切开复位钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端B、C型骨折

目的探讨切开复位钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端B、C型骨折临床疗效。方法对76例AO分型桡骨远端B、C型骨折患者分别予以掌侧或背侧入路,切开复位AOT形钢板或锁定加压接骨板(LCP)内固定治疗。结果76例随访6~28个月,骨折全部愈合。根据改良McBride评分标准,49例腕关节75°(背伸)~75°(掌屈),17例70°(背伸)~54°(掌屈),7例腕关节伸屈活动无疼痛,3例诉有轻微疼痛。无腕关节旋转活动受限,优良率92.1%。结论采用切开复位钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端B、C型骨折,能有效恢复桡骨远端的解剖结构,使腕关节功能达到较好恢复。     

锁定加压钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折

[目的] 探讨锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗桡骨远端AO分型C型骨折的初期疗效.[方法] 总结从2004年1月-2007年1月应用锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗桡骨远端C型闭合性骨折37例.手术采用掌侧入路,复位后于掌侧置入LCP钢板,在C型臂X线机透视下检查桡骨长度,桡骨关节面,掌倾角,及尺偏角复位情况,满意后置入锁定螺钉,必要时可以在临时固定下,前臂旋前位显露桡骨背侧组织,对于严重骨缺损者应予植骨.术后第1 d开始被动活动腕关节,1周后主动活动,功能锻炼.[结果] 全部获得随访,平均11个月(8～21个月).X线片显示骨折全部Ⅰ期愈合,平均愈合时间为8周,所有病例均无感染、骨不连、钢板松动、腕管综合征、正中神经炎等并发症.按改良的Mcbride腕关节功能评价标准:优25例,良8例,可4例,优良率为89.18%.[结论] 坚强内固 定下早期进行腕关节功能锻炼是治疗粉碎及不稳定桡骨远端骨折的有效措施,使用锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折具有复位满意,固定坚强,可早期进行功能锻炼,关节功能恢复优良等优点.     

掌侧锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折

目的 探讨锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的手术方法及临床疗效.方法 对27例桡骨远端C型骨折患者采用切开复位锁定加压钢板内固定治疗,必要时植骨.结果 27例均获得随访,时间5～17个月.骨折均骨性愈合.按照改良McBride腕关节功能评价标准评定疗效:优19例,良6例,可2例.结论 锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折具有比普通钢板更好的力学稳定性,尤其对不稳定及骨质疏松患者,允许术后早期功能锻炼,临床疗效满意.     

锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折初步报告

目的 探讨开放复位、锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效。方法2002年l～9月，采用切开复位LCP内固定治疗6例(1例双侧)桡骨远端不稳定骨折，其中男4例，女2例，患者平均37．6岁。按A0分类，B3型1侧，C1型3侧，C2型3侧。结果 全部6例获得7～15个月，平均10个月随访，骨折均完全愈合，平均愈合时间6周。按改良的Mcbride评分和纽约骨科医院腕关节功能评估标准，6例7侧功能评定均为优，无任何并发症发生。结论 早期切开复位AO新型LCP内固定是治疗桡骨远端稳定骨折的理想方法。     

锁定加压钢板在桡骨远端骨折中的应用

目的 探讨锁定加压钢板（locking compression plate，LCP）在桡骨远端骨折治疗中的应用效果。方法 对11例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者经掌侧或背侧切口进行切开复位、LCP内固定，其中3例给予自体骨移植，术后早期进行功能锻炼。结果 术后随访5～24个月，骨折愈合良好，根据改良McBride评分和纽约骨科医院腕关节评估标准：优8例，良2例，可1例，优良率达90．9％，疗效明显。结论 LCP内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折临床疗效满意，尤其适合合并骨质疏松的老年病人。     

