Medpor下睑插片与异体巩膜植入治疗下睑退缩

目的:探讨Medpor下睑插片和异体巩膜植入在治疗下睑退缩患者中的临床治疗效果。 方法:对26例下睑退缩患者行Medpor下睑插片或异体巩膜移植矫正下睑退缩,随访3mo,观察手术治疗效果。 结果:手术治疗后3mo,Medpor下睑插片和异体巩膜植入各有1例欠矫,其余24例下睑退缩均成功矫正,眼睑闭合正常,下睑缘位置正常,无巩膜暴露。所有病例均无感染、排斥及其它并发症。 结论:Medpor下睑插片或异体巩膜植入都能有效地矫正大多数患者的下睑退缩,手术安全性好,治疗效果较好。两者在手术效果上相比没有明显的差别。     

下睑缩肌后徙与切断手术治疗轻度下睑退缩

目的探讨下睑缩肌后徙或切断手术治疗轻度下睑退缩的临床效果。方法手术多在局麻下进行，采用经典的下睑袋皮肤切口。打开下眶隔，将眶脂肪向下推，暴露下睑缩肌的前表面，沿下睑板下缘处分离下睑缩肌，将下睑缩肌完全分离至下穹隆。于穹隆水平处切断或将其后徙缝合于下穹隆处结膜面。患者取坐位观察下睑位置，以下睑位于下方角膜缘上0．5mm为宜。术后1周、1月及6月测量下睑位置，观察其变化情况。结果11例（14眼），随访6—20月，平均7．3月，获良好效果。12眼在双眼平视时下睑位于角膜下缘，2眼仍残存下睑退缩约0．5mm。全部病例下睑退缩较术前有极大的改善，手术效果良好。结论下睑缩肌后徙或切断手术治疗轻度下睑退缩可获得较好的功能和美容效果。对于轻度下睑退缩的治疗是一种较理想的方法。     

自体硬腭黏膜移植治疗下睑退缩

目的 探讨硬腭黏膜下眼睑植入治疗下睑退缩的效果.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象 15例(15眼)下睑退缩患者,其中长期配戴厚重义眼片致下睑退缩9例9眼,外伤致下睑退缩6例6眼.方法 术前测量患者第一眼位下睑相对于角膜下缘的距离,手术切口位于下睑睑结膜面板下缘水平,将结膜下睑缩肌复合体尽量后退,使下睑缘复位.视下睑需提高的高度决定硬腭取材宽度,硬腭宽度需超过下睑提高高度的1/3.将硬腭黏膜一端同定于后退的结膜下睑缩肌复合体,一端与睑板下缘缝合.术后观察下睑相对角膜下缘位置变化.主要指标术后第一眼位下睑位置变化.结果 行硬腭黏膜植入治疗下睑退缩,术后观察6～24个月,下睑位置稳定,硬腭黏膜生长良好无感染.13眼下睑位置于角膜下缘或角膜下缘上0.5mm,2眼下睑位于角膜下缘下1mm.结论 下睑硬腭黏膜植入治疗下睑退缩效果明显,自体硬腭黏膜易获取,有足够的硬度支撑下睑,使患者容貌得以明显改善,是治疗下睑退缩的理想材料.     

