新生儿、儿童及成人外周血CD4~+和CD8~+T细胞分泌IFN-γ及IL-4变化的研究

本研究应用相应的荧光标记的抗体 ,从单细胞水平检测了正常无家族过敏史的 17例新生儿、 18例儿童及 10例成人外周血CD4+ 、CD8+ 细胞分泌IFN γ、IL 4的变化 ,结果显示产生IFN γ的CD4+ (Th1)和CD8+ (Tc1)细胞、产生IL 4的CD4+ (Th2 )细胞及同时产生IFN γ/IL 4的CD4+ (Th0 )细胞 ,随着年龄的增长而明显增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Th1/Th2比值也明显升高 (P <0 0 5 )。表明从新生儿期至成人Th1、Tc1、Th2、Th0有一个正常生理性增加过程 ,其中Th1、Tc1变化更为显著 ,可能与抗原暴露接触有关。     

新生儿、儿童及成人外周血CD4^＋和CD8^＋T细胞分泌IFN—γ及IL—4变化研究

本研究应用相应的荧光标记的抗体 ,从单细胞水平检测了正常无家族过敏史的 17例新生儿、 18例儿童及 10例成人外周血CD4+ 、CD8+ 细胞分泌IFN γ、IL 4的变化 ,结果显示产生IFN γ的CD4+ (Th1)和CD8+ (Tc1)细胞、产生IL 4的CD4+ (Th2 )细胞及同时产生IFN γ/IL 4的CD4+ (Th0 )细胞 ,随着年龄的增长而明显增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Th1/Th2比值也明显升高 (P <0 0 5 )。表明从新生儿期至成人Th1、Tc1、Th2、Th0有一个正常生理性增加过程 ,其中Th1、Tc1变化更为显著 ,可能与抗原暴露接触有关。     

Th1/Th2、Tc1/Tc2亚群在乙肝肝硬化患者中的作用

目的 :探讨乙肝肝硬化患者外周血 (PBMC)中CD4 和CD8 T细胞内Th1和Th2类细胞的平衡状态 ,探明Th1、Th2类细胞在乙肝肝硬化中的作用。方法 :乙肝肝硬化患者CD4 T细胞和CD8 T细胞中IFN γ 和IL 4 细胞的百分率 ,观察乙肝肝硬化患者Th1 Th2、Tc1 Tc2比例的变化。结果 :乙肝肝硬化患者PBMC中CD4 ,CD8细胞 ,CD4 CD8比值与健康对照者相比无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,Th1细胞及Tc1细胞百分率为 8 8% ,9 0 % ,较健康对照者 7 5 % ,7 7%升高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :乙肝肝硬化患者外周血T细胞亚群发生Th1类偏移 ,在乙肝肝硬化的发生和发展中可能起重要作用     

类风关滑膜浸润T细胞特性与致病机制研究

为研究类风湿关节炎时关节滑膜浸润性T细胞生物学特性与致病机制 ,对 10例RA患者滑膜液中淋巴细胞的免疫表型、细胞因子分泌格局与趋化因子受体表达进行了分析。用双色荧光标记法分别测定滑膜液中和外周血淋巴细胞表型与趋化因子受体表达。用ELISA方法检测滑膜液与外周血中IFN γ、IL 10、IL 4与IL 12的含量。结果是滑膜液中的CD4 + T淋巴细胞为 4 0 0 %± 11% ,CD8+ T细胞为 34 0 %± 6 % ,CD4 + 与CD8+ T细胞的比值为 1 2 ,显著低于外周血中CD4 /CD8的比值。滑膜液中CD3和CD2 5双阳性的活化T细胞占 16 %± 6 0 %。趋化因子受体CCR5表达较低 ,与外周血无明显差异。但CX CR3表达水平较高 ,为 16 %± 4 0 % ,远远高于外周血 (仅为 0 5 %± 0 3% )。IFN γ在滑膜液中含量很高 ,达 (36 6 7± 4 3 2 )pg/ml,而外周血中含量仅为 (2 0 1± 3 2 )pg/ml。IL 4含量未能测得 (<15pg/ml ) ,与外周血相似。IL 12含量为 (4 19 9±89 2 )pg/ml,远高于外周血中的含量 (6 5 32± 34 2 )pg/ml。IL 10含量为 (187 7± 34 5 )pg/ml,高于外周血中的含量 (85±12 7)pg/ml。在所测细胞因子中 ,关节滑膜液中IFN γ和IL 12的含量与外周血相比具有显著的统计学差异。表明RA关节滑膜液中有相当数量的T细胞浸润。这些T细胞     

