液膜体系中胺类载体迁移乳酸的研究

目的 探讨液膜体系中胺类载体对乳酸的迁移行为。方法 采用氯化钾溶液为内水相，兰-113A为表面活性剂，液体石蜡为膜相添加剂，煤油为膜溶剂。正辛胺，二辛胺。三辛胺分别为载体的液膜体系，迁移外水相中的乳酸，分别考察了外水相pH值，膜相载体浓度，内水相反萃试剂浓度对乳酸迁移的影响。结果 试验结果发现，与正辛胺和三辛胺相比，二辛胺对乳酸具有较好的迁移行为，外水相的pH值，内水相KCl浓度，膜相载体浓度等影响乳酸的迁移。结论 在液膜体系中，二辛胺对乳酸有较好的迁移能力。在最佳实验条件下。乳酸的提取率可以达到70%以上。     

中空纤维含浸液膜渗透器烟气脱硫

研究了ＳＯ２在中空纤维含浸液膜渗透器中，不同的操作模式对渗透行为的影响。考察了采用纯水和柠檬酸钠溶液为膜液、不同的操作条件对ＳＯ２渗透和脱除效率的影响及液膜渗稼率的稳定怀。结果表明：在液膜渗透器中，逆流操作优于并流；较低的进气速率有利于烟气脱除率的提高。     

过氯乙烯膜渗透汽化性能的研究

将过氯乙烯（ＣＰＶＣ）作为渗透汽化膜材料，用于分离乙醇／水溶液，研究了膜对水和乙醇的吸附溶解性能，对乙醇／水溶液的分离性能，分离温度对膜分离性能的影响。发现过氯乙烯膜优先透水，对乙醇／水溶液选择性高而透量较小。膜的稳定性较好。     

用液膜法从水溶液中提取镍：Ⅰ.液膜组成及操作条件对分离效…

研究取兰１１３Ｂ－Ｐ２０４－煤油－Ｈ２ＳＯ４液膜体系从稀ＮｉＳＯ４溶液中分离回收镍的方法。实验结果表明液膜法除Ｎｉ＾２＋在技术上是可行的。讨论了膜相组成，酸度、乳水比、油内比，搅拌转速及试剂比等因素对传质过程的影响，并考察了膜相的重复使用。     

异形竖板降膜蒸发器浓缩大黄浸提液的初步实验研究

本文对异形竖板降膜蒸发器蒸发浓缩中药大黄过程中的传热性能进行了初步研究，分析了各主要因素对其传热性能的影响，与直管降膜传热性能进行了比较，得出异形竖板降膜蒸发器具有良好的传热性能。     

考虑液膜破裂的液膜传质数学模型

提出了考虑液膜破裂因素的液膜渐近前沿模型和空间心球壳膜型。实验证明，该模型更能与实验数据相吻合，据此求出了最佳操作时间，其中渐近前沿模型比球壳型更佳。但空心球壳模型数学处理简单，在工程上具有估算价值。     

液膜法烟气脱硫试验研究：Ⅱ.促进传递机理与数学模型

推导了二氧化硫在纯水和柠檬酸钠溶液中稳态渗透通量表达式，研究了ＳＯ２在液膜中的促进传递机理，用局部平衡理论及非平衡边界层理论推导了ＳＯ２通过膜液的渗透模型；考虑了溶液粘度、溶液的非理想性及盐效应等物理化学性质和热力学性质等因素对ＳＯ２渗透行为的影响，并将实验所得数据与模拟值进行了比较。     

聚苯胺自支撑导电膜的电化学合成及性能

采用电化学方法，以高氯酸为掺杂剂，合成了具有较好导电性能和机械性能的聚苯胺自支撑膜。探讨了电化学聚合反应条件对其性能的影响，并借助ＳＥＭ、ＩＲ、ＥＳＲ等手段表征了所得聚合物。     

液膜法去除水中游离氨

液膜法是生物医学领域内进行分离研究的一种新方法.本文建立了一种新型的液膜体系富集水中游离氨,并对富集效率、液膜的稳定性、原科配比和水相酸度对液膜的影响进行了一定的实验研究,并为这项技术在生物医学分离领域内进行应用的可能性提供了一个新的证据.     

