某院静脉用药调配中心用药医嘱的点评及其不合理医嘱产生的原因分析与对策

目的:分析静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)用药医嘱的点评及其不合理用药医嘱产生的原因和对策。方法:建立电子信息系统,抽取PIVAS医嘱及不合理医嘱,选取各类具有代表性的错误医嘱进行点评,分析其产生的原因。结果:经过对医嘱处理和不合理医嘱的干预,PIVAS常见的不合理用药医嘱内容,如溶媒选择不当、用药剂量不当、药物间相互作用、成分比例不当和其他。结论:PIVAS药师能够较好地促进临床合理用药,保障患者用药安全。     

某院静脉药物配置中心儿科常用药物不合理医嘱分析

目的:对厦门大学附属第一医院静脉药物配置中心(PIVAS)儿科常用药物不合理医嘱进行回顾性分析,以促进临床合理用药。方法:通过医院信息系统和药师审方手册记录本对PIVAS 2019年第1季度和第4季度汇总的不合理用药医嘱进行回顾性分析,对不合理医嘱进行干预。结果:通过干预,不合理用药医嘱比例由3.17%下降到1.53%,不合理医嘱分类为溶媒规格选择不当、溶媒种类选择不当、药物浓度不当、配伍禁忌、药物剂量使用不当、用药禁忌、医嘱录入错误等。结论:PIVAS存在不合理用药现象,通过药师干预,可纠正不合理用药,保障患儿安全、合理、经济的药物治疗。     

我院2011年静脉药物配制中心不合理处方分析

目的保障医院静脉药物配置中心(PIVAS)医嘱的合理性。方法提取2011年1月至2011年12月医嘱共330 608份,并进行归纳、汇总和分析。结果共审核出不合理医嘱343例,不合理医嘱类型为录入错误、配伍禁忌、溶剂选择不当、药物剂量使用不当、给药频次不当等。结论药师审核PIVAS医嘱,可及时发现并纠正不合理用药,保证患者静脉用药安全有效。     

我院住院医嘱审核1236例不合理用药分析

目的：统计分析我院住院不合理用药医嘱,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：对我院2014年1-12月登记在册的不合理医嘱进行统计分析。结果：共有1 236例不合理医嘱。不合理医嘱主要涉及药物剂量不当（占25.00%）、电脑输入错误（占14.00%）、溶媒不当或无溶媒（占11.49%）、药物浓度不当（占8.09%）、出院带药无用法用量（占7.77%）、静脉给药速度不当（占7.61%）、给药频率不当（占3.96%）等。结论：我院住院医嘱存在一定的不合理现象,临床药师通过医嘱审核进行干预,可促进临床合理用药,保障儿童的用药安全。     

我院外科药房静脉药物配置中心1553例不合理医嘱分析

目的规范临床合理用药,减少给药错误,确保患者用药安全。方法对医院静脉药物配置中心2010年7月至8月静脉用药医嘱中1 553例不合理医嘱进行回顾性分析。结果不合理医嘱主要为药物溶剂不当、浓度不当、给药频次不合理、加液量不当、配伍禁忌等。结论静脉药物配置中心提供了很好的药学服务平台,药师应充分运用药学专业知识,协助医师合理用药,提高临床用药的合理性和安全性。     

我院静脉用药集中调配中心不合理医嘱分析

目的：分析我院静脉用药集中调配中心（ PIVAS）发现的不合理用药情况,以促进临床合理用药。方法收集我院PIVAS 2014年4月至2015年4月间药师审核的配液医嘱,对其中记录的不合理医嘱进行统计分析。结果审核的18775例医嘱中,存在不合理医嘱53例。不合理医嘱类型主要包括药物剂量及浓度不当、溶媒选择不当、给药顺序不当、适应症不当等。结论 PIVAS在为临床服务的同时,通过药师对医嘱的审核,及时纠正不合理用药,提高了临床用药的安全性和有效性,促进临床合理用药。     

488例静脉药物配制中心不合理医嘱发生的原因及其干预的成效分析

目的:分析静脉药物配制中心(PIVAS)不合理医嘱发生的原因及其干预的成效,为合理用药提供参考。方法:抽取2016年—2017年间PIVAS静脉输液医嘱1 123 600例,分析静脉输液医嘱中不合理用药医嘱发生的原因及其科室的分布,以及干预的对策。结果:1 123 600例静脉输液医嘱中,不合理用药医嘱488例占0.434‰,主要分布在心血管外科、呼吸内科及神经内科等科室;不合理用药医嘱发生的原因主要为药物浓度不适合、溶剂不适合、用法用量不合适、药物配伍不合适、录入错误、缺少适应证、诊断资料不全等。结果:应加强用药医嘱的审核和点评工作,PIVAS药师应加强终端医嘱用药的审核,确保患者安全合理用药。     