强直性脊柱炎TH亚群激活及T细胞活化状态研究

目的 :研究强直性脊柱炎 (AS)患者TH1 TH2细胞激活状态及T细胞活化状况 ,探讨其发病机理。方法 :运用流式细胞仪 (CBA)法检测 35例AS患者TH1(INF γ、TNF α、IL 2 )、TH2 (IL 10、IL 5、IL 4 )细胞因子水平以及外周血淋巴细胞CD3 、CD4 、CD8 T细胞、B细胞 (CD19 )、NK细胞 (CD16 5 6 )和CD3 HLA DR 、CD4 HLA DR 、CD8 HLA DR T细胞百分率 ,并与健康对照组比较。结果 :AS患者血浆TNF α水平、IL 2水平均显著低于健康对照组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ,IL 10水平显著高于健康对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。CD3 、CD3 CD8 T细胞百分率显著低于健康对照。CD8 HLA DR T细胞百分率均显著低于健康对照 (P <0 0 5 ) ,CD4 HLA DR T显著高于健康对照 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :AS患者血浆低水平的TNF α、IL 2和高水平的IL 10提示其体内存在着TH1 TH2平衡的偏移 ;TH1激活程度低下 ,而TH2激活程度增强 ,细胞因子水平的改变尤以TH1细胞因子TNF α改变特别明显。AS患者在多个层面存在细胞免疫功能紊乱     

卡介苗对哮喘小鼠TH1/TH2平衡的影响

目的　探讨卡介苗 (BCG)对哮喘小鼠TH1 TH2平衡的影响。方法　C5 7BL 6小鼠以卵白蛋白 (OVA)致敏激发建立哮喘模型。于第一次抗原激发前 2周以BCG皮内注射干预 ,在最后 1次抗原激发后 4 8h收集支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)和外周血 ,ELISA方法测定外周血清及BALF中IL 5与IFN γ水平 ,并采用三色光流式细胞分析法测定外周血TH1 TH2细胞比。结果　与阴性对照组相比 ,OVA致敏激发组外周血清及BALF中IL 5水平升高而IFN γ水平降低 ,BCG干预组外周血清及BALF中IL 5较OVA致敏激发组低而IFN γ较后者升高 ,与阴性对照组水平相近。此外 ,OVA致敏激发组外周血中TH2 TH1比值 (1.5 7± 0 .5 6 )较阴性对照组 (0 .37± 0 .0 5 )明显增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,BCG干预后TH2 TH1比值 (0 .5 9± 0 .11)较OVA致敏激发组下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,同时Tc2 Tc1比值 (0 .6 2± 0 .0 7)也较OVA致敏激发组 (1.15± 0 .18)降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　哮喘小鼠中TH2型免疫应答占优势 ,BCG干预不仅在细胞因子水平 ,也在细胞数量上校正了TH1 TH2失平衡。     

