利用A蛋白-ELISA检测小鼠肝炎病毒抗体

小鼠肝炎病毒(MHV)是小鼠的一种主要病原体,对小鼠的感染大多数呈亚临床感染。MHV对裸鼠是致死性病原体。由于已有一些肿瘤细胞株污染MHV的事例,所以预防MHV感染,对肿瘤学研究是一个重要课题。这类感染一般以血清学方法检测,但据报道,不同品系小鼠免疫应答的差异可影响常用的补体结合试验的检出率。另外,不同株的MHV也具有不同的抗原性和致病性。自从发现了这些病毒株的结构蛋白具有类似的抗原性以来,就开始考虑用单价MHV抗原检测其病毒抗体的可能性。在本组研究中,对同时饲养在MHV污染房间     

小鼠肝炎病毒S蛋白及其受体的研究现状

MHV表面S蛋白介导多种重要的生物学功能,包括对易感细胞受体的吸附、侵入阶段病毒与细胞膜的融合、病毒传播过程中细胞与细胞的融合,以及免疫激活、组织嗜性、病毒致病性的变异.S蛋白对受体mCEACAM的识别是MHV感染种属特异性和组织趋向性的最初决定因素,不同MHV毒株S1亚基的长度及核苷酸序列都呈现高度多态性,这些突变导致抗体表位和T细胞表位缺失,为病毒逃避免疫监视提供一条途径.     

实验动物大、小鼠冠状病毒的血清学调查与分析

实验动物是冠状病毒的重要自然宿主,具有较高的感染率。它可以引起小鼠的病毒性肝炎(MHV),大鼠冠状病毒病(RCV)感染,大鼠涎泪腺炎,猫传染性腹膜炎,还能引起犬和兔的感染。因此,调查目前实验动物的冠状病毒感染情况,对探究SARS病的起源和开展SARS病的防治以及模型研究是十分必要的。1　材料和方法11　大小鼠血清的采集　用摘眼球采血方法对各有关单位的实验大、小鼠进行采血,分离血清并置-20℃以下冰箱保存待检。12　MHV和RCV抗体ELISA检测试剂盒　购自中国药品生物制品鉴定所,该试剂盒由抗原包被板、稀释液、阴性血清对照、阳性血…     

43例肺部感染患者中军团菌感染情况的调查

采用试管凝集法对43例肺部感染患者和20例健康献血者进行嗜肺军团菌1、6、8型抗体的检测。结果表明，肺部感染患者军团菌感染以6型为主，且阳性率较高（23．26％），而健康人嗜肺军团菌1、6、8到抗体滴度均处于低水平。提示：洛阳地区军团菌感染以6型为优势种型。     

43例肺部感染患者中军团菌感染情况的调查

采用试管凝集法对４３例肺部感染患者和２９例健康献血者进行嗜肺军团菌１、６、８型抗体的检测。结果表明，肺部感染患者军团菌感染以６型为主，且阳性率较高（２３．２６％），而健康人嗜肺军团菌１、６、８型抗体滴度均御于低水平，提示，洛阳地区军团菌感染以６型为优势种型。     

SARS相关抗肺自身抗体产生机制的初步研究

目的:检测严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者血清中抗SARS病毒抗体与肺组织的反应性.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法检测SARS患者恢复期血清中抗SARS病毒抗体,并采用肺组织与抗体共同孵育的方法,吸附抗SARS病毒抗体中同肺组织反应的SARS相关抗体.结果:与肺组织共同孵育后,抗SARS病毒抗体被部分中和,中和率为13.6％～32.2％.结论:部分抗SARS病毒抗体可以与肺组织反应,SARS病毒抗原同肺组织抗原有部分同源性.机体对SARS病毒抗原和肺组织的交叉免疫性可能是SARS相关抗肺自身抗体产生的原因.     

严重急性呼吸综合征患者血清中SARS相关抗体的特异性研究

目的：检测严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者血清中SARS相关抗体的抗原特异性。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中IgG抗体，并采用抗原抗体的预孵育，吸附血清中抗原特异性抗体，检测其抗原特异性。结果：SARS患者血清与SARS患者肺组织以及非SARS患者肺组织均有相似的反应性。阳性血清与非SARS患者肺组织孵育后，其中抗SARS患者肺组织抗体被吸收，吸收率为100％。结论：本组SARS患者血清中存在抗肺组织抗体，其对SARS致病机制的意义值得进一步研究。     

异种丝虫抗原免疫酶染色试验诊断丝虫病的评价

用马来丝虫、牛丝虫成虫冰冻切片抗原免疫酶染色试验检测抗丝虫ＩｇＧ抗体，比较二者的敏感性和特异性。两种抗原免疫酶染色试验的敏感性分别为９２．９％和８７．１％，假阳性率分别的５．１％和１０．２％，经统计学处理两种抗原敏感性和假阳性率差异均无显著性。马来丝虫、牛丝虫抗原对肠道线虫病人血清抗体的交叉反应率分别为９．４％和２５．９％，经统计学处理二者差异具高度显著性；牛丝虫抗原交叉反应的抗体滴度亦显著高于马来丝虫抗原。牛丝虫粗抗原检测丝虫抗体的应用有其局限性。     

以抗体竞争结合抗原测定单抗亲和力常数的研究

目的在Friguent方法基础上建立更加稳定可靠的基于抗原/抗体竞争结合原理的单抗亲和力常数(Kd)检测方法。方法以抗体对抗原进行竞争结合,通过双抗体夹心法检测在一定抗体浓度竞争下抗原的结合率计算Kd值。结果用改良方法在两次不同条件下检测抗IL-8单抗的Kd值分别为:2.61×10-12mol/L和2.39×10-12mol/L,而使用Friguent方法在两次不同条件检测抗IL-8单抗的Kd值分别为:5.57×10-10mol/L和1.41×10-10mol/L。结论相对于Friguent方法,本研究计算出的Kd值更能反映抗原/抗体结合的真实情况,而且在不同实验条件下检测结果重现性强。     

肺部感染患者嗜肺军团菌感染情况的研究

本文用DFA法检测了98例肺部感染患者的痰,32例纤维支气管镜检查患者支气管刷取物的嗜肺军团菌Lp Ⅰ-Ⅳ型抗原,结果均为阴性。用IFA法检测了277名正常人,32例纤维支气管镜检查者,53例慢性呼吸系统患者的362份血清,35份血清示Lp Ⅰ-Ⅳ型低滴度IgG抗体;检测了92例肺部感染患者的184份急性期和恢复期双份血清,Lp Ⅰ-Ⅳ型IgM抗体均阴性,14份血清示Lp Ⅰ-Ⅳ型低滴度IgG抗体。提示军团病杆菌感染在北京地区并非常见。     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.