RapidArc联合主动呼吸控制技术应用于胸段食管癌调强放疗的剂量学研究

目的 探讨RapidArc联合主动呼吸控制(ABC)技术在胸段食管癌调强放疗的剂量学特点.方法 选取10例接受放疗的胸段食管癌患者,在ABC辅助下选择吸气末屏气触发方式(mDIBH),触发阈值设定为呼吸曲线峰值的80％,和自由呼吸(FB)状态下分别行定位CT扫描,应用三维治疗计划系统为每例患者设计FB下的IMRT(IMRT-FB)和双弧RapidArc( Arc-FB)、mDIBH下的3个小弧RapidArc( Arc-A BC)3种调强放疗计划.评价靶区的D2％、D98％、V95,均匀指数(HI)和适形指数(CI),正常组织的相关剂量体积参数Vx,以及总机器跳数(MU)、总控制点数( control points)和治疗时间.结果 PTV的平均体积由FB下的376 cm3减少到了mDIBH下的260cm3.mDIBH下的双肺平均体积为5964.6 cm3,而FB则为3838.8 cm3,增加了35％;mDIBH和FB状态下平均心脏体积分别为524.4和642.7 cm3.Arc-ABC计划靶区的CI、HI及D2％、D98％、V95与IMRT-FB和Arc-FB计划差异无统计学意义,双肺的V10、V20、V30、V40及平均剂量(Dmean)明显低于IMRT-FB和Arc-FB(F=4.38、5.34、4.07、3.89、4.28,P＜0.05),心脏的V20、V30、V40、Dmean及脊髓Dmax有不同程度的下降,但差异无统计学意义.Arc-ABC计划的总机器跳数和子野数也明显少于IMRT-FB计划(F=26.86、12.56,P＜0.05).结论 RapidArc联合ABC在胸段食管癌精确放疗中具有提高靶区剂量和降低肺组织受照剂量的作用.     

原发性肝细胞肝癌手术联合放疗的进展

肝癌是一种严重危害人类健康的常见恶性肿瘤,手术切除是早中期肝细胞肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）的主要根治手段,而术后复发率高是影响其疗效的主要因素。然而,目前尚无普遍接受的可降低HCC术后较高复发率的辅助治疗方式。精准放疗技术的应用,使肿瘤局部可准确地获得更高的放疗剂量,也越来越多地应用于HCC的治疗。鉴于精准放疗在中晚期肝癌的治疗地位越来越明确,而是否能作为HCC的辅助治疗尚有争议,本文将综述放疗作为手术的辅助治疗在HCC的研究进展,以期为HCC的临床辅助治疗的应用提供参考依据。     

经动脉化疗栓塞联合伽玛刀治疗原发性肝癌的疗效评价

目的评估经皮动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合伽玛刀治疗原发性肝癌的近期临床疗效。方法 259例原发性肝癌患者,随机分成A、B两组,A组(联合治疗组)135例采用TACE+伽玛刀治疗,B组(对照组)124例采用TACE治疗。完成治疗3个月后复查肿瘤大小,所有病例随访2年。结果 259例患者全部完成治疗,A、B两组总有效率(CR+PR)分别为83.7%、50.8%;6、12、18、24个月的生存率分别为96.2%、85.9%、71.2%、54.1%和82.3%、65.3%、524%、33.1%,差异有统计学意义;不良反应无明显差异。结论 TACE联合伽玛刀治疗原发性肝癌有较好的近期效果,优于单纯介入治疗,远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

左侧乳腺癌保乳术后ABC与Catalyst呼吸门控系统动态调强放疗的剂量学分析

目的 对比自主呼吸门控系统(ABC)和Catalyst呼吸门控系统在左侧乳腺癌保乳术后的剂量学差异。方法 回顾性选取深圳市人民医院放疗科2020年11月至2021年8月收治的左侧乳腺癌保乳术后女性患者48例,分成ABC和Catalyst组,设计动态调强放疗(IMRT)计划。分析2组计划的靶区和危及器官的剂量学差异。结果 2组呼吸门控IMRT计划在胸壁靶区的D_90%、D_98%、D_max、D_mean、适形指数、均匀性指数及机器跳数方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。2种呼吸门控深吸气屏气(DIBH)模式IMRT计划在患侧肺、心脏方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。ABC组和Catalyst组冠状动脉左前降支D_mean、D_max、D_2%依次为(1 047.72±1 401.84)vs.(454.48±206.26)、(1 619.28±809.05)vs.(1 068.53±419.63)、(1 405.85±798.30)vs.(1 016.54±592.00) cGy,Catalyst优于ABC呼吸门控组,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.07、-3.18、-2.07,P＜0.05)。结论 ABC和Catalyst呼吸门控系统均满足临床治疗要求,Catalyst较ABC呼吸门控可进一步降低冠状动脉左前降支受照射剂量。     