病区医嘱实时审核常见不合理用药问题的分析与体会

目的:统计分析我院住院不合理用药医嘱,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:对我院2015年1-12月登记的不合理医嘱进行统计分析。结果:共有1 633例不合理医嘱。不合理医嘱主要涉及药物剂量不当(37.84%)、出院带药无用法用量(16.66%)、给药方式错误(10.90%)、药物浓度不当(8.14%)、输液速度不当或无(8.08%) 等。结论:我院住院医嘱存在一定的不合理现象,药师通过前瞻性实时审方并进行干预,可防止差错事件发生,保障临床用药安全。     

我院静脉用药集中调配中心常见不合理医嘱分析

目的分析我院住院患者静脉输液不合理医嘱情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对我院静脉用药集中调配中心2012²013年2 613 267条静脉医嘱中的4 263条不合理医嘱进行回顾性统计分析。结果不合理医嘱类型主要涉及:电脑录入错误、溶媒选择不当、溶媒用量不当、配伍禁忌、用药频次不当、用药剂量不当等情况。结论通过药师对临床医嘱的干预,不合理医嘱发生率逐渐降低,促进了临床合理用药,提高了药学服务的质量。     

肾内科临床药师医嘱审核及典型案例

目的分析肾内科不合理医嘱干预情况及典型案例,为实施有效医嘱审核干预提供参考。方法回顾分析海南省人民医院2019年1—12月临床药师对肾内科住院医嘱审核的情况,对医嘱干预情况、不合理医嘱类型、不合理医嘱涉及药物种类进行统计分析,并就典型不合理用药案例进行分析。结果临床药师共提出141条医嘱干预,医师采纳112条,采纳率为79.43%。不合理医嘱类型中,给药剂量、频次不适宜占比最高,达65.25%;不合理医嘱涉及药物种类中,抗感染药物占比最高,为49.66%。结论临床药师实施医嘱审核有助于促进临床安全合理用药和临床药学服务的开展。     

Teaching medication adherence in US colleges and schools of pharmacy

Objective. To determine and describe the nature and extent of medication adherence education in US colleges and schools of pharmacy.Methods. A mixed-methods research study was conducted that included a national survey of pharmacy faculty members, a national survey of pharmacy students, and phone interviews of 3 faculty members and 6 preceptors.Results. The majority of faculty members and students agreed that background concepts in medication adherence are well covered in pharmacy curricula. Approximately 40% to 65% of the students sampled were not familiar with several adherence interventions. The 6 preceptors who were interviewed felt they were not well-informed on adherence interventions, unclear on what students knew about adherence, and challenged to provide adherence-related activities for students during practice experiences because of practice time constraints.Conclusions. Intermediate and advanced concepts in medication adherence, such as conducting interventions, are not adequately covered in pharmacy curriculums; therefore stakeholders in pharmacy education must develop national standards and tools to ensure consistent and adequate medication adherence education.     

福州市社区居民安全用药现状及教育需求调查

目的：调查了解社区居民安全用药知识水平的现状与用药教育的需求,探讨其影响因素,为制定合适的药学服务模式提供参考。方法：便利选取福州市200例社区居民进行问卷调查,SPSS20.0分析调查结果,统计方法采用描述性分析、Anova方差分析、Spearman相关分析、Logistic回归等。结果：居民安全用药认知与行为得分率分别为76.6%、71.7%,各维度分析显示自我购药得分最低。受教育程度是居民安全用药认知、行为与用药教育需求的影响因素（P<0.05）,不同工作状况的居民参加用药教育的频率有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：福州社区居民安全用药认知与行为仍然存在不足,其用药教育意识待加强;药师有必要根据不同学历居民的接受情况,并结合工作状况与性质,给予多样化、有针对性的安全用药指导。     

药物咨询的实践与分析

目的开展药物咨询工作,指导临床合理用药。方法设立临床药物咨询台,为患者解答疑问。结果增强了患者用药的依从性,并促进药师知识积累和更新,提高了业务水平。结论药物咨询是全程化、个体化药学服务的重要内容,促进了门诊药房工作的拓展和完善。     

黄石地区居民用药行为风险知识-态度-行为调查研究

目的 提高公众的用药安全,促进合理用药.方法 调查2020年7月至9月黄石地区居民用药行为风险的知识-态度-行为(KAP),分析不同人群的用药风险水平和安全用药教育现状,以及用药风险的影响因素.调查问卷采用《中国居民用药安全行为风险KAP调查研究》问卷,结果按6级量表进行赋分,评估居民用药风险水平(用药知识、用药前行为...     