Medpor下睑插片修复中重度下睑缺损的疗效观察

目的：观察下睑恶性肿瘤切除术后采用Medpor下睑插片植入在修复中重度下睑缺损中的效果。

方法：选取下睑恶性肿瘤切除术后患者19例19眼,采用Medpor下睑插片植入替代睑板联合滑行结膜瓣和带蒂皮瓣移植,修复下睑全层缺损行眼睑再造术。

结果：眼睑外观修复及功能恢复满意,对眼球无刺激,对视功能无影响,术后随访6～36mo,植入物无吸收、移位、排斥及感染,肿瘤无复发。

结论：Medpor下睑插片替代睑板植入修复中重度下睑缺损简便易行,术后并发症少,是一种理想的睑板替代物。     

先天性下睑退缩合并睑内翻的手术治疗

目的探讨先天性下睑退缩合并睑内翻的治疗方法。方法距下睑缘1．5mm做皮肤切口,分离下睑缩肌,取与睑板相应长度的巩膜条,高度为下睑退缩量＋2mm,分别缝合于睑板下缘与下睑缩肌之间,缝合皮肤。术后1周、1个月及6个月观察下睑缘位置。结果17例（21只眼）随访2—20个月,平均（6．1±4．5）个月。18只眼治愈,另3眼于术后6个月残存下睑退缩约1mm,此3眼均为术前下睑退缩5mm者,半年后再次手术后治愈。结论下睑缩肌切断联合异体巩膜条植入对于治疗轻中度先天性下睑退缩合并内翻倒睫是较好的方法。     

探讨Medpor下睑插片联合外眦睑板条悬吊术治疗重度麻痹性下睑外翻

目的　探讨Ｍｅｄｐｏｒ下睑插片联合外眦睑板条悬吊术治疗重度麻痹性下睑外翻的临床疗效。方法　回顾性系列病例研究。收集１６例（１６眼）重度麻痹性下睑外翻患者的临床资料,所有患者均采用Ｍｅｄｐｏｒ下睑插片联合外眦睑板条悬吊术治疗。记录并比较１６例患者术前及术后１周、３个月、１２个月的眼睑闭合不全量、下睑退缩量、角膜上皮分级、下睑水平及垂直松弛度等级。结果　１６例患者术后下睑外翻均矫正,随访期内均未见复发。术后１周、３个月、１２个月,下睑退缩量、眼睑闭合不全量均较术前明显下降,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;术后各时间点间比较,差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。随访期间各患者的角膜上皮分级、水平及垂直松弛度等级均较术前明显改善,随访期末均为０级或１级。无１例患者术后出现眶内出血、感染及内植入物暴露、排斥、移位等严重并发症。结论　采用Ｍｅｄｐｏｒ下睑插片联合外眦睑板条悬吊术治疗重度麻痹性下睑外翻,可在保留患者视功能的前提下矫正下睑外翻及眼睑闭合不全,有效改善患者眼表状况及外观,且术后效果较为稳定。     

结膜松弛症下睑缘位置及张力观察

目的:探讨结膜松弛症发病机制,寻求有效防治方法。方法:对241例(479眼)结膜松弛症(conjunctivochalasis,CCh)下眼睑位置及下睑缘张力检查。将下睑缘位置分为3型:角膜缘下型、角膜缘上型及角膜缘型。将下睑缘张力分为5型:下睑缘内翻型、下睑缘内倾型、下睑缘正常型、下睑缘外倾型及下睑缘外翻型。结果:下睑缘位置以角膜缘型伴有下睑缘内倾型发生结膜松弛症最多(20.2%);其次为角膜缘下型伴下睑缘内倾型(17.3%)。角膜缘上型伴下睑缘外倾型最少(1.5%)。结论:下睑缘张力高是结膜松弛症发生因素之一。     

过睑板下缘连续缝合内固定联合眶隔整复治疗下睑赘皮

目的 评价应用皮肤、眼轮匝肌部分切除＋过睑板下缘连续缝合内固定术,或联合眶隔整复术治疗下睑赘皮的疗效,并分析相关的解剖结构特点.方法 回顾性病例系列研究.回顾分析2006年4月至2010年4月于我院诊断为下睑赘皮并行皮肤、眼轮匝肌部分切除＋过睑板下缘连续缝合内固定术,或联合眶隔整复术的14例患者的临床资料,患者年龄为13～30岁,均为双眼发病.所有患者均采用这种改良术式,其中8例还同时行眶隔整复术.术后随访4个月～4年,平均随访13个月.观察手术疗效：下睑赘皮及倒睫是否完全矫正,症状是否缓解,有无并发症出现及是否复发等.结果 所有患者均行皮肤、眼轮匝肌部分切除＋过睑板下缘连续缝合内固定术,其中8例（57%）术中发现眶隔附着点较高,同时行眶隔整复术.术中发现解剖特点为：所有患者均有下睑皮肤、皮下组织、眼轮匝肌向睑缘部堆积,10例睑缘部眼轮匝肌肥厚,8例眶隔附着点较高.术后27眼（96%）完全矫正,1眼（4%）残留轻度下睑赘皮.所有患者术后均无复发及并发症.结论 皮肤、眼轮匝肌部分切除＋过睑板下缘连续缝合内固定术是治疗下睑赘皮的有效方法,对于眶隔附着点较高者,需同时行眶隔整复术.     

