氧化苦参碱磷脂复合物的理化性质研究

目的 考察氧化苦参碱与其磷脂复合物的理化性质变化.方法 测定和比较氧化苦参碱和其磷脂复合物的X-射线衍射光谱、差示扫描光谱、红外光谱、水中的分散形态、粒度分布及油水分配系数.结果 X-射线衍射分析显示,复合物中氧化苦参碱晶体衍射峰消失;差热扫描显示复合物的相变温度明显降低;红外光谱分析表明氧化苦参碱与磷脂未形成新的化合物或混合物,而是一个磷脂复合物;在水中复合物分散呈胶团状;电镜下可见其外观为球形,粒径比较均匀;与氧化苦参碱相比,复合物在正辛醇中溶解性有明显改善,而在水中溶解度有所降低;在不同pH水-正辛醇系统中,复合物的表观油-水分配系数与氧化苦参碱相比也有较大的差异.结论 理化性质研究表明,氧化苦参碱与磷脂形成了复合物.     

大鼠脑中钆剂沉积:多次注射钆剂后不溶性含钆物质和完整钆复合物含量的评价

正摘要目的评价多次注射钆对比剂(GBCA)钆双胺和钆特醇后不溶性含钆物质的形成,并对完整钆复合物和不溶性含钆物质进行定量评价。材料与方法在8周内对健康     

正常人肝脏单体素1.5T 1H-MRS的研究

目的用单体素氢质子磁共振波谱（^1H-MRS）技术研究正常人肝脏内化合物的含量及在不同年龄和性别人群中的差异。方法利用1.5T磁共振仪对50例不同年龄和性别的正常人进行单体素^1H-MRS研究,所用技术为定点分辨选择波谱技术（PRESS）。结果1H-磁共振波谱能够检测出正常人肝脏中的许多化合物,如糖原和葡萄糖复合物（glyco-gen）、胆碱（choline）、谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸复合物（glutamine and glutamate complex）以及脂质（lipide）等。各化合物的含量在不同年龄和性别中存在着差异。正常人肝脏胆碱的含量与年龄呈负相关,在不同性别的人群中无显著差异。葡萄糖复合物、谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸复合物和脂质的含量在不同性别的人群中存在显著差异,谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸复合物以及脂质的含量与年龄呈正相关,葡萄糖复合物在不同年龄段人群中的含量无显著差异。结论^1H-MRS能够检测出肝脏中与代谢相关的多种化合物,并可以定量测量,有助于研究生理和疾病时肝脏生化的改变,为疾病的早期诊断提供依据。     

复方连翘皮康乳膏质量标准研究

目的建立复方连翘皮康乳膏的质量控制方法。方法采用TLC法对复方连翘皮康乳膏中大黄、威灵仙和地塞米松进行定性鉴别,以HPLC法测定其主要活性成分大黄素、大黄酚和地塞米松的含量。结果薄层鉴别,供试品色谱中大黄素、大黄酚、地塞米松在与对照品和对照药材色谱相应位置上显相同颜色的斑点,阴性无干扰;大黄素和大黄酚在1～80μg/ml范围内线性良好,平均回收率分别为100.83%、101.70%,RSD分别为3.03%、3.51%。地塞米松在5～80μg/ml范围内线性良好,平均回收率为100.36%,RSD为1.54%。结论 TLC鉴别和HPLC含量测定方法操作简便、结果准确、重复性好,能有效控制复方连翘皮康乳膏的质量。     

不同海拔高度健康青年红细胞免疫功能的变化

本文应用酵母花环法检测了四个不同海拔高度107人健康青年男性的红细胞免疫粘附功能,同时测定了血清中的循环免疫复合物含量。结果表明:随海拔的升高,红细胞C_3b受体花环则降低,呈负相关性(P<0.01),红细胞免疫复合物花环和血清中循环免疫复合物则升高,呈正相关性(P<0.01)。红细胞C_3b受体花环与循环免疫复合物呈负相关性(P<0.01),红细胞免疫复合物花环与循环免疫复合物呈正相关性(P<0.01)。提示高原人体红细胞免疫功能的变化与空气中氧含量及辐射强度有关,因而在防治高原病时,注意调整和增强红细胞免疫功能具有十分重要的意义。     