容积旋转调强与固定野调强在晚期宫颈癌放疗的剂量学比较及疗效观察

目的 比较容积旋转调强（RapidArc）和固定野调强（IMRT）技术在宫颈癌根治性放疗的剂量学参数、急性不良反应发生率及疗效。方法 回顾性分析43例局部晚期（II_b~IV）宫颈癌患者,其中22例行容积旋转调强放疗,21例行固定野调强放疗,处方剂量50.4 Gy/28次,比较两组靶区剂量适形度、均匀性、靶区及危及器官的剂量、机器跳数及治疗时间;对比两组患者治疗期间的急性肠道及膀胱反应发生率;对比两组患者的完全缓解率和有效率。结果 与IMRT计划相比,RapidArc计划的靶区适形性指数CI略好,但差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;两组计划的靶区均匀性指数HI比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。RapidArc计划中膀胱的V₄₀、V₅₀以及直肠的V₃₀、V₄₀、V₅₀均低于IMRT计划（t=-2.386、-2.397、-5.525、-2.883、-2.686,P < 0.05）,RapidArc计划中股骨头的平均剂量低于IMRT计划（t=-2.395,P < 0.05）。RapidArc较IMRT平均MU减少了53.15%,治疗所需平均时间缩短了62.14%。两组患者肠道、膀胱急性反应发生率相近。两组患者完全缓解率和有效率相近。结论 晚期宫颈癌根治性放疗中,采用RapidArc技术可以降低危及器官受量,缩短患者的治疗时间。     

化疗栓塞联合质子放射治疗肝癌合并门脉主干癌栓的临床应用

目的 探讨栓塞化疗联合质子放射治疗肝癌合并门脉主干癌栓的临床效果.方法 46例肝癌合并门静脉癌柃患者,接受介入栓塞化疗与质子联合治疗,将质子放射治疗分程并与介入治疗交替进行.评价其近期疗效、放射反应、随访生存率.结果 有效率91.3%,门脉癌栓消失率45.6%,肝功能恢复良好,AFP水平显著下降;放疗中或放疗后无一例发生明确的急慢性放射性肝损伤或放射性肝病;1、6个月,1、2年生存率分别为100%、89.1%、52.2%、21.4%.中位生存期17.6个月.结论 对于合并门脉癌栓形成的晚期肝癌患者,介入联合质子放射治疗是一种新的安全有效方法.     

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the spine treated with RapidArc volumetric-modulated radiotherapy

Radiotherapy for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) using volumetric intensity-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT). A 48-year-old woman was referred for curative irradiation of a vertebral EHE after failure of surgery. A comparison between VMAT and conventional conformal tridimensional (3D) dosimetry was performed and potential advantage of VMAT for sparing critical organs from irradiation׳s side effects was discussed. The total delivered dose on the planning target volume was 54 Gy in 27 fractions. The patient was finally treated with VMAT. The tolerance was excellent. There was no acute toxicity, including no increase in pain. With a follow-up of 18 months, no delayed toxicity was reported. The clinical response consisted of a decrease in the dorsal pain. The D_max for the spinal cord was reduced from 55 Gy (3D-radiotherapy [RT]) (which would be an unacceptable dose to the spine because of the risk of myelopathy) to 42.8 Gy (VMAT), which remains below the recommended dose threshold (45 Gy). The dose delivered to 20% of organ volume (D₂₀) was reduced from 47 Gy (3D-RT) to 3 Gy (VMAT) for the spinal cord. The study shows that VMAT allows the delivery of curative treatment for vertebral EHEs because of critical organ sparing.     

容积旋转调强与固定野动态调强在宫颈癌术后放疗的剂量学比较

目的 比较容积旋转调强（RapidArc）与固定野动态调强（IMRT）两种宫颈癌术后放疗的剂量学参数及急性不良反应发生率,为临床治疗技术的选择提供参考依据。方法 选取35例宫颈癌术后盆腔预防放疗患者,其中,17例接受RapidArc,18例接受IMRT,处方剂量50 Gy,共25次。比较两组治疗计划的剂量-体积直方图（DVH）、靶区剂量适形度、均匀性、靶区及危及器官的剂量、机器跳数及治疗时间;对比两组患者治疗期间的急性肠道及膀胱反应发生率。结果 与IMRT相比,RapidArc靶区剂量适形度较高（t=3.13,P<0.05）,但均匀性略低（t=-4.25,P<0.05）;RapidArc计划中股骨头V₂₀、V₃₀均低于IMRT（t=2.56、2.34,P<0.05）;RapidArc计划机器跳数减少了52.1%,治疗所需时间缩短了46.8%。两组患者肠道、膀胱急性不良反应发生率相近。结论 对于宫颈癌术后盆腔预防放疗患者,采用RapidArc或IMRT技术均可达到靶区的剂量要求及保护危及器官的目的。RapidArc计划靶区剂量学参数、急性不良反应发生率与IMRT计划比较未见明显优势,但机器跳数与出束时间明显优于IMRT计划,实现了治疗效率的大幅提高。     