下睑板前眼轮匝肌移位术治疗老年性下睑内翻

目的 观察下睑板前眼轮匝肌移位术治疗老年性下睑内翻的临床疗效。方法 本组10例14眼老年性下睑内翻均施行下睑板前眼轮匝肌移位术，其中3例曾行下睑内翻矫正术。本手术要点是将下睑板前具加压作用的眼轮匝肌转移至睑板下缘眶膈前，这样既减轻了对下睑板上缘的压力，又加强了对下睑板下缘的压力和下睑缩肌的张力，从而使向内翻转的下睑矫正至正常的生理解剖位置。结果 本组除1例经再次手术矫正外其余均一次矫正。随访半年未见复发。结论 下睑板前眼轮匝肌移位术是治疗老年性下睑内翻的一种新的有效术式，适用于多种致病原因的老年性下睑内翻，手术操作步骤简单易行。     

下睑退缩的原因和治疗

下睑退缩较为少见,原因也远较上睑退缩复杂,其矫正方法也自有区别,国内有关文献报道很少,现将我院1986年至1998年期间治疗的13例(18只眼)报告如下。1　材料和方法11　一般资料13例18只眼下睑退缩患者,男性7例、女性6例,年龄8～52岁,平均324岁,其中先天性者2例(4只眼);外伤性者3例(3只眼);2只眼有眶底骨折,眶下缘向下移位,1只眼婴儿期头面部外伤、成年后眼眶缩小,上、下睑退缩,睑板沟加深,内眦向下移位,同侧面部肌肉萎缩;继发于化脓性感染者2例(2只眼);有1只眼合并眼眶缩小,眶下缘较对侧低5ｍｍ,外侧眶缘部皮肤及上睑内侧皮肤均有凹陷畸形,同…     

Correction of lower eyelid retraction with a porous polyethylene (Medpor) lower eyelid spacer--Medpor spacer in lower eyelid retraction

BACKGROUND: The correction of lower eyelid retraction remains a challenge with established techniques having disadvantages. A recently described alternative is implantation of an ultrathin high density porous polyethylene lower eyelid spacer (Medpor LES). We report our experience on implanting this Medpor LES, especially in patients with lower eyelid retraction due to Graves' orbitopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients receiving a Medpor LES between March 2003 and November 2004 in the Rotterdam Eye Hospital were included. Indications and preceding procedures as well as the degree of proptosis were noted. Preoperative and postoperative lower eyelid retraction were compared by measuring scleral show inferior to the limbus (LSS). Postoperative complications, recurrent retraction and secondary surgical procedures were recorded. RESULTS: Out of 12 patients (16 eyelids) in whom a Medpor LES was inserted 8 patients suffered from Graves' orbitopathy. Mean follow-up was 7.5 months (range 4 - 11 months). Final cosmetic outcome was good in 8/16 eyelids and improved in 7/16 eyelids. Lower eyelid retraction (LSS) was reduced significantly (1.34 mm +/- 0.214 (mean +/- std. error of mean), p = 0.004). Complications included eyelid contour deformity (4/16 eyelids), remaining irritation of the eye (1/16) and problems in down gaze (4/16) as well as recurrent lower eyelid retraction (2/16) requiring further surgery in 3 of 11 patients. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients, insertion of a Medpor lower eyelid spacer may be a good alternative to correct lower eyelid retraction.     