有机液优先透过渗透汽化膜

有机液优先透过膜作为渗透汽化膜及其相关过程的重要组成部分，近年来受到高度关注。综述了近年来有关其膜材质结构－分离特性，以及用于有机液／水分离研究的进展。     

慢性微量铬暴露对小鼠肝细胞氧化应激的影响

目的通过对慢性微量铬（Ⅵ）染毒动物模型的制备,探讨金属对金属髋关节置换术后铬（Ⅵ）的释放对肝脏氧化应激的影
响。方法80只NIH小鼠随机分为4组,对照组及低、中及高剂量组。隔日1次分别给0、5、0、20 mg/kg体质量的三氧化铬腹腔注
射。分别于染毒4、8、12、16周用颈椎脱位法各处死小鼠5只,检测血铬含量、肝细胞活性氧自由基水平（ROS）、脂质过氧化产物
丙二醛（MDA）含量、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性及谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶（GCL）的表达,并对小鼠肝细胞
进行透射电镜观察。结果与对照组比,5 mg/kg组及10 mg/kg组血铬浓度、ROS升高并在第8周以后趋于稳定;20 mg/kg组血
铬浓度及ROS持续升高,呈一定的时间依赖性。各实验组MDA未见明显升高。各实验组GSH含量及GR活性随着染毒时间
的延长均下降;5 mg/kg 组及10 mg/kg 组在各个时间点中GCL表达增加,20 mg/kg 组GCL表达随逐渐降低。透射电镜显示
20 mg/kg组肝细胞均出现凋亡性改变。结论金属对金属髋关节置换术后微量铬（Ⅵ）的缓慢蓄积可能会引起肝细胞氧化应激
以及抗氧化应激系统的改变。     

Combined Toxicity of an Environmental Remediation Residue,Magnetite Fe3O4 Nanoparticles/Cr(VI) Adduct

Objective This paper aims to elucidate the combined toxicity of magnetite nanoparticles/Chromium [MNPs/Cr(VI)] adducts. Methods The HEK293 cell was exposed to either Cr(VI) or MNPs, or their adducts MNPs/Cr(VI). The cytotoxicity was evaluated by assessing the cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress induction, and cellular uptake. Results The toxicity of formed adducts is significantly reduced when compared to Cr(VI) anions. We found that the cellular uptake of MNPs/Cr(VI) adduct was rare, only few particles were endocytosed from the extracellular fluid and not accumulated in the cell nucleus. On the other hand, the Cr(VI) anions entered cells, generated oxidative stress, induced cell apoptosis, and caused cytotoxicity. Conclusion The results showed minor effects of the nanoadducts on the tested cells and supported that magnetite nanoparticles could be implemented in the wastewater treatment process in which advantageous properties outweigh the risks.     

酪氨酸蛋白激酶研究中磷酰酪氨酸的快速分离与鉴定

酪氨酸蛋白激酶是与生长调控有关的重要酶类。分离磷酰酪氨酸与其它磷酰氨基酸(磷酰丝氨酸、磷酰苏氨酸)是测定酪氨酸蛋白激酶的关键之一。本研究用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳法与放射自显影法相结合以快速分离、并鉴定磷酰酪氨酸,获得了理想的效果。     

尿铬测定方法研究

Systemic investigations of chromium determination in urine with diphenylcarbazide were carried out and suitable analytic conditions for the determination established. Urine samples were first digested with nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide and then the chromium in the sample was oxidized to the hexavalent state by permanganate in acidic medium. After the excess oxidizing reagent was destroyed with sodium nitrite, chromium (VI) combined with diphenylcarbazide, forming a stable red color. The average recovery was 101.1%, ranging from 82.0% to 115.8%. Coefficients of variation were in the range from 2.0% to 8.4%. The method can be conveniently applied to the analysis of trace chromium in urine samples with satisfactory sensitivity and recovery. The method was applied to the measurement of 180 normal and 124 CHD (coronary heart disease) urine samples from Chengdu city. The mean of chromium level in normal urine was 6.1 micrograms/L and the range with 95% confidence of urine chromium was determined as 1.7-11 micrograms/L. The mean of chromium level in CHD urine samples was 4.2 micrograms/L. By statistical analysis, there was a significant difference between the means of the two groups (t' = 6.9, P less than 0.05).     

Chromium（VI）—induces Production of Reactive Oxygen Species,Change of Plasma Membrane Potential and Dissipation of Mitochondria Membrane otential in Chinese Hamster Lung Cell Cultures

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is generated, and whether plasma membrane potential and mitochondrial membrane potential are depolarized in Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cell lines exposed to Cr (VI). METHODS: CHL cells were incubated with Cr(VI) at 10 mumol/L, 2.5 mumol/L, 0.65 mumol/L for 3 and 6 hours, respectively. The production of ROS was performed by using 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate; The changes in plasma membrane potential were estimated using fluorescent cationic dye DiBAC4; And the changes in mitochondria membrane potential were estimated using fluorescent dye Rhodamine 123. RESULTS: The ROS levels in CHL cells increased in all treated groups compared with the control group (P < 0.01); The plasma membrane potential and mitochondrial membrane potential in CHL cells dissipated after incubated with Cr(VI) at 10 mumol/L for 3 hours and 6 hours (P < 0.01), at 2.5 mumol/L for 6 hours (P < 0.01 or 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cr(VI) causes the dissipation of plasma membrane potential and mitochondrial membrane potential in CHL cell cultures, and Cr(VI)-induced ROS may play a role in the injuries.     

