CalliSpheres载药微球治疗原发性肝癌并发肝脓肿4例分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨CalliSpheres载药微球治疗原发性肝癌并发肝脓肿的原因及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析4例原发性肝癌患者采用CalliSpheres载药微球行肝动脉化疗栓塞术（DEB-TACE）后并发肝脓肿的临床资料，分析肝脓肿发生的原因，总结治疗方案及预后。结果 4例患者均在彩超引导下行经皮肝穿刺脓腔引流术，脓液行细菌培养及药敏试验，脓液分别培养出表皮葡萄球菌、产气荚膜梭菌、脆弱拟杆菌、普通变形杆菌，经抗菌药物及引流治疗后临床症状均缓解，脓腔吸收2例，明显缩小2例。3例患者随访6～12个月存活，1例患者于引流术后3个月因脑梗死死亡。结论 CalliSpheres DEB-TACE治疗原发性肝癌可并发肝脓肿且原因较多，采用经皮穿刺脓肿引流可取得较好的治疗效果。     

肝癌介入治疗后并发肝脓肿临床特征与防治体会

目的探讨肝癌介入治疗后并发肝脓肿的临床特征与防治方法。方法回顾性分析我院自2010年1月至2014年6月,2 105例肝癌患者实施5 328次肝动脉化疗栓塞术的临床资料。结果 14例肝癌患者介入治疗后并发肝脓肿,发生率为0.67%(14/2 105)。14例患者均为原发性巨块型肝癌,最大直径10.00~20.00 cm,富血供者9例,少血供者5例;病灶单次栓塞10例,分次栓塞4例。化疗药物及碘油混悬剂用量20~40 ml,其中使用量为20~30 ml者8例,30~40 ml者6例。10例术中追加颗粒性栓塞剂(明胶海绵或聚乙烯醇)。14例患者中,合并糖尿病6例;肝功能A级5例,B级9例;合并门静脉癌栓7例,胆道阻塞10例。本组肝脓肿患者均经超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流联合抗菌药物治疗后,症状消失或明显缓解。结论肝功能分级,是否合并糖尿病,门静脉癌栓和胆道阻塞,病灶大小,碘油剂量以及是否使用颗粒性栓塞剂可能与肝癌介入治疗后并发肝脓肿相关。积极处理基础病、改善一般状况,超选择、精准、分次栓塞大病灶对预防肝癌介入治疗后并发肝脓肿具有重要意义。超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流对肝癌介入并发肝脓肿具有治疗价值。     

肝肿瘤经肝动脉化疗栓塞术后并发肝脓肿的原因与治疗

目的分析肝肿瘤经肝动脉化疗栓塞术后并发肝脓肿的原因,总结其治疗方法。方法收集2012年6月~2014年6月在我院因肝肿瘤行TACE治疗后发生肝脓肿患者6例,其中男性5例,女性1例,年龄38~65岁,其中原发性肝癌4例,肝转移瘤1例,肝血管瘤1例。结果 5例肝脓肿患者经穿刺引流及积极抗炎对症处理后,症状均明显改善,脓腔缩小或消失,充分引流后痊愈;另外1例症状反复,经检查伴发腹腔脓肿,积极对症处理无明显改善,后死于严重感染和多脏器功能衰竭。结论 TACE后并发肝脓肿发病率低,但后果严重,认识其发病机制,提高诊断意识,及时足量应用敏感抗生素,积极进行脓腔穿刺抽吸、引流,是肝脓肿有效的治疗方法。尤其对于肿瘤体积大、病变靠近胆囊、伴门脉癌栓、伴2型胆管异常的肝肿瘤患者,行TACE治疗时一定要慎重,避免肝脓肿的发生。     

CT引导下肝脓肿引流的围手术期护理及随访

目的探讨在CT引导下肝脓肿穿刺引流术患者的有效护理方法。 方法：对118例确诊为肝脓肿的患者做好CT引导下穿刺引流术前护理,每日用抗生素反复冲洗,观察引流液的情况,直至脓腔消失,拔除引流管。 结果118例肝脓肿患者,其中114例均影像学检查,脓腔消失,脓肿明显消失,体温正常,痊愈出院。 结论周密细致的护理工作对CT引导穿刺引流治疗肝脓肿患者的治疗起到关键性的作用。     