螺旋藻对实验性变应性鼻炎大鼠血清TH1/TH2细胞因子表达的影响

目的　观察螺旋藻对实验性变应性鼻炎大鼠血清TH1 TH2细胞因子表达的影响 ,以探讨其治疗机制。方法　用卵清蛋白致敏大鼠制成变应性鼻炎动物模型 ,口服螺旋藻治疗 ,观察其行为学差异 ;组织病理学方法观察鼻黏膜改变 ;用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)对血清中TH1细胞因子IFN γ、IL 2和TH2细胞因子IL 4、IL 5进行检测。结果　行为学得分 ,阳性对照组 (7.8± 1.0 3)明显高于实验组 (1.6± 1.35 )和正常对照组 (0 ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;实验组鼻黏膜炎性反应明显轻于阳性对照组 ;实验组IFN γ、IL 2水平明显高于阳性对照组 ;差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;实验组IL 4、IL 5表达水平明显低于阳性对照组 ;差异有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　螺旋藻通过调节TH1和TH2细胞因子的表达 ,纠正失衡的TH1 TH2的细胞因子网络而对变应性鼻炎产生治疗作用。     

CRTH2在特发性血小板减少性紫癜T细胞亚群表达的检测

目的　研究CRTH2在特发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的表达及其意义。方法　收集ITP患儿及健康儿童外周抗凝静脉血 ,分离纯化T细胞 ,以PE标记的抗CRTH2单抗和Cy5标记的抗CD4、CD8单抗作双色流式细胞术 ,分析CRTH2在ITP患儿CD4 、CD8 T细胞表达的水平。结果　ITP患儿外周血T细胞与健康儿童相比 ,CD4 细胞百分率及CD4 /CD8 比例明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,CD8 细胞百分率无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;CD4 CRTH2 -及CD4 CRTH2 细胞百分率明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,CD8 CRTH2 -及CD8 CRTH2 细胞百分率无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,CD4 CRTH2 -/CD4 CRTH2 及CD8 CRTH2 -/CD8 CRTH2 比例明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　ITP患儿外周血存在T细胞亚群比例失衡 ,呈明显TH1类细胞优势 ,T细胞亚群比例失衡与该病的免疫发病机制有关。     

老年哮喘患者外周血淋巴细胞内IFNγ与IL4的变化

目的　了解老年哮喘患者在不同病期外周血淋巴细胞表达IFN -γ、IL - 4的变化 .方法　应用流式细胞仪 ,测定哮喘急性发作期、缓解期和健康老年人外周血淋巴细胞表达IFN -γ、IL - 4的百分率 .结果　CD3 CD8 淋巴细胞IFN -γ表达率 ,急性发作期组 (10 .5± 4 .6 % )低于缓解期组 (17.5± 3.8% ,p <0 .0 5 )和对照组 (18.4± 5 .9% ,p <0 .0 5 ) ;IL - 4表达率急性发作期组 (2 .6± 2 .2 % )高于缓解期组 (1.3± 0 .9% ,p <0 .0 5 )和对照组 (1.5± 0 .8% ,p <0 .0 5 ) ;CD3 、CD8 淋巴细胞IFN -γ表达率 ,急性发作期组 (31.4± 10 .3% )显著高于缓解期组 (2 0 .2± 12 .3% ,p <0 .0 5 )和对照组 (2 1.3± 10 .4 % ,p <0 .0 5 ) .结论　向Th2偏移的Th1/Th2失衡 ,可能与老年哮喘患者病情发展有关 .     

克鼻敏汤对变应性鼻炎患者血清Th1、Th2细胞因子的影响

目的 :观察克鼻敏汤对变应性鼻炎 (AR)患者血清Th1、Th2细胞因子的影响 ,以探讨其治疗机制。方法 :6 0例AR患者随机分为克鼻敏汤治疗组 (TG)和辛芳鼻炎胶囊对照组 (CG)进行治疗 ;收集治疗前后空腹血清标本 ,用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)对血清中Th1细胞因子IFN γ、IL 2、IL 12、和Th2细胞因子IL 4、IL 5、IL 10进行检测 ;并与健康对照组进行比较。结果 :AR患者血清IL 4、IL 5、IL 10等Th2细胞因子水平明显高于正常 ;而IFN γ、IL 2、IL 12等Th1细胞因子水平明显低于正常(P <0 0 1)。经克鼻敏汤治疗后血清IL 4、IL 5、IL 10等Th2细胞因子水平较治疗前明显下降 (P <0 0 1) ;IFN γ、IL 2、IL 12等Th1细胞因子水平较治疗前有明显增高 (P <0 0 5 )。而对照组无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :克鼻敏汤通过调节Th1和Th2细胞因子的表达 ,纠正失衡的Th1 Th2的细胞因子网络而对变应性鼻炎产生治疗作用     

