB医院感染患者37例以及碳青霉烯类敏感鲍氏不动杆菌(CSAB)医院感染患者30例的临床资料,构建非条件logistic回归模型分析,预测CRAB医院感染风险。结果 68株医院感染鲍氏不动杆菌中CRAB 38株占55.88%;CRAB感染的科室及感染部位分布均比较集中,ICU及神经外科在48.64%和43.24%,下呼吸道感染占71.05%;入住ICU(OR=26.244)和感染前使用碳青霉烯类抗菌药物(OR=9.488)与CRAB医院感染之间存在关联(P<0.05)。结论入住ICU和感染前使用碳青霉烯类抗菌药物是CRAB医院感染的独立危险因素,强化ICU医院感染预防控制措施,合理应用碳青霉烯类抗菌药物是预防CRAB的重要方式。     

耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌血流感染的危险因素及预后的评估指标

 目的 探讨耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）血流感染的危险因素,并评估降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）对CRAB血流感染患者预后的预测价值。方法 以2013年1月-2020年8月某院确诊鲍曼不动杆菌血流感染患者为研究对象,依据对碳青霉烯类的耐药性分为耐药组（CRAB组）与敏感组（CSAB组）,比较两组患者的临床资料;根据预后的不同将CRAB患者分为预后良好组与预后不良组,比较两组患者在确诊后48 h内的PCT、CRP水平,并通过受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）评估其对患者预后的预测价值。结果 共纳入64例鲍曼不动杆菌血流感染患者,包括CRAB组43例与CSAB组21例。使用抗菌药物>7 d是CRAB血流感染的独立危险因素（OR=6.198,95%CI：1.280~30.023）。43例CRAB血流感染患者中预后良好组13例,预后不良组30例。ROC曲线显示,PCT、CRP以及PCT联合CRP预测CRAB血流感染患者不良预后的曲线下面积分别为0.829（95%CI：0.658~1.000）、0.800（95%CI：0.610~0.990）、0.895（95%CI：0.751~1.000）。结论 使用抗菌药物>7 d是CRAB血流感染的危险因素,血清PCT、CRP水平对CRAB血流感染患者的预后有预测价值。     

耐碳青霉烯鲍氏不动杆菌血流感染影响因素的Meta分析

目的对耐碳青霉烯鲍氏不动杆菌(Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,CRAB)血流感染的影响因素进行综合评价,为临床预防和控制感染提供依据。方法使用计算机检索国内外数据库PubMed、Embase、中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)等,辅以互联网络检索,手工检索初步入选文献的全文。收集国内外公开发表的关于耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌血流感染的影响因素的相关文献,选择符合标准的临床资料。由两名研究者按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取资料,参考Newcastle-Ottawa Scale的质量评价标准进行质量评价,使用CMA软件进行Meta分析。结果共15篇文献入选本研究,累计1 893例,对15个影响因素进行分析,其中有11个因素差异具有统计学意义,分别是深静脉置管(OR=2.581,95%CI=1.630～4.086)、气道开放(OR=3.370,95%CI=2.015～5.637)、基础疾病(OR=2.587,95%CI=1.711～3.913)、使用≥2种抗菌药物(OR=3.014,95%CI=1.636～5.550)、留置导尿管(OR=2.656,95%CI=1.382～5.014)、使用碳青霉烯类抗菌药物(OR=2.683,95%CI=2.017～3.570)、留置鼻胃肠管(OR=2.335,95%CI=1.220～4.467)、胃肠外营养治疗(OR=2.835,95%CI=1.648～4.876)、有原发感染灶(OR=4.219,95%CI=1.274～13.974)、APACHEII评分≥22分(OR=8.332,95%CI=2.836～24.481)、入住ICU≥2周(OR=2.835,95%CI=1.391～5.776)。结论应对CRAB血流感染的影响因素采取针对性措施,减少和预防CRAB血流感染的发生。     