CT引导置管联合胆道镜治疗胰周脓肿13例

目的探讨CT引导经皮穿刺置管引流联合胆道镜病灶清除在治疗重症胰腺炎合并胰周脓肿的方法和疗效。方法 13例重症胰腺炎合并胰周脓肿患者,在超声引导失败或引流疗效不佳时,在CT定位引导下行病灶穿刺置管引流,引流1周待假性窦道形成后,经窦道用胆道镜多次清除脓腔内坏死组织。结果 13例患者置管引流均成功,每例患者行胆道镜脓腔清理2~7次,其中8例治愈,5例假性囊肿形成。无一例发生手术并发症。结论 CT引导置管引流联合胆道镜脓腔清理是急性重症胰腺炎合并胰周脓肿的微创治疗方法之一,其创伤小,疗效佳,不易受胸腔内和胃肠道气体干扰,并发症少,对提高重症胰腺炎的疗效有重要价值。     

经直肠彩超引导穿刺引流加抗生素灌洗保留治疗前列腺脓肿

目的评价经直肠彩超引导下前列腺脓肿介入治疗的价值。方法回顾性分析经直肠彩超引导前列腺脓肿穿刺引流加抗生素灌洗保留术在前列腺脓肿治疗中的临床效果。结果所有前列腺内脓腔均一次穿刺成功,抽出黏稠脓液5～32 ml,抽吸完脓液后脓腔内反复用头孢曲松钠冲洗后保留约5 ml,穿刺后2 d内临床症状明显改善。穿刺过程中无出血及特殊不适和并发症。术后l周超声复查脓腔消失。1～2月后超声复查未见脓肿复发。结论经直肠彩超引导前列腺脓肿穿刺引流加抗生素灌洗保留术操作方便,疗效显著且并发症少。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术后并发肝脓肿5例治疗分析

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后并发肝脓肿的原因及治疗.方法 总结我院2008年3月至2010年9月治疗的原发性肝癌患者353例,肝转移癌 102例;其中有外科手术史患者98例;共并发肝脓肿5例,3例并发于原发性肝癌,2例并发于肝转移癌.采用在X线透视引导下行经皮穿刺脓肿引流术,术后给予抗生素冲洗.结果 所有患...     

经皮肝穿胆汁引流术后胆道出血的临床分析

目的回顾经皮肝穿胆道引流术后胆道出血发生与处理措施。方法无法或不能耐受手术的梗阻性黄疸患者139例,经常规经皮肝穿胆管造影后,一步法或二步法穿刺扩张胆道,放置外引流管或内外引流管及金属内支架留置,临床观察治疗前后总胆红素指标改变及手术相关并发症,处理胆道出血。结果全部患者经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流手术成功,治疗后总胆红素明显下降,由360μmol/L降至158.2μmol/L,使用止血药物43例,11例轻微胆道出血,调整引流管及应用止血药后停止,5例严重胆道出血,4例肝动脉损伤,其中3例肝动脉栓塞治疗成功,1例失败。结论经皮经肝穿刺胆汁引流可并发胆道出血,能及时有效控制,术者应不断提高穿刺水平,减少胆道出血并发症发生。     

灭滴灵多途径给药内科治疗阿米巴肝脓肿42例

为了探求阿米巴肝脓肿的治疗,我们采用口服灭滴灵,B超导向穿刺抽脓,药液灌洗脓腔并留置为主的内科综合疗法,自1985年下半年至1989年底共治疗阿米巴肝脓肿42例。 一、一般资料:42例中男39例,女3例。年龄28～71岁。共有脓肿48个。单发36例(右肝31例,左     

在B超引导下用套管针穿刺置管引流治疗细菌性肝脓肿

自1984年以来,采用在B超引导下用套管针穿刺置管引流方法治疗细菌性肝脓肿15例(脓腔大小5×4cm～10×15cm),效果满意者14例,穿刺失败转手术者1例。随访1～4年无复发。凡急性肝脓肿、液化完全者均可采用此法,但距肝门近或深在脓肿易伤及大血管或肝胆管者宜慎重;肝包虫病禁忌穿刺。     

Liver abscess after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinomas: frequency and risk factors

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the frequency and risk factors of liver abscess formation after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 4-year period, 603 patients with 831 hepatocellular carcinomas measuring 5 cm or less in maximum diameter who underwent a total of 751 percutaneous radiofrequency ablation procedures were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the overall frequency of liver abscess, risk factors for abscess, and clinical features of the patients. The relationships between liver abscess and potential risk factors were analyzed using either generalized estimating equations or multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Liver abscess developed in 14 tumors of 13 patients after 13 (13/751 [1.7%]) ablation procedures. Generalized estimating equations and multiple logistic regression analysis of various potential risk factors revealed that preexisting biliary abnormality prone to ascending biliary infection (p = 0.0088), tumor with retention of iodized oil from previous transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (p = 0.040), and treatment with an internally cooled electrode system (p = 0.016) were associated with a significant risk of liver abscess formation. No patient died of liver abscess, and all successfully recovered from liver abscess with parenteral antibiotics and percutaneous clearance of pus. CONCLUSION: Although liver abscess formation was infrequent in patients who underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma, the patients with significant risk factors-preexisting biliary abnormality prone to ascending biliary infection, tumor with retention of iodized oil, and treatment with an internally cooled electrode system-for liver abscess formation should be closely monitored after treatment.     

CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流术的应用

目的观察CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿的疗效和临床应用价值。方法对临床诊断明确并经实验室及影像学检查证实的36例患者在CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺引流,术中置管,术后定时冲洗并积极进行有效的抗生素治疗。结果 36例肝脓肿患者经皮穿刺置管引流术治疗后,临床症状消失,无并发症发生,经B型超声或CT复查脓肿消失,全部治愈出院。结论 CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流术具有操作简便、手术创伤小、住院费用低、疗效肯定等优点,是临床治疗肝脓肿的有效方法之一。     

急性高原反应症状及体征变化对高原脑水肿早期诊断意义的研究

目的观察和随访急进高原后疑似高原脑水肿者（HACE）的症状、体征变化,为制定HACE的早期诊断标准提供依据。方法对24200名急进高原人员进行筛查,对其中162例HACE疑似病例进行观察随访,总结急进高原1w内的症状、体征变化。结果在这些HACE疑似病例中,有36例最后确诊为HACE。HACE患者早期头痛、呕吐（症状评分≥4）以及呼吸困难、胸闷、咳嗽、紫绀发生率明显高于非HACE组（P〈0．05）,且经休息及对症治疗后无缓解;HACE发病高峰为急性高原暴露24—72h。结论严重头痛、呕吐症状的出现与早期HACE发病密切相关,尤其当这些症状经15—24h单纯卧床、小流量吸氧及对症治疗后无明显缓解时,应警惕早期HACE的发生。     

Solitary focus in the liver in a thyroid cancer patient after a whole body scan with 131 iodine

A 51-year-old woman diagnosed with follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent a total thyroidectomy followed four weeks later by an ablative dose of 3.7 GBq of 131I. A whole body scan 5 days after ablation showed an intense uptake within the thyroid bed and a focal uptake located in the right lung base or liver dome. Computed tomography examination revealed a hypodense hepatic node in segment VII resembling a liver metastasis. Histological examination after ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration characterized the lesion as a liver abscess. The abscess regressed after antibiotic therapy. Liver metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma are uncommon. On the other hand, false positive findings of 131I whole body scans have been described. A focal hepatic uptake might represent a metastasis (rare in papillary carcinomas) or be related to other causes (cysts, inflammation or infection, non-thyroidal neoplasms, etc.).     

分析肝脓肿介入治疗住院时间的影响因素

目的分析肝脓肿行经皮穿刺置管引流术的影响因素。 方法选择DSA引导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流并采用不同冲洗液冲洗脓腔治疗肝脓肿116例,进行资料分析,患者平均（59.98±16.73）岁,其中男性76例,女性40例。既往有糖尿病49例,无糖尿病67例;脓肿单发者48例,多发者68例;住院期间有并发症者104例,无并发症的12例。对穿刺液经行细菌培养,大肠杆菌阳性者20例,肺炎克雷白杆菌52例,其他致病菌8例,培养阴性36例。按冲洗液不同分为两组：A组,置管后先使用甲硝唑注射液冲洗,细菌培养及药敏结果明确后改用含敏感抗生素液体冲洗脓腔,共68例;B组,置管后全程使用甲硝唑冲洗,共48例。 结果116例肝脓肿患者治疗有效率100%。统计分析结果显示性别、有无并发症对住院时间影响的差异无统计学意义;年龄与住院时间无相关关系;糖尿病、脓肿数目及不同冲洗方法对住院时间的影响差异有统计学意义。 结论DSA引导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流冲洗治疗肝脓肿疗效确切,糖尿病是影响住院时间的重要因素;多发肝脓肿的住院时间较单发的明显延长;采用敏感抗生素溶液冲洗肝脓肿效果更显著。     

细菌性肝脓肿高危因素的多元回归分析

目的　确定近年细菌性肝脓肿治疗结果和与死亡有关的高危因素。方法　对 95例细菌性肝脓肿资料采用单因素和多元回归分析。结果　 71例采用经皮肝穿刺引流 (PCD) ,6 8例治愈 ;13例肝部分切除术加胆肠吻合均治愈 ;12例 (含穿刺引流失败后开腹引流 1例 )接受开腹引流 ,术后死亡 4例。黄疸、感染性休克、多发性脓肿、继发于恶性肿瘤、手术引流等与预后不良有关。低白蛋白血症、凝血酶原时间延长、胆红素、丙氨酸转氨酶、尿素氮、肌酐增高等是死亡率增加的独立高危因素。结论　PCD具有创伤小和预后好等优点 ,尤其适用于有各种高危因素的病人。局限于肝脏某一部位的胆源性肝脓肿 ,肝部分切除可获得良好效果。开腹引流的费用和死亡率较高 ,临床应用逐渐减少。单纯抗生素治疗对于具有高危因素的细菌性肝脓肿很少能取得满意效果     