不同方法治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的疗效比较

目的比较应用外固定支架与锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的疗效。方法 48例桡骨远端C型骨折的患者按手术方式不同分为外固定组(采用闭合复位外固定支架,24例)和内固定组(采用切开复位锁定钢板内固定,24例),比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术后腕关节功能。结果 48例获得随访,时间6~24(13.19±4.31)个月。术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间外固定组均少(短)于内固定组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后影像学在掌倾角、尺偏角:C1型骨折两种治疗方法比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);C2骨折内固定组优于外固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);C3型骨折外固定组优于内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论外固定支架与锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折C型骨折均可获得良好的临床疗效。在术后24周影像学比较中:C2型骨折锁定钢板内固定治疗在影像学上有更好的掌倾角和尺偏角,更有利于关节功能恢复;C3型骨折外固定支架具有更好的牵张力,更能有效避免桡骨远端关节面继发性塌陷。外固定支架治疗创伤较小,有利于术后腕关节功能恢复。     

“T“形锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的:探讨应用锁定加压接骨板(locking compression plate,LCP)治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效.方法:对16例桡骨远端骨折行切开复位LCP内固定,术后早期功能锻炼.结果:术后随访7～15个月,平均10个月,所有患者均获得骨性愈合.按照改良McBride评分和纽约骨科医院腕关节评估标准,优14例,良2例,无并发症发生.结论:LCP治疗桡骨远端骨折临床疗效满意,尤其对于不稳定型以及骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折,能够牢固维持复位,有利于患肢早期功能锻炼.     

锁定接骨板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定型骨折

目的 探讨掌侧解剖型锁定接骨板(LCP)内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定型骨折的方法及疗效.方法 对39例桡骨远端不稳定型骨折采用掌侧切开复位解剖型LCP内固定治疗,术后结合早期功能锻炼.结果 37例患者获得术后随访,平均随访13个月,应用改良Mcbride腕关节功能评价标准进行术后疗效评价,优21例,良12例,可3例,差1例,优良率达89.1%.结论 掌侧切开复位解剖型LCP内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定型骨折,能有效恢复关节解剖关系,固定牢靠,结合早期功能锻炼,有利于患肢功能恢复.     

"T"形锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的：探讨应用锁定加压接骨板(locking compression plate，LCP)治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法：对16例桡骨远端骨折行切开复位LCP内固定，术后早期功能锻炼。结果：术后随访7～15个月，平均10个月，所有患者均获得骨性愈合。按照改良McBride评分和纽约骨科医院腕关节评估标准，优14例，良2例，无并发症发生。结论：LCP治疗桡骨远端骨折临床疗效满意，尤其对于不稳定型以及骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折，能够牢固维持复位，有利于患肢早期功能锻炼。     

背侧入路解剖钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨背侧入路解剖钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的临床疗效。方法采用背侧入路解剖钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折20例。结果术后随访8-24个月，采用腕关节功能及X线片测量指标进行评定：优15例，良5例，优良率为100％。结论采用背侧入路解剖钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折具有良好的手术效果。     

手术治疗桡骨远端骨折的预后及影响因素分析

目的 探讨手术治疗桡骨远端骨折的预后并分析其影响因素. 方法 1999年1月至2008年7月手术治疗桡骨远端骨折104例(105侧),使用锁定加压钢板63侧,T形钢板40侧,克氏针1侧,克氏针加外固定架1侧.采用影像学评分、Gartland & Werley评分评价疗效,并分析其影响因素. 结果所有患者随访3～72个月,平均25个月.根据Batra影像学评分:优60侧,良37侧,可5侧,差3侧,优良率92.4%(97/105).年龄<65岁患者的影像学评分优于年龄≥65岁患者(P=0.013).根据Gartland & Werley评分:优84侧,良20侧,可1侧,优良率99.0%(104/105).骨折分型为轻型患者的Gartland & Werley评分优于骨折分型严重的患者(P=0.046).术中复位满意患者的Gartland & Werley结果为优的可能性是欠满意者的3,6倍(P=0.042).结论 切开复位板钉内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折可以取得良好的疗效.年龄是术后影像学评分的影响因素,骨折分型和术中复位情况可以对术后功能评分产生影响.     