湖南省细菌耐药监测网2012—2021年鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性监测报告

目的 了解湖南省临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌的流行病学情况。方法 按照全国细菌耐药监测网技术方案要求开展细菌耐药监测工作,参考美国临床实验室标准化协会标准,对2012—2021年湖南省多中心上报至湖南省细菌耐药监测网的不动杆菌属的临床资料进行总结与分析。结果 10年间共检出不动杆菌属169 438株,其中以鲍曼不动杆菌检出最多(82.74%)。耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)和碳青霉烯类敏感鲍曼不动杆菌(CSAB)分别检出70 923株(53.63%)和58 149株(43.97%)。CRAB与CSAB均在>70岁年龄段中检出最多,分别为34.44%、32.02%;CRAB与CSAB在ICU中检出的占比分别为34.80%、11.31%。CRAB与CSAB主要分离自痰/支气管肺泡灌洗液,其次为脓/分泌物、尿、血。10年间CRAB对常用抗菌药物的耐药率变化不大。CRAB对头孢他啶和头孢吡肟的耐药率均>84%;对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率均>82%;对氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类药物耐药率均>59%;对米诺环素、多黏菌素B的耐药率分别为15.9%～25.0%、1...     

耐碳青霉烯类鲍氏不动杆菌医院获得性肺炎危险因素分析

目的探讨耐碳青霉烯类鲍氏不动杆菌(CRAB)医院获得性肺炎的危险因素。方法采用病例对照研究,收集2005年1月-2010年12月鲍氏不动杆菌(ABA)引起的医院获得性肺炎92例,分为CRAB医院获得性肺炎组30例和碳青霉烯类敏感鲍氏不动杆菌(CSAB)医院获得性肺炎组62例;采用单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析发现,APACHEⅡ评分≥16分、气管插管或气管切开、机械通气、分离出ABA前<2周曾应用过亚胺培南或美罗培南、≥2种抗菌药物联合应用与CRAB感染有关;多因素logistic回归分析发现,APACHEⅡ≥16分(OR=4.144,95%Cl1.346～12.761,P=0.013)及分离出CRAB前<2周曾应用过亚胺培南或美罗培南(OR=3.236,95%Cl1.128～9.282,P=0.029)是独立危险因素;CRAB组死亡11例,CSAB组死亡19例,2组死亡率差异无统计学意义。结论 APACHEⅡ≥16分及分离出CRAB前<2周曾应用过亚胺培南或美罗培南,是CRAB医院获得性肺炎的独立危险因素。     

耐碳青霉烯类鲍氏不动杆菌医院感染危险因素的荟萃分析

目的 系统评价耐碳青霉烯类鲍氏不动杆菌(CRAB)医院感染的危险因素,为相关病原菌科学预防控制策略的制定提供依据和借鉴。方法 分别检索CNKI、Wanfang、CBM、Pubmed数据库收集相关文献,采用RevMan5.3对纳入文献的研究资料进行荟萃分析。结果 总共9篇文献纳入本研究,累计研究对象1 257例,其中病例组604例,为CRAB医院感染的患者;对照组653例,为碳青霉烯类敏感鲍氏不动杆菌医院感染的患者;在分析的19个危险因素中有10个因素差异有统计学意义,相关危险因素分别为:入住ICU(OR=3.41)、入院时APACHEⅡ评分(MD=3.16)、气管插管/切开(OR=3.62)、机械通气(OR=4.54)、深静脉置管(OR=1.54)、使用抗菌药物时间≥1周(OR=2.34)、联用抗菌药物(OR=3.92)、使用碳青霉烯类(OR=4.63)、喹诺酮类抗菌药物(OR=1.53)。结论 CRAB医院感染发生有其特点,应针对相关危险因素采取有效措施,减少和预防相关感染的发生。     

Trends in predictors of death due to HIV-related causes among persons living with AIDS in New York City: 1993–2001