Role of the hormonal status of the father in involution of the thymus in the progeny

This study was aimed at assessing the consequences of the influence of exogenous androgens on the epididymal sperm of fathers for their progeny. A single injection of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone to adult rats caused a transient increase of the level of the corresponding androgen, later leading to augmentation of the androgen-dependent organs and loss of thymus weight. Hyperandrogeny and earlier age-associated involution of the thymus were observed in the male progeny of androgenized males of reproductive age. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 562–564, May, 1996     

Changes in the structure of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium of the bronchi in Kartagener's syndrome in children

Biopsies of bronchial mucous membrane taken from 4 children with Kartagener's syndrome and 10 children with chronic pneumonia were examined electron microscopically. Structural changes in cilia and apical parts of cells are detected in all patients with Kartagener's syndrome. Cilial changes provoked by chronic inflammatory process are shown. The importance of ultrastructural investigations of bronchial mucous membrane cilia in the understanding of pathogenesis of chronic lung conditions in children is underlined.     

Role of noradrenalin in the dorsal hippocampus in the mechanism of the self-stimulation response in rats

Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Reinforcement, A. I. Karaev Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 109, No. 1, pp. 5–6, January, 1990.     

The Beauty of the Network in the Brain and the Origin of the Mind in the Control of Behavior

Behavior is not adequately described as a stimulus-response process. It is initiated by the animal and is generated because of its expected outcome in the future. The outcome can be good or bad for the animal. The brain is in charge of the selection process. This is the basic function of the brain. Taking Drosophila as a study case, this paper discusses initiating activity, several examples of outcome expectations, trying out (the internal search for a suitable behavior), chaining of actions, and the functional roles of chance in action selection. It takes mental processes and states such as goals, intentions, feelings, memories, cognition, and attention as higher levels of behavioral control that have their origin in biological evolution.     

Challenges in the Management of Asthma in the Elderly

Recent literature has emphasized the clinical and socio-epidemiological significance of asthma in the elderly. However, why the disease burden remains high in this group is unclear. Elderly subjects usually have multiple chronic illnesses, and the role played by comorbidities in the context of asthma has been underappreciated. This review aims to summarize the literature associations between comorbidities and asthma in elderly patients. In addition, we discuss patient management issues.     

Role of the time interval in the effect of neurochemical signals in the changes in the ultrastructure of cortical synapses

Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 836–838, July–August, 1991.     

Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat

Fifteen rats were tested for amplitude reduction of the acoustic startle response using auditory and visual prestimuli. Eight subjects then received large lesions of the inferior colliculus, and the remaining subjects served as normal controls. All animals were reassessed on a post-test identical to the pre-test. In addition, all subjects were tested for latency reduction of startle using auditory prestimuli. There were no significant differences between groups on the pre-test for startle amplitude, visual amplitude reduction, or auditory amplitude reduction, nor did the control group differ significantly on these measures from pre-test to post-test. After surgery, the lesion group displayed a large, significant increase in startle amplitude. Auditory prestimuli were no longer effective in reducing startle amplitude in this group, but visual prestimuli still produced reliable amplitude reduction. Both groups displayed reliable latency reduction to auditory prestimuli; the groups were not significantly different from each other on this measure. These data support the proposition that the inferior colliculus is part of a neural circuit for startle amplitude reduction by auditory prestimuli.