小肠原发性恶性肿瘤的临床X线诊断(附21例分析)

目的 :提高小肠恶性肿瘤的诊断水平。方法 :回顾分析 2 1例资料完整并经 X线检查和手术病理证实的小肠原发性恶性肿瘤的 X线征象。结果 :2 1例中平滑肌肉瘤 9例 ,腺癌 8例 ,恶性淋巴瘤 4例 ,各有其比较特征性 X线表现。结论 :小肠恶性肿瘤虽有各种不同的 X线表现 ,只要认真细致连续观察 ,仍可作出正确的诊断及鉴别诊断。小肠低张气钡双重造影是目前诊断小肠肿瘤比较可靠、首选的检查方法     

口服法气钡双重造影对小肠病变的诊断价值

目的：探讨口服法气钡双重造影对小肠病变的诊断价值及几种小肠病变的影像特征。方法：回顾性分析26例小肠病变患者的临床表现与造影影像特征及手术病理结果的相互关系。全部病人均行口服法小肠气钡双重造影检查，2例行CT检查，病例均经治疗确诊或病理证实。结果：26例中，临床有18例消化道出血，5例间断性脐周疼痛，2例不全性肠梗阻，1例外伤后呕吐来诊。其中腺癌5例，类癌2例，平滑肌肉瘤3例，间质瘤1例，腺瘤或息肉4例。淋巴管扩张症、肠结核、克隆氏病各2例，血管瘤、神经节细胞瘤、小肠结石、外伤后肠狭窄、重复小肠各1例，其影像表现各具特征。结论：小肠气钡双重造影检查对小肠腔内及管壁受累病变有重要价值；而病变起自肠壁且向腔外生长者需结合B超及CT检查方能作出诊断。     

小肠不全性梗阻的钡剂造影(附23例分析)

目的　探讨钡剂造影对小肠病变所致梗阻的诊断价值。方法　对 2 3例经手术证实的因小肠病变所致不全性梗阻患者行钡餐及小肠插管注钡造影进行回顾性分析。结果　 2 3例小肠梗阻患者中 ,恶性病变 14例 ,良性病变 9例。结论　对小肠病变所致不全性梗阻 ,钡餐及小肠插管气钡双重造影检查均有重要的诊断价值。     

小肠双重造影插管技术的体会

1967年，Bilbao和Dotter发明了B－D管，为小肠X线造影检查解决了一个重要技术问题（1，2），近两年来，国内也报导了利用B－D管进行小肠双对比灌肠和小肠低张双重造影（3，4），进行小肠造影，插管是成功的关键，下面就谈谈我们在进行小肠双重造影中关于插管技术的点滴体会。     

胃镜引导插管小肠双对比造影方法研究

目的：探讨小肠双对比造影检查的有效方法。方法：72例受检者被随机分成2组；试验组(36例)应用研制的小肠造影导管，在胃镜直视下钳夹导管头端并送达十二指肠水平部，头端气囊充气固定导管，退出胃镜后，经导管灌注适量稀钡胶浆及空气行小肠双对比造影。对照组(36例)采用改进的F9心导管在透视下插管。结果：实验组插管成功35例(成功率97．1％)，对照组插管成功27例(成功率75％)。结论：研制专用的小肠造影导管并经胃镜引导插管行小肠双对比造影检查，其成功率明显高于普通插管方法。     

改良法小肠气钡双对比造影

在胃肠疾病诊断中,小肠病变是唯一只能依赖X 线检查而不能用其他检查手段替代,因此提高小肠气钡双对比造影质量对发现小肠病变尤为重要.常规口服法因钡多气少,主要显示充盈像,对管腔内细小病变显示欠佳,并且因肠袢重叠易遗漏病变;插管法虽然能取得良好的双对比效果,但操作复杂,患者难以耐受[4～6].笔者在实践中参照Phillips[1～3]的报道,使用小肠改良法气钡双重造影能较满意地显示小肠的气钡双对比像.     

小肠克隆氏病：X线和病理表现的比较研究

作者试图评价插管钡灌注检查对小肠克隆氏病的诊断价值。36例皆因X线诊断小肠克隆氏病而手术,术中证实诊断正确33例;诊断错误3例,其中1例为恶性类癌,1例为慢性局部缺血,另1例为结肠克隆氏病而小肠正常。     

载体介导靶向小肠气钡双对比造影法的研究

目的 介绍一种简便易行的小肠双对比造影法－载体介导靶向小肠气钡双对比造影法并初步评价其效果。材料与方法 以小肠溶空胶囊为载体盛装产气剂，口服后载体胶囊至小肠溶解，产生CO2，配合口服钡剂形成小肠气钡双对比。选取80例拟行小肠造影检查者，随机分成2组，每组40例。试验组采用本方法，对照组采用普通单钡法。结果 试验组29例小肠双对比效果较满意，8例效果一般，有局部小肠双对比效果，3例无双对比效果，总有效率92．5％。对照组40例均为单钡造影效果。结论 载体介导靶向小肠气钡双对比造影法确能形成小肠气钡双对比，小肠观察效果较普通单钡法有明显提高，但有待于进一步完善。     

小肠磁共振水成像检查方法及其诊断价值

目的探讨小肠磁共振水成像检查方法及其对小肠疾病的诊断价值。方法本组28例小肠磁共振水成像。25例检查前30min口服0.9%氯化钠注射液或5%葡萄糖氯化钠注射液1500ml,检查前10min静脉注射山莨菪碱20mg;3例小肠梗阻直接进行小肠磁共振水成像,6例增强扫描。诊断结果与插管法小肠气钡造影结果对照。部分病例经手术、病理证实。结果28例小肠磁共振水成像检查均获得成功,图像质量满足诊断要求。正常小肠10例,Crohn’s病2例,十二指肠乳头癌3例,十二指肠腺瘤样增生1例,十二指肠憩室2例,小肠腺癌3例,回肠息肉1例,空肠间质瘤2例,回肠梗阻3例,小肠系膜扭转1例。18例小肠器质性病变诊断敏感性100%(18/18),特异性77.8%(14/18)。结论磁共振水成像对小肠病变的诊断是一种有效的检查方法。     

小肠出血的气钡双对比造影诊断

目的：评价气钡双对比造影对小肠出血的诊断方法。方法：对便血或大便潜血患者,临床排除胃及结肠出血后,再行小肠口服法气钡双对比重造影检查,对阳性发现的49例诊断结果与病理结果进行对照分析。结果：术前明确诊断44例（89．8％）,符合诊断5例（10．2％）。其中平滑肌瘤11例,平滑肌肉瘤18例,表现为腔内结节或较大的腔内外肿块,其表面伴有小溃疡或不规则溃疡。肠癌9例,表现肠管局限充盈缺损或管腔狭窄、僵硬、粘膜破坏。局限肠炎2例,表现肠管窄、粘膜增粗,脂肪瘤2例、息肉2例、憩室3例、血管瘤2例。结论：对于临床便血患者高度怀疑小肠出血者选择气钡双对比造影检查,视为最简便易行、又经济的方法。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.