To examine trends in predictors of HIV-related mortality among cohorts of persons living with AIDS (PLWA) in New York City (NYC), nine calendar year-specific cohorts of PLWA were created from 1993 to 2001. Cohorts were defined as persons who had been alive at any time during that year and had been diagnosed with AIDS before the end of that year. Predictors of death because of HIV-related causes of death were assessed by examinnng year-specific, stratified death rates per 1,000 PLWA and adjusted relative risks (RRs) from proportional hazards models. We conducted an analysis of AIDS surveillance data PLWA in NYC between 1993 and 2001. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for each calendar year cohort to evaluate trends in the RR of HIV-related death over the subsequent 5 years, adjusting for sex, reace/ethnicity, age, transmission risk borough of residence, category of AIDS diagnosis [opportunistic illness (OI) or CD4 count <200 cells/μL], time since AIDS diagnosis, and CD4 count at time of AIDS diagnosis. Death rates due to all causes and HIV-related causes declined substantially during 1993–1997 and then stabilized in all subgroups of PLWA between 1998 and 2001. Beginning in 1995, differences in survival emerged in some subgroups, such that by 2001 (1) injecting drug users (IDUs) had poorer survival compared with men who have sex with men (MSM) [RR₂₀₀₁=2.1, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)=1.8–2.4]; (2) black and Hispanic PLWA had a significantly higher risk of death than white PLWA (RR₂₀₀₁=1.4, 95% CI=1.2–1.6, RR₂₀₀₁=1.2, 95% CI=1.1–1.4, respectively, and (3) PLWA aged 60 and above had poorer survival compared with younger persons (RR₂₀₀₁=2.4, 95% CI=1.9–3.0), after adjustment for other factors. The observed disparities that began to emerge in 1995 may be attributable to differential effects of, access to, or usage of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). More targeted studies are needed to determine why such disparities have emerged.     

Computer and internet use among urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes

Previous studies have identified a “digital divide” between African Americans and whites, with African Americans having substantially lower rates of Internet use. However, use of the Internet to access health information has not been sufficiently evaluated in this population. Therefore, we conducted a telephone survey to determine the prevalence of computer and Internet use among 457 African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants were 78% female, with a mean age of 57±11 years, and about one-third had a yearly income ≦$7,500. Forty percent of the participants reported having a computer at home and 46% reported knowing how to use a computer. Most participants (58%) reported that they had, at some point, used a computer, and of those, 40% reported that they used the computer to find health information. In a stratified analysis, participants with lower education levels (<high school) were less likely to have a computer; older participants, men, and individuals with lower education levels were less likely to know how to use a computer and to use it to search for health information (all P<.05). Nonetheless, of the participants who did not know how to use a computer, 66% reported that they would be willing to learn. In addition, 82% reported that they had friends or family in the neighborhood who would let them use a computer. Furthermore, 89% of participants reported that they would use a computer program to manage their diabetes if it were offered free of charge. These data show promise for the willingness of this under-served population to use computers and access health information using the Internet. New programs are needed to explore Internet-based interventions to improve self-management and diabetes care among African Americans.     

A vulnerable population in a time of crisis: Drug users and the attacks on the World Trade Center

In this article, we present preliminary findings from a qualitative study focused on the impact of the World Trade Center attacks on New York City residents who are current or former users of heroin, crack, and other forms of cocaine. In it, we present data describing their responses to and feelings about the attacks, changes in drug use after the attacks, and factors affecting changes in use. Our analysis is based on 57 open-ended interviews conducted between October 2001 and February 2002. The majority of study participants reported that the attacks had a significant emotional impact on them, causing anxiety, sadness, and anger. Several described practical impacts as well, including significant reductions in income. On September 11th and the weeks and months that followed, several participants who had been actively using did increase their use of heroin, crack, and/or other forms of cocaine. Reductions in use were, however, as common over time as were increases. There was some relapse among former users, but this was limited to those who had stopped using drugs within the 6 months immediately preceding the attacks. A diverse set of factors interacted to control use. For some participants, these factors were internal, relating to their individual motivations and drug use experiences. Other participants were essentially forced to limit use by marked reductions in income. For others, access to health and social service professionals, as well as drug treatment, proved to be key. Department of Family Medicine and Community Health at Montefiore Medical Center     