DEB-TACE联合MWA及阿帕替尼治疗巨块型肝癌的临床疗效

目的 探讨DEB-TACE联合MWA及阿帕替尼治疗巨块型肝癌的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析昆明医科大学第一附属医院2017年7月至2019年7月采用载药微球(DEB)-TACE联合MWA及阿帕替尼治疗的23例巨块型肝癌患者的临床资料,根据改良实体肿瘤评价标准评估临床疗效,评估DEB-TACE及消融术后并发症及口服阿帕替尼...     

Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for the treatment of arteriovenous shunting in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy for the treatment of arteriovenous shunting (AVS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Between November 1997 and April 2005, 20 HCC patients with AVS were referred to our department for radiotherapy. The radiation was delivered with 10-15 MV X-ray given 5 days per week at 2 approximately 2.5 Gy per fraction. Total doses ranged from 45 to 64 Gy (median dose 60 Gy). The patients were followed up with color Doppler sonography. When non-invasive imaging suggested obliteration, X-ray angiography was performed to verify the results. Four of the 20 AVS proved to be completely obliterated at X-ray angiography in 1.9, 2.8, 1.8 and 2.9 months after radiotherapy. One of the remaining 16 showed obvious regression on Doppler sonography 0.5 months after radiotherapy, but X-ray angiography was not performed to verify the result. Radiation-related hepatic failure did not occur during the follow-up period. In conclusion, radiotherapy is a treatment alternative for AVS in HCC patients and gives patients with poor prognosis the chance to receive further transcatheter arterial embolization.     

Evaluation of combined therapy with chemoembolization and irradiation for large hepatocellular carcinoma

The effects of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiotherapy in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analysed retrospectively. A total of 107 patients with large unresectable HCC was treated with TACE followed by external beam irradiation. The largest dimension of the tumours ranged from 5 cm to 18 cm. Acute effects, survival rates, toxicity and prognostic factors were analysed. Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 98 months (median 24 months). An objective response, i.e. reduction of tumour area greater than 50%, was achieved in 48.6% of cases. In 64.9% of the cases with increased alpha-feto protein (AFP) values, AFP level underwent a reduction of more than 25%. The cumulative survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 59.4%, 28.4% and 15.8%, respectively (median survival 18 months). The combination therapy was generally well tolerated. Only two patients died from liver failure or variceal bleeding associated with therapy. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that the number of tumours and the irradiation dose were independent prognostic factors. The results indicate that combined TACE with radiotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach for large unresectable HCC. Prospective controlled trials to ascertain the real potential benefit of this approach are required.     

Combination radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with intraductal tumor thrombus: a case report

We report the successful treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with an intraductal tumor thrombus in a 67-year-old male. Abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) revealed intrahepatic biliary dilatation in the left hepatic lobe and an intraductal tumor thrombus. The main tumor lesion was not clearly visualized on abdominal US, dynamic CT, and hepatic angiography. We biopsied the intraductal tumor thrombus under US guidance. Histologically the biopsy specimen was a poorly differentiated HCC We thus diagnosed HCC with intraductal tumor thrombus. The total serum bilirubin level gradually rose to 3.1 mg/dl. This tumor was inoperable because of severe hepatic dysfunction. We chose to treat the patient with radiotherapy aimed only at the intraductal tumor thrombus because the main tumor was unclear. A percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) tube was inserted into the common bile duct beyond the tumor thrombus and the tube was dilated. Once total serum bilirubin had reached the normal range, a combination of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) plus an intraluminal brachytherapy, 192Ir boost was administered. The intraductal tumor thrombus was found to have vanished and the PTBD tube was removed. After this treatment, transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization was performed at the point of tumor appearance. This patient had a relatively long survival, approximately 30 months, with no clinical evidence of recurrent disease and biliary drainage was not necessary.     

沙利度胺联合放疗治疗食管癌长期生存分析

目的 研究沙利度胺下调食管癌患者放疗中血清血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)水平对食管癌患者长期生存的影响。方法 根据81例食管癌患者放疗中血清VEGF水平分为用药组(沙利度胺)32例和未用药组49例,通过随访观察分析其总生存率(OS)和无进展生存率(PFS),根据32例使用沙利度胺处理后的血清VEGF水平变化,又分降低组20例和升高组12例,分析其OS和PFS。对预后因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 用药组和未用药组的中位生存期及1、3年生存率分别为17.0个月、59.4%、31.5%和18.7个月、56.4%、28.6%;两组的OS和PFS分别比较,差异均无统计学意义。VEGF水平降低组和升高组的中位生存期及1、3年生存率分别为19.7个月、65.0%、42.1%和10.7个月、43.3%、8.3%;两组OS和PFS比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=4.345、4.157,P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,临床分期是食管癌患者总生存率的独立预后因素,性别、病变部位对患者预后没有影响。结论 对于用药后VEGF水平降低患者,沙利度胺联合放疗能够增加食管癌患者远期疗效。     