Treatment of severely comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal end of the radius by open reduction and combined internal and external fixation

BACKGROUND: Severely comminuted AO type-C3 intra-articular fractures of the distal end of the radius are difficult to treat. Failure to achieve and maintain nearly anatomic restoration can result in pain, instability, and poor function. We report the results of a retrospective study of the use of a standard protocol of open reduction and combined internal and external fixation of these fractures. METHODS: Seventeen of twenty-five patients treated with the protocol were available for follow-up evaluation. Six had an AO type-C3.1 fracture; eight, type-C3.2; and three, type-C3.3. Eleven fractures required a dorsal buttress plate and/or a volar buttress plate, and eleven required bone-grafting. The mean time until the external fixator was removed was seven weeks. RESULTS: At a mean of thirty months postoperatively, the mean arc of flexion-extension was 72% of that on the uninjured side and the mean grip strength was 73% of that on the uninjured side. The mean articular step-off was 1 mm, the total articular incongruity (the gap plus the step-off) averaged 2 mm, and the radial length was restored to a mean of 11 mm. Thirteen patients had less than 3 mm of total articular incongruity. Arthritis was graded as none in three patients, mild in ten, moderate in three, and severe in one. According to the Gartland and Werley demerit-point system, ten of the patients had a good or excellent result. According to the modified Green and O'Brien clinical rating system, five had a good or excellent result. One patient had a fracture collapse requiring wrist fusion, one had reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and three had minor Kirschner-wire-related problems. Total articular incongruity immediately postoperatively had a moderately strong correlation with the outcome as assessed with both clinical rating systems (r = 0.70 and 0.74 for the Gartland and Werley system and the Green and O'Brien system, respectively; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Open reduction and combined internal and external fixation of AO type-C3 fractures can restore radiographic parameters to nearly normal values, maintain reduction throughout the period of fracture-healing, and provide satisfactory functional results.     

影响AO掌侧锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折疗效因素的随访研究

目的 通过分析AO掌侧锁定加压接骨板(locking compression plate LCP)治疗桡骨远端骨折的随访结果,探讨影响掌侧LCP治疗桡骨远端骨折疗效的因素.方法 对2004年7月-2007年10月,在我科采用AO掌侧LCP治疗的55例桡骨远端骨折患者进行随访.随访内容包括测量腕关节运动范围及握力,应用Gartland/Werley腕关节评分法和DASH上肢功能评定标准进行评分.结果 55例患者获得6～44个月的随访(平均17.3个月),骨折均愈合.疗效按Cartard/Werley腕关节评分:优32例,良10例,可12例,差1例,优良率76.4%;DASH上肢功能评定得分为[(9.3±13.8)分,x±s,下同].≤55岁组DASH评分为(9.2±15.6)分,Cartland/Wedey腕关节评分为(3.8 4±5.2);＞55岁组DASH评分为(9.4±11.2)分,Gartland/erley腕关节评分为(4.8±5.1);两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).单纯桡骨远端骨折组DASH评分为(4.9±6.4)分,Gaaland/Wedcy腕关节评分为(2.7±3.8);伴有尺侧损伤或严重局部软组织损伤组DASH评分为(14.1±18.0)分,Gartland/Werley腕关节评分为(5.9±6.0);两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 AO掌侧LCP治疗桡骨远端骨折的固定效果好,配合适当的术后功能锻炼,可取得良好的疗效.采用AO掌侧IEP作内固定在≤55岁和＞55岁两个年龄组中腕关节功能恢复相近,而伴有尺侧损伤或严重局部软组织损伤者功能恢复较差.     

Trimed fixation system for displaced fractures of the distal radius

OBJECTIVE: To study the functional outcome of displaced distal radius fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with the use of fragment-specific fixation. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive displaced distal radius fractures (5 extra-articular and 10 intra-articular) were treated using the Trimed distal radius fixation system (Trimed, Valencia, CA). Radiographic assessment and range of motion of the affected wrist were evaluated postoperatively. Functional outcomes were evaluated with use of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire and the Gartland and Werley scoring system. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 11 months. The patients initiated controlled passive and active motion exercises during the first week. The mean score on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire was 16 points. The mean return to work was 12 weeks. The functional outcome was 80% excellent or good by the Gartland and Werley scoring system for intra-articular fractures and 80% excellent for extra-articular fractures. Range of active motion in intra-articular fractures was measured 60 degrees wrist extension, 64 degrees flexion, 65 degrees pronation, and 70 degrees supination, and for extra-articular fractures, 75 degrees extension, 70 degrees flexion, 80 degrees pronation, and 75 degrees supination. There was failure of fixation with loss of the reduction that was achieved at the time of operation in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Fragment-specific fixation of unstable distal radius fractures using the Trimed system appears to be effective. Anatomic reduction, earlier range of motion, and improved functional results can be achieved using low-profile implants.     