The use of porous polyethylene (Medpor) lower eyelid spacers in lid heightening and stabilisation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The management of lower eyelid retraction can be challenging, and established techniques to correct it are not always successful. Previous reports have suggested a role for the ultrathin high density porous polyethylene lower eyelid spacer (Medpor LES) in such patients. The authors report the experience of three surgeons implanting Medpor LES over 1 year, and ascertain whether such implants are a safe and effective alternative to autogenous spacers. METHODS: A prospective, interventional, non-comparative case series of consecutive patients. Surgical indications for Medpor LES were noted. Preoperative and postoperative lower marginal reflex distance (L-MRD), vertical palpebral aperture (PA), lagophthalmos, and scleral show inferior to the limbus (LSS) were recorded, together with major and minor complications. RESULTS: 32 patients (35 eyelids) had a Medpor LES inserted, 22/32 under local anaesthetic, and nine with adjunctive procedures. Mean follow up was 22 months (range 15-28 months). The Medpor LES was effective in reducing the palpebral aperture (p<0.001) and lagophthalmos (p = 0.04) and raising the lower eyelid height by reducing both L-MRD (p = 0.006) and LSS (p<0.001). However there were major complications in 7/32 patients and minor complications in 8/32, most requiring further surgery. Final outcome was good in 24/35 eyelids and satisfactory in 5/35. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a good or satisfactory final outcome in the majority of patients, the value of this technique is limited by complications, and should be reserved for those unsuitable for safer techniques.     

下睑成形改良术治疗不同类型睑袋的疗效

目的：探讨改进后的下睑成形术治疗不同类型睑袋的疗效。
　　方法：选取2010-05/2015-05间我院实施下睑成形术的患者67例67眼,按照睑袋情况进行分型,并采取不同改进术式：A组：单纯脂肪膨出型12眼采用经结膜切口入路法;B组：皮肤或(和)轮匝肌松弛型19眼,采用经皮肤入路法,需在手术过程中切除下睑皮肤、眼轮匝肌;C组：皮肤肌层松弛合并眶脂膨出型13眼,采用经皮肤入路法,术中切除眶隔脂肪、皮肤及眼轮匝肌;D组：混合型23眼,采用经皮肤入路法,需在手术中切除眶隔脂肪、皮肤及眼轮匝肌。
　　结果：术后5 d拆线,术后随访3~6 lo。四组患者手术效果优良率分别为100%、95%、100%及96%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者下睑外观平坦,眶脂膨出消退,有1眼出现轻度睑外翻,2眼眶下缘凹陷以及4眼切口对合欠佳,术后2 lo均自行恢复。未出现斜视复视、下睑退缩等严重并发症。四组患者术后并发症发生率分别为8%、11%、8%及13%,差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。
　　结论：改进后的下睑成形术治疗不同类型睑袋术后效果满意。     

眼睑皮肤松弛症及其伴发畸形的手术整复

目的 评价眼睑皮肤松弛症及其伴发畸形的手术整复效果.设计 回顾性病例系列.研究对象 35例(52眼)眼睑皮肤松弛症稳定期患者.方法 所有患者实施上睑畸形矫正术,做上睑重睑切口,切除多余松弛皮肤及眶脂肪,18例(36眼)联合行泪腺脱垂复位术;10例(16眼)联合上睑下垂矫正术.4例(6眼)行下睑缩矫正术.7例(14眼)行外眦畸形矫正术,联合或二期行眼睑皮肤松弛矫正或上睑下垂矫正术.主要指标 双眼重睑形态,眼睑位置,眼睑运动功能,泪腺的位置,有无泪液分泌异常.结果 随访6～60个月,所有患者双眼上睑重睑基本对称,双上睑形态良好,眦角位置接近正常,无溢泪及干眼症状.2例(3眼)患者于术后29及36个月复诊时发现泪腺脱垂复发,再次行泪腺脱垂复位术,术后分别随访18、24个月,未发现泪腺再脱垂.结论 采用眼部整复手术矫正眼睑皮肤松弛症及伴发畸形安全有效,术后复发率较低.     