临床药师干预对脑梗死患者用药依从性的影响

目的 探讨脑梗死患者用药依从性差的相关因素,研究药师用药教育对患者依从性的影响。方法 选取鼓楼医院2016年1-6月住院的128名因脑梗死复发住院的患者,对患者入院前用药类别和用药方法进行调查。在对患者进行用药教育后第3天和出院后1个月,对患者依从性进行随访。结果 入院前仅有36.7%的患者坚持每日服药,并对用药方法掌握明显不足。较低的依从性与患者上次住院期间未接受用药教育有关。药师对患者进行用药教育后,患者的依从性显著提升。结论 药师作为临床诊治的重要一环,进行用药教育对提高患者依从性、减少脑梗死的复发具有重要意义。     

风险管理在胰岛素及其类似物用药错误防范中的应用

目的：加强胰岛素及其类似物（以下简称胰岛素）的药品使用风险管理,保障患者用药安全。方法：借鉴危害分析和关键控制点（hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP）,失效模式影响分析（failure mode and effects analysis,FMEA）,失效模式、效应与危害性分析（failure mode,effects and criticality analysis,FMECA）的风险管理方法,确定关键控制点,对失效后果危害性进行分析,确定风险优先指数并进行评估。结果：针对各使用环节可能发生的错误设置控制措施,确定胰岛素使用关键控制点为：防范处方错误、调剂错误、用药依从性错误。目前某院胰岛素药品使用失效后果的风险优先指数大多处于低风险或中等风险的等级。结论：胰岛素使用过程中应重点防范处方错误、调剂错误、用药依从性错误的发生。HACCP、FMEA、FMECA是适合医院药品风险管理的方法。药师参与是减少用药错误的重要保障。     

Factors Associated With Medication Errors at a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

Background: Medication errors (MEs) continue to pose a significant problem to health care systems across the world, not only causing harm and death in patients but also consuming approximately $42 billion annually in health care expenditure. The emergency department (ED) is considered a high-risk area of having MEs to occur. Little is known about the associated factors of ME in the ED of hospitals in Malaysia. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with ME in an ED of a teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who visited the ED of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over 9 weeks during normal working hours (ie, 8:00 am-5:00 pm). A total of 547 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Patient demographic information, clinical characteristics, and medication orders and procedures were observed and recorded. The required number of patient data (n = 311) were selected randomly for analysis. Multiple logistic regression method was employed to determine factors associated with ME. Results: Of the 311 patient data, 95 (30.5%) patients had at least 1 ME. The factors found to be associated with ME were number of medications (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-2.41), triage (adjusted OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04-0.27), gender (adjusted OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26-0.93), and time of patient visit (adjusted OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.52-0.75). Conclusion: Medication error was not uncommon in our ED setting. Patients with a higher number of medications prescribed during visit to the ED were found to be particularly at risk. Identification of such factors may guide intervention measures to prevent MEs in this setting.     

236例药品不良反应报告分析

目的 了解本院药品不良反应(ADR)发生情况,促进临床合理用药.方法 采用回顾性方法,对本院2009～2011年成功上报省中心的236例ADR报告分别从药品种类、给药途径、引发ADR前10位的药品、ADR累及的器官或系统及临床表现等方面进行统计、分析.结果 ADR涉及药品104种,抗菌药物和中药制剂的ADR报告例数居第...     

Retrospective Analysis of Opioid Medication Incidents Requiring Administration of Naloxone

Background:

Opioid analgesics are high-alert medications known to cause adverse drug events.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of opioid incidents requiring administration of naloxone, an opioid reversal agent. The specific objectives were to determine the number of opioid incidents and the proportion of incidents documented through occurrence reporting and to characterize the incidents by phase in the medication-use process, by type of incident, and by drug responsible for toxic effects.

Methods:

A retrospective chart analysis was conducted using records from 2 acute care centres in the Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region. The study included inpatients who received naloxone for reversal of opioid toxicity resulting from licit, in-hospital opioid use. Cases were classified as preventable or nonpreventable. Preventable cases were analyzed to determine the phase of the medication-use process during which the incident occurred. These cases were also grouped thematically by the type of incident. The drug most likely responsible for opioid toxicity was determined for each case. The proportion of cases documented by occurrence reporting was also noted.

Results:

Thirty-six cases involving administration of naloxone were identified, of which 29 (81%) were deemed preventable. Of these 29 preventable cases, the primary medication incident occurred most frequently in the prescribing phase (23 [79%]), but multiple phases were often involved. The cases were grouped into 6 themes according to the type of incident. Morphine was the drug that most frequently resulted in toxic effects (18 cases [50%]). Only two of the cases (5.6%) were documented by occurrence reports.

Conclusion:

Preventable opioid incidents occurred in the acute care centres under study. A combination of medication safety initiatives involving multiple disciplines may be required to decrease the incidence of these events and to better document their occurrence.