积雪草苷平衡溶解度和油水分配系数的测定

目的测定积雪草苷在不同pH介质中的平衡溶解度和正辛醇-水/缓冲液体系中的表观油水分配系数（Papp）。方法采用RP-HPLC法测定积雪草苷浓度,研究其在水和不同pH介质中的平衡溶解度;采用摇瓶法测定积雪草苷在正辛醇-水/缓冲液体系中的Papp。结果 25℃下积雪草苷在水中的平衡溶解度为305.02μg.ml-1,在pH 5.0缓冲液中平衡溶解度更低;积雪草苷在正辛醇-水中Papp为0.908（logPapp=-0.042）,在pH 5.0缓冲液中Papp最高。结论积雪草苷为亲水性药物,但其在水中的溶解度较小。在pH 5.0～8.0范围内,积雪草苷的平衡溶解度随pH的增加而增加,相反油水分配系数随pH的增加而减少。     

葡萄糖酸镁理化常数及其质量的研究

目的　测定葡萄糖酸镁原料药的理化常数及其纯度、安全性等 ,对其质量进行研究。方法　采用溶解度、比旋度、折光率和熔点测定法测定了理化常数。以TLC法鉴别有关物质。络合量法测定含量。同时用动物试验法对异常毒性、急性毒性、热源进行了试验。并对纯度检查与安全性进行了评价。结果　本品的溶解度为 13g·10 0ml-1;比旋度 [α]D2 0℃ =11.39± 0 .0 3,RSD 为 0 .2 6 % (n=5 ) ;折光率nD2 0℃ =1.3412 (n =6 ) ,F =0 .0 0 16 8;熔点 (分解点 )为 184～ 2 0 0℃。有关物质经TLC检测样品主斑点的颜色和位置与对照品相同 ,未见有关物质增加。络合量法测定含量下限定为 98.0 ,上限定为 10 2 .0。静脉给药 ,其LD50 为 311.13mg·kg-1,95 %可信限为 2 94.6～ 32 8.5mg·kg-1。口服给药 ,其LD50 >10g·kg-1。葡萄糖酸镁安全、无毒 ,是优良的补镁药物。结论　方法简便 ,准确 ,可用于控制该产品的质量     

噬菌体展示肽库技术在肿瘤诊治研究中的应用

噬菌体展示肽库技术是将高度多样性的多肽与噬菌体衣壳蛋白融合表达,呈现于噬菌体表面的多肽具有相对独立的空间结构,能与配体结合,从而筛选特异性分子表位,其已成为肿瘤诊治研究的重要手段和有力工具.筛选与肿瘤细胞或血管表面细胞特异结合的多肽作为核素载体,制成探针,可以对肿瘤进行早期诊断和转移灶的定位,还可以进行核素治疗;以多肽...     

生物样品中多肽药物质谱定量分析方法研究进展

质谱(MS)在药代研究中起非常重要的作用.液质联用技术,由于其特异性好和灵敏度高,被认为是生物样品定性和定量的最有效分析手段.药物研究领域正在开发能够对肽类药物进行绝对定量分析的新技术方法.基于多肽药物的结构及理化性质,本文综述了利用LC-ESI-MS技术对生物基质中多肽药物进行定量分析的特点与难点,重点讨论在药物定量分析中的多种样品处理技术、多肽色谱分离、ESI-MS的重要特点、质谱检测模式的选择、内标的选择以及现代质谱技术等.     

微乳在药剂学上的应用

目的：综述近年来以微乳为载体的制剂在药剂学上的应用。方法：查阅近几年国内外有关的主要献资料分析评述。结果：根据药物的不同性质,分别制成水包油型和油包水型微乳,主要应用于注射、口服及透皮给药。结论：药物以微乳为载体,可以提高药物的溶解度,增加吸收,提高生物利用度。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.