眼睑恶性肿瘤的临床分析

目的分析眼睑恶性肿瘤的临床病理类型和治疗方法。方法对74例眼睑恶性肿瘤患者进行病例回顾性分析。其中,男性35人,女性39人,肿瘤部位:右眼38人,左眼36人,上睑25人,下睑49人,年龄28岁～84岁,平均60.74岁。病理诊断示:基底细胞癌39例,睑板腺癌22例,鳞状上皮细胞癌7例,恶性黑色素瘤4例,小细胞癌1例,小细胞恶性淋巴瘤1例。均采用手术治疗,其中6例因肿瘤侵及眶内,行眶内容剜出术,其余病例皆手术切除肿瘤,于术中送冰冻切片控制切缘(Mohs法)以保证术中完全切除肿瘤组织。眼睑缺损一期手术修复。结果6例行眶内容剜出术患者术后遗留明显的眼眶畸形,须二期行眼眶赝复或眼眶畸形整复术。68例术后眼睑外观满意,视功能无影响。结论眼睑恶性肿瘤多发生于老年人,其中基底细胞癌居第一位,其次为睑板腺癌,鳞状上皮细胞癌占第三位。治疗为手术切除加一期缺损修复,睑板结膜瓣滑行修复眼睑缺损具有操作方便、术后眼睑外形满意的优点。     

Autogenous hard palate mucosa: the ideal lower eyelid spacer?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Raising a displaced lower eyelid frequently involves recession of the lower eyelid retractors with interposition of a "spacer," and several materials for this purpose have been described. This study reviewed the results of autogenous palatal mucosa in the treatment of lower eyelid displacement, including assessment of any donor site morbidity. METHODS: A retrospective case note review of consecutive patients treated at Moorfields Eye Hospital between 1993 and 1998. All patients underwent insertion of hard palate mucosa between the inferior border of the tarsus and the recessed conjunctiva and lower eyelid retractors. Parameters studied included the underlying diagnosis, measurements of lower lid displacement or retraction, related previous surgery, the experience of the operating surgeon, intraoperative and postoperative complications, surgical outcome, and length of follow up. The main outcome measure was the position of the lower eyelid relative to the globe in primary position of gaze. RESULTS: 102 lower eyelids of 68 patients were included and a satisfactory lid position was achieved in 87/102 (85%), with inadequate lengthening or significant recurrence of displacement occurring in 15 cases. Donor site haemorrhage requiring treatment in the early postoperative period occurred in seven patients (10%). CONCLUSION: Autogenous hard palate mucosa is an effective eyelid spacer and provides good long term support for the lower eyelid. Donor site complications are the main disadvantage, but may be minimised by attention to meticulous surgical technique and appropriate postoperative management.     

Levator-Muller's recession using labial mucosa as a spacer in severe eyelid retraction

ObjectiveTo evaluate the use of labial mucosa as a spacer for levator-Muller's recession in correction of severe eyelid retraction.DesignRetrospective interventional study.ParticipantsWe retrospectively reviewed records of 4 patients with severe upper eyelid retraction not associated with cicatricial diseases of the conjunctiva.MethodSurgical correction of eyelid retraction was performed by Levator-Muller's recession using autologous mucosal graft (from lip) as a spacer through transconjunctival approach. Eyelid height and contour were the main outcome measures evaluated after surgery.ResultsThere was resolution of dry eye symptoms in all 4 cases. In 2 cases the corrected eyelid height was within 1 mm of the desired lid position. The lid contour was good in 2 cases and satisfactory in 2 cases because of mild lateral flare. The eyelid height remained stationary till the last follow-up, which ranged from Eyelid height and contour were the main outcome measures evaluated after surgery. 6–30 months (mean: 18 months).ConclusionsLabial mucosal graft as a spacer for levator-Muller's recession is a good option for correction of severe upper eyelid retraction. It provides stable eyelid position within 3 months of surgery with no corneal complications.