Cost-effectiveness of hepatic arterial chemoembolization for colorectal liver metastases refractory to systemic chemotherapy

PURPOSE: To calculate the cost-effectiveness of hepatic arterial chemoembolization (HACE) for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) over a range of survival benefits and to determine the survival benefit that HACE must confer to meet three thresholds of cost-effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A spreadsheet model was used to estimate the marginal direct cost of HACE compared with palliative care from a payer's perspective. Medicare reimbursement amounts represented costs, while probabilities of reembolization and complications were obtained from records of patients who underwent HACE. Marginal cost-effectiveness was calculated from marginal direct cost by varying the survival benefit of HACE compared with palliative care from 0 to 24 months. Break-even analyses were conducted to determine the survival benefit at which the cost-effectiveness of HACE would decrease below three threshold values derived from a literature review. RESULTS: The marginal cost-effectiveness of HACE compared with palliative care, given survival benefits of 3, 6, and 12 months, was $82,385, $41,193, and $21,045 per life-year (LY) gained, respectively. Cost-effectiveness thresholds of $20,000 (strict), $50,000 (moderate), and $100,000 (generous) per LY gained required survival benefits of 12.63, 4.94, and 2.47 months, respectively, more than the expected baseline. CONCLUSION: The cost-effectiveness of HACE for the treatment of CLM varies considerably according to the anticipated survival benefit. Results of future randomized controlled trials must demonstrate a survival benefit of nearly 5 months for HACE to meet the moderate cost-effectiveness standard of $50,000 per LY gained.     

Cholangitis and liver abscess after percutaneous ablation therapy for liver tumors: incidence and risk factors

PURPOSE: To determine the risk factors of cholangitis and liver abscess occurring after percutaneous ablation therapy for liver tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 1995 and September 2002, 358 patients with 455 liver tumors underwent a total of 683 ablation procedures, such as percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), percutaneous microwave coagulation (PMC), and radiofrequency (RF) ablation therapy. With a retrospective review of medical records, the rates and outcomes of cholangitis and/or liver abscess occurring after ablation therapy were evaluated. The relationship between cholangitis and/or liver abscess and multiple variables (age, disease, Child-Pugh class, size of nodules, multiplicity of nodules, history of transcatheter arterial embolization, presence of bilioenteric anastomosis, and lack of prophylactic antibiotics administration) were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Cholangitis and/or liver abscess occurred in 10 sessions (1.5%) in 10 patients: six sessions after PEI, three sessions after PMC, and one session after RF ablation. Both cholangitis and liver abscess were noted in seven sessions, cholangitis was noted in two, and liver abscess was noted in one. Six patients recovered, but two developed recurrent cholangitis and liver abscess, one developed lung abscess complicated with liver abscess, and one died of septic shock associated with cholangitis. On stepwise regression analysis, bilioenteric anastomosis was the sole significant predictor of cholangitis and/or liver abscess formation (P <.001; odds ratio = 36.4; 95% CI = 9.67-136.9). CONCLUSION: Bilioenteric anastomosis strongly correlated with the development of cholangitis and/or liver abscess after percutaneous ablation therapy. Close posttreatment attention should be paid to this subgroup of patients.     

肝癌TACE术并发肝脓肿的临床特征及危险因素分析

目的探讨肝癌TACE术并发肝脓肿的临床表现特点及危险因素。方法回顾2003年5月—2008年3月1 156例肝癌患者行TACE术3 378次术后并发肝脓肿的发病率、临床特点、治疗转归等,分析TACE术后发生肝脓肿的危险因素。结果共有21例患者TACE术后发生肝脓肿,肝脓肿并发症的发生率为0.62%(3 378次操作)。肝脓肿的临床表现为肝区疼痛、肝大、发热、白细胞增多等,发病时间为术后7～20 d,平均(12±6)d.肝癌TACE术后并发肝脓肿患者在性别比例,胆道损伤,胆道阻塞,营养状况差等方面与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论肝癌TACE术后肝脓肿并发症具有一定的临床特点,女性患者、胆道损伤、胆道梗阻、营养状况差等是TACE术后发生肝脓肿的危险因素。