Absorption,metabolism and elimination of N,N-dimethylformamide in humans

Summary Excretion of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMF metabolites N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide (MF), N-hydroxymethyl-formamide (F) and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC) has been monitored in the urine of volunteers during and after their 8-h exposure to DMF vapour at a concentration of 10, 30 and 60 mg · m^–3. The pulmonary ventilation in these experiments was typically about 101 · min^–1 and the retention in the respiratory tract was 90%. After exposure to 30 mg DMF · m^–3, the yield of compound determined in the urine represented 0.3% (DMF), 22.3% (MF), 13.2% (F) and 13.4% (AMCC) of the dose absorbed via the respiratory tract. The excretion curves of the particular compounds attained their maximum 6–8h (DMF), 6–8h (MF), 8–14h (F) and 24–34h (AMCC) after the start of the exposure. The half-times of excretion were approximately 2, 4, 7 and 23 h respectively. In contrast to slow elimination of AMCC after exposure to DMF, AMCC was eliminated rapidly after AMCC intake. This discrepancy could be explained by rate-limiting reversible protein binding of a reactive metabolic intermediate of DMF, possibly methylisocyanate.     

Antimicrobial antibodies in Danish slaughterhouse workers and greenhouse workers

Summary As a consequence of contact with animals and animal products slaughterhouse workers might be at risk of infection with pathogenic microorganisms. This hypothesis has been supported by some earlier studies. In this study 217 slaughtermen and a control group of 113 greenhouse workers were investigated for the prevalence of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Campylobacter jejuni (IgA and IgG), Yersinia enterocolitica types 3 and 9, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis types I, II, III, IV, and V, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Borrelia burgdorferi. No significant differences were found concerning either frequency of positive tests or magnitude of titers. The prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies was remarkably high in both groups.     

Biological monitoring of workers exposed to<Emphasis Type="Italic"> N</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-dimethylformamide in synthetic leather manufacturing factories in Korea

Objectives To investigate the relationship between N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) exposure and excretion of urinary N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC) and N-methylformamide (NMF) in workers at synthetic leather manufacturing factories in Korea, for the first time.Methods One-hundred forty-four male workers at nine synthetic leather manufacturing factories were surveyed. Exposure to DMF was evaluated through breathing zone air sampling followed by analysis via a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The levels of NMF and AMCC were determined by a GC with a flame thermionic detector (GC-FTD). Urine samples were collected at the end of the workshift.Results and Conclusions Geometric mean of workplace air DMF and urinary NMF was 8.8 ppm and 47.5 mg/l, respectively, and the level of DMF and NMF was significantly correlated. The biological exposure limit for NMF (15 mg/ml) was exceeded in 89.5% of urine samples, and 37.9% of air samples exceeded the environmental DMF exposure limit (10 ppm), indicating a serious health risk to the employees of the synthetic leather industry in Korea. Exposure to 10 ppm DMF in the workplace air corresponded to a urinary NMF concentration of 53.4 mg/l. Alcohol intake the day before urine was sampled influenced NMF excretion into urine (40.5 mg/l NMF for the no-alcohol group and 94.6 mg/l for the group consuming more than 63.0 g alcohol/day). We could not find a significant relationship between air DMF and urinary AMCC concentration. Exposure to 10 ppm DMF corresponded to an AMCC concentration of 8.0 mg/l in the urine samples collected on the same day as the air was sampled.     