Two peg spade plate for distal radius fractures: A novel technique

Background:

The management of distal radius fractures raises considerable debate among orthopedic surgeons. The amount of axial shortening of the radius correlates with the functional disability after the fracture. Furthermore, articular incongruity has been correlated with the development of arthritis at the radiocarpal joint. We used two peg volar spade plate to provide a fixed angle subchondral support in comminuted distal radius fractures with early mobilization of the joint.

Materials and Methods:

Forty patients (26 males and 14 females) from a period between January 2009 and December 2011 were treated with two peg volar spade plate fixation for distal radius fracture after obtaining reduction using a mini external fixator. Patients were evaluated using the demerit point system of Gartland and Werley and Sarmiento modification of Lindstrom criteria at final followup of 24 months.

Results:

The average age was 43.55 years (range 23-57 years). Excellent to good results were seen in 85% (n = 34) and in all patients when rated according to the demerit point system of Gartland and Werley and Sarmiento modification of Lindstrom criteria, respectively. Complications observed were wrist stiffness in 5% (n = 2) and reflex sympathetic dystrophy in 2.5% (n = 1).

Conclusions:

The two peg volar spade plate provides a stable subchondral support in comminuted intraarticular fractures and maintains reduction in osteoporotic fractures of the distal radius. Early mobilization with this implant helps in restoring wrist motion and to prevent development of wrist stiffness.     

桡骨远端骨折腕关节MRI和疗效评估的临床研究

目的 探讨桡骨远端骨折疗效欠佳的原因，及其与骨折伴发的软组织损伤的关系。方法 对65例桡骨远端骨折内固定物取出术后，经平均1．8年随访的患者，选择其中20例（评分为良4例，可11例，差5例）进行腕关节MRI检查，观察关节软骨和腕尺侧三角纤维软骨（triangularfibro cartilage，TFC）的损伤情况。结果 MRI检查发现，9例有明显的TFC损伤（占45％，其中评分为良1例，可3例，差5例）。8例有桡骨远端关节软骨的损伤（40％，评分为可3例，差5例）。结论 TFC损伤和创伤性关节炎可能是影响桡骨远端骨折疗效，造成术后腕部慢性疼痛的主要原因。     

掌侧锁定接骨板与外固定架固定治疗不稳定桡骨远端关节内骨折的疗效比较

目的比较掌侧锁定接骨板与外固定架固定治疗不稳定桡骨远端关节内骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2018-03诊治的78例不稳定桡骨远端关节内骨折,47例采用掌侧锁定接骨板固定手术治疗(锁定板组),31例采用外固定架手术治疗(外固定组)。比较2组手术时间、并发症情况,以及末次随访时关节塌陷情况、DASH评分、Gartland-Werley评分、握力、屈曲度、背伸度、旋前度、旋后度、桡侧倾斜度、尺侧倾斜度。结果 78例均顺利完成手术,随访时间12~32个月,平均16.2个月。锁定板组手术时间较外固定组长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组并发症情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时2组DASH评分、Gartland-Werley评分、握力、腕关节背伸度、旋后度、桡侧倾斜度以及尺侧倾斜度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);锁定板组在屈曲度、旋前度表现较外固定组更好,关节塌陷数较外固定组少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论掌侧锁定接骨板手术治疗不稳定性桡骨远端关节内骨折能更好地恢复腕关节的屈曲和旋前功能,维持关节面平整性,但并不能减少并发症以及获得更好的功能评分;医师应综合考虑骨折分型、关节面塌陷以及患者的需求,选择合适的手术方法。     

T形锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的探讨T形锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法对21例按AO分类为B型和C型的桡骨远端骨折患者,应用T形锁定加压接骨板进行内固定治疗。结果19例获得随访,时间4～10（6.5±1.9）个月。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间6～12（7.4±1.3）周。根据改良Mcbride腕关节功能评价标准：优12例,良5例,差2例。结论采用T形锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折具有固定可靠,尤其对不稳定的骨折患者具有良好的治疗效果,并有利于患肢早期的功能锻炼。     