Low-output radiofrequency ablation combined with transcatheter arterial oily-chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

We devised low-output radiofrequency ablation (RFA)combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using iodized oil mixed with anticancer drugs (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), to reduce the cooling effect of tumoral arterial blood flow, to prevent intraportal disseminations and intrahepatic metastases by sudden ebullition (bumping), and to obtain an adequate margin of safety. We performed low-output RFA on 10 HCC patients. We performed RFA with a lower output of 90W or less within two weeks after TACE. After the ablation, portal venous-phase CT images showed a low-density margin of 5 mm or larger around the site of iodized-oil accumulation, indicating that the necrotic area completely included the tumor. No intrahepatic metastasis or severe complication occurred. Low-output RFA combined with TACE is a safe, effective therapy for HCC.     

CalliSpheres联合阿帕替尼治疗肝癌的安全性和有效性

【摘要】 目的 探讨Callispheres载药微球联合阿帕替尼治疗肝癌的安全性与有效性。方法 回顾性分析昆明医科大学第一附属医院2017年7月至2018年10月采用载药微球（DEB）- TACE联合阿帕替尼治疗的37例肝癌患者，临床疗效根据改良实体肿瘤评价标准进行评价，并评估DEB- TACE术后并发症与口服阿帕替尼的不良反应。 结果 患者接受治疗后1、3个月的总有效率（ORR）分别为83.7%、80.8%。其中位无进展生存期（mPFS）为6.1个月，中位的总生存期（mOS）为13.8个月。DEB- TACE术后不良反应主要有发热、腹痛、肝功能受损等；阿帕替尼不良反应主要为手足综合征、皮肤色素沉着症、继发性高血压等。所有不良反应均未超过3级且可通过对症支持治疗或减少阿帕替尼的服药剂量进行控制。结论 CalliSpheres载药微球联合阿帕替尼为肝癌患者提供一种效益较高的治疗方案，且不良反应轻，易耐受，值得临床进一步推广应用。     

氩氦刀联合肝动脉介入治疗原发性肝癌的免疫效应研究

目的通过比较单纯氩氦刀治疗、单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗（TACE）和氩氦刀联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌前、后的甲胎蛋白（AFP）及T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,探讨氩氦刀联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌的临床价值。方法①将99例原发性肝癌患者随机分为3组,氩氦刀治疗组（A组）、TACE组（B组）和联合组（C组）,3组患者性别、年龄、病理比较差异无统计学意义,有可比性。②通过治疗前、后AFP及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群测定评价。结果3组治疗后与治疗前AFP比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;C组与A、B组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。3组治疗后T淋巴细胞哑群（Th、Ts及Th／Ts）与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;C组与A、B组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论从AFP及T淋巴细胞弧群指标分析,氩氦刀联合TACE治疗组AFP下降和T淋巴细胞亚群变化好于其他单纯治疗组。     

放疗联合动脉化疗栓塞及酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗肝癌合并瘤栓的长期结果

目的 探讨调强放疗联合动脉化疗栓塞及酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI）治疗肝细胞性肝癌合并静脉瘤栓患者的长期随访结果。方法 回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年10月北京大学肿瘤医院收治的63例肝细胞性肝癌合并静脉瘤栓且无远处转移患者,其中28例接受调强放疗联合动脉化疗栓塞及索拉非尼（A组）,35例接受调强放疗联合动脉化疗栓塞（B组）。采用倾向评分配比法,分析联合与不联合索拉非尼组的治疗疗效。结果 中位随访时间62个月。A组和B组的中位生存时间分别为19.0和15.2个月（χ²=3.15,P=0.076）,A组的中位无进展生存时间为10.7个月,高于B组的8.6个月（χ²=3.99,P=0.046）。经过倾向评分配比平衡组间差异后,A组的中位生存时间为30.6个月,明显高于B组的15.2个月（χ²=5.34,P=0.023）;A组的中位无进展生存时间12.5个月,仍然高于B组的8.3个月（χ²=4.79,P=0.026）。全组10例（15.9%）患者治疗中出现3级血液学毒性,7例（11.1%）患者出现3级肝功能异常。A组较B组的皮肤反应、手足综合征和腹泻发生率高,但均为1~2级不良反应。全组无4级不良反应,无放射诱发肝病及治疗相关死亡发生。结论 长期随访结果显示,肝细胞性肝癌合并静脉瘤栓患者在调强放疗加动脉化疗栓塞的基础上联合TKI提高了疗效。