我国几种非嗜肺军团菌感染的血清流行病学研究

本文报告了1986年对我国五个地区994名健康成人、373名儿童和100例肺炎病人进行三种军团菌抗体检测的结果。健康成人抗体阳性率(≥1:16)Lm为9.26%,Ld为9.05%,Lg为3.32%。儿童Lm为5.36%,Ld为2.14%,Lg为3.75%。肺炎病人抗体阳性率以Ld最高(44%),Lm次之(23%),Lg均阴性。提示我国南方和北方地区人群中均存在这三种军团菌感染的可能性,应予以注意。     

Clinical and laboratory evidence of the importance of the tick D. marginatus as a vector of B. burgdorferi in some areas of sporadic Lyme disease in Bulgaria

56 adult ticks D. marginatus and 38 adult ticks H. punctata were sampled by the flagging method, transferred to the laboratory, dissected and tested for infection with Lyme disease spirochetes. 3 (7.9%) of the adult H. punctata and 2 (3.57%) of the adult D. marginatus were infected with B. burgdorferi (Bb). This report also presents the case of a patient, who developed Lyme disease symptoms after he had been bitten by a D. marginatus tick. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by serological testing and by a biopsy, taken from the patient's skin lesion. The skin biopsy was examined under an electron microscope and Bb was found in the sections of the deeper strata of the dermis in two structural forms: (a) cylindrical bodies (protoplasm cylinder) with circular ends covered with a three-layered membrane; (b) granules, situated among the collagenous fibres either closely adhered to them or covered with a membrane. The result of the study demonstrates that in single cases in some ecosystems, ticks D. marginatus might be implicated in Bb transmission to humans as secondary vectors.     

成人灰色小克银汉霉侵袭性毛霉菌病1例并文献复习

目的 探讨灰色小克银汉霉感染导致成人毛霉菌病患者的临床特点及诊治方案。方法 总结某院血液内科收治的1例灰色小克银汉霉感染致成人侵袭性毛霉菌病患者的临床诊疗过程,并检索数据库相关文献进行复习。结果 患者男性,54岁,因“反复乏力1年余,加重伴发热1周”入院,肺组织病理检查可见宽大、不规则、无分隔的菌丝,形态学鉴定为毛霉菌,肺泡灌洗液及外周血宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)检测示灰色小克银汉霉,诊断为灰色小克银汉霉感染致侵袭性毛霉菌病,给予脂质体两性霉素B联合泊沙康唑、卡泊芬净治疗后感染获得控制。检索出符合条件的文献37篇,加上本病例,共纳入44例患者,其中男性26例,女性18例,中位年龄52.5(18～79)岁;基础疾病主要为血液系统疾病(65.9%,29例),进行造血干细胞或实体器官移植者14例;最常见的侵犯部位为肺、脑及皮肤,分别为36、9、9例;组织病理学、真菌培养、直接镜检及分子学检测阳性者分别为28、37、29、17例。41例患者接受了抗真菌治疗,其中8例联合手术治疗;30例死亡,病死率为68.2%,抗真菌治疗联合手术者生存率(62.5%,5/8)高于单独抗真菌治疗者(24.2%,...     

DNA relatedness,karyotyping and gene probing of Candida tropicalis,Candida albicans and its synonyms Candida stellatoidea and Candida Claussenii

Isolates of Candida albicans with varied phenotypes, including sucrose-negative variants (C. stellatoidea, serotypes A and B) and avirulent germ tube-negative forms (C. claussenii) showed significant (> 90%) DNA relatedness to classical C. albicans, but insignificant relatedness to C. tropicalis and sucrose-negative C. tropicalis. A transverse alternating-field gel electrophoresis procedure (TAFE) showed discrete karyotype patterns among the phenotypic variants of C. albicans including the sucrose-negative C. stellatoidea. The number of chromosome-sized DNA bands for C. tropicalis (7 bands) were within the range of bands observed for C. albicans (5 to 10 bands). The general DNA-migration pattern for C. albicans appeared distinct from that of C. tropicalis. An aspartyl proteinase (PrA) gene probe from C. albicans hybridized with chromosomal DNA from C. albicans, C. claussenii and C. stellatoidea but not with that from C. tropicalis.