Outcome Following Acute Primary Distal Ulna Resection for Comminuted Distal Ulna Fractures at the Time of Operative Fixation of Unstable Fractures of the Distal Radius

Optimal acute management of the highly comminuted distal ulna head/neck fracture sustained in conjunction with an unstable distal radius fracture requiring operative fixation is not well established. The purpose of the present study was to determine the clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes following acute primary distal ulna resection for comminuted distal ulna fractures performed in conjunction with the operative fixation of unstable distal radius fractures. Between 2000 and 2007, 11 consecutive patients, mean age 62 years (range, 30–75) were treated for concomitant closed, comminuted, unstable fractures of the distal radius and ulna metaphysis. All 11 patients underwent distal ulna resection through a separate dorsal ulnar incision with ECU tenodesis following surgical fixation of the distal radius fracture. According to the Q modifier of the Comprehensive Classification of Fractures, there were six comminuted fractures of the ulnar neck (Q3) and five fractures of the head/neck (Q5). Operative fixation of the distal radius fracture included volar plate fixation in four patients and spanning external fixation with supplemental percutaneous Kirschner wires in seven patients. At a mean of 42 months (range, 18–61 months) postoperatively, clinical, radiographic, and wrist-specific functional outcome with the modified Gartland and Werley wrist score were evaluated. At latest follow-up, mean wrist range of motion measured 53° flexion (range, 35–60°), 52° extension (range, 30–60°), 81° pronation (range, 75–85°), and 77° supination (range, 70–85°). Mean grip strength measured 90% of the contralateral, uninjured extremity (range, 50–133%). No patient had distal ulna instability. Final radiographic assessment demonstrated restoration of distal radius articular alignment. According to the system of Gartland and Werley as modified by Sarmiento, there were seven excellent and four good results. No patient has required a secondary surgical procedure. Acute primary distal ulna resection yields satisfactory clinical, radiographic, and functional results in appropriately selected patients and represents a reliable alternative to open reduction and internal fixation when anatomic restoration of the distal ulna/sigmoid notch cannot be achieved. Primary distal ulna resection with distal radius fracture fixation may help avoid secondary procedures related to distal ulna fixation or symptomatic post-traumatic distal radioulnar joint arthrosis.     

Treatment of distal radius fractures with a low-profile dorsal plating system: an outcomes assessment

PURPOSE: To evaluate objective functional and radiographic outcomes after internal fixation of acute, displaced, and unstable fractures of the distal aspect of the radius in adults by using a low-profile dorsal plating system. Our hypothesis was that the low-profile dorsal plating system would allow for a reduction of extensor tendon irritation and pain and provide stable osseous fixation. METHODS: Sixty consecutive unstable fractures in 59 patients were treated by open reduction internal fixation using a low-profile dorsal plating system. There were 29 type A, 14 type B, and 8 type C fractures (AO classification system). Fifty patients with 51 fractures returned for outcomes assessment by physical examination, plain radiographs, and completion of a validated musculoskeletal function assessment questionnaire. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year; the mean follow-up period was 24 months. Clinical evaluation was performed and plain radiographs were assessed for maintenance of immediate postoperative reduction and implant position. Objective functional assessment was obtained through the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. RESULTS: Outcomes analysis showed no cases of extensor tendon irritation or rupture. Hardware removal was performed in 1 patient but no extensor tendon irritation or rupture was evidenced. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 11.9; implant-related discomfort was minimal. All patients had an excellent (31 patients) or good (19 patients) result according to the scoring system of Gartland and Werley. The mean active range of motion was greater than 80% of that of the contralateral wrist in flexion/extension, pronation/supination, and ulnar/radial deviation. Extensor tendon function was unimpaired in all patients. Grip and pinch strength averaged 90% and 94% of the contralateral sides, respectively. Radiographic evaluation showed no change in fracture reduction or implant position. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of distal radius fractures with a low-profile stainless steel dorsal plating system is a safe and effective method that provides stable internal fixation and allows for full extensor tendon glide and full metacarpophalangeal joint motion. Objective outcome testing showed uniformly good to excellent recovery of wrist and hand function in all patients. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.