抗骨质疏松药依普黄酮的合成

目的合成制备新型抗骨质疏松药依普黄酮 ,改进产品及中间体的合成和纯化工艺条件。方法以间苯二酚和苯乙酸为原料 ,经酰化、环合及醚化三步反应进行合成。在酰化反应中 ,探讨了三种原料的摩尔比 ,改进了中间体的分离纯化工艺。在环合反应中 ,选用三氯氧磷和二甲基甲酰胺为环合试剂。结果合成品质量和收率符合文献要求。结论本文报道的合成工艺 ,原料易得、反应条件温和、工艺路线简便易行     

Carbon dots derived from Poria cocos polysaccharide as an effective “on-off” fluorescence sensor for chromium (VI) detection

Chromium is a harmful contaminant showing mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Therefore, detection of chromium requires the development of low-cost and high-sensitivity sensors. Herein, blue-fluorescent carbon quantum dots were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method from alkali-soluble Poria cocos polysaccharide, which is green source, cheap and easy to obtain, and has no pharmacological activity due to low water solubility. These carbon quantum dots exhibit good fluorescence stability, water solubility, anti-interference and low cytotoxicity, and can be specifically combined with the detection of Cr(VI) to form a non-fluorescent complex that causes fluorescence quenching, so they can be used as a label-free nanosensor. High-sensitivity detection of Cr(VI) was achieved through internal filtering and static quenching effects. The fluorescence quenching degree of carbon dots fluorescent probe showed a good linear relationship with Cr(VI) concentration in the range of 1–100 μM. The linear equation was F₀/F = 0.9942 + 0.01472 [Cr(VI)] (R² = 0.9922), and the detection limit can be as low as 0.25 μM (S/N = 3), which has been successfully applied to Cr(VI) detection in actual water samples herein.     

Prediction of anoxic sulfide biooxidation under various HRTs using artificial neural networks

Objective During present investigation the data of a laboratory-scale anoxic sulfide oxidizing (ASO) reactor were used in a neural network system to predict its performance. Methods Five uncorrelated components of the influent wastewater were used as the artificial neural network model input to predict the output of the effluent using back-propagation and general regression algorithms. The best prediction performance is achieved when the data are preprocessed using principal components analysis (PCA) before they are fed to a back propagated neural network. Results Within the range of experimental conditions tested, it was concluded that the ANN model gave predictable results for nitrite removal from wastewater through ASO process. The model did not predict the formation of sulfate to an acceptable manner. Conclusion Apart from experimentation, ANN model can help to simulate the results of such experiments in finding the best optimal choice for ASO based denitrification. Together with wastewater collection and the use of improved treatment systems and new technologies, better control of wastewater treatment plant (WTP) can lead to more effective maneuvers by its operators and, as a consequence, better effluent quality.     

Carbon dots derived from Poria cocos polysaccharide as an effective “on-off” fluorescence sensor for chromium (VI) detection

Chromium is a harmful contaminant showing mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Therefore, detection of chromium requires the development of low-cost and high-sensitivity sensors. Herein, blue-fluorescent carbon quantum dots were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method from alkali-soluble Poria cocos polysaccharide, which is green source, cheap and easy to obtain, and has no pharmacological activity due to low water solubility. These carbon quantum dots exhibit good fluorescence stability, water solubility, anti-interference and low cytotoxicity, and can be specifically combined with the detection of Cr(VI) to form a non-fluorescent complex that causes fluorescence quenching, so they can be used as a label-free nanosensor. High-sensitivity detection of Cr(VI) was achieved through internal filtering and static quenching effects. The fluorescence quenching degree of carbon dots fluorescent probe showed a good linear relationship with Cr(VI) concentration in the range of 1–100 μM. The linear equation was F₀/F = 0.9942 + 0.01472 [Cr(VI)] (R² = 0.9922), and the detection limit can be as low as 0.25 μM (S/N = 3), which has been successfully applied to Cr(VI) detection in actual water samples herein.     

铬接触人员鼻部损害的健康调查与健康管理实施的探讨

目的探讨六价铬对作业人员鼻部损害的情况及对其实施健康管理的必要性。方法按铬盐接触时间将76名作业工人分为T1组(接触时间小于5年)、T2组(接触时间5～10年)、T3组(接触时间10～20年)、T4组(接触时间大于20年),并以该厂行政、后勤无毒接触史32人为对照组,分别采用健康问卷调查和体检的方式反映铬对鼻部损害的情况,结果作统计学分析。结果接触组中鼻部异常症状如鼻痒、喷嚏、鼻塞、嗅觉减退等发生率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且鼻痒、喷嚏、鼻塞症状多见于T1组;嗅觉减退症状多见于T4组;接触组中鼻部异常体征如鼻黏膜充血、肿胀、干燥、鼻黏膜糜烂等检出率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中以鼻黏膜充血、肿胀及鼻中隔黏膜糜烂最为多见,鼻中隔黏膜糜烂多见于T3、T4组。结论铬对作业人员的鼻部损害是明确的,并随接触时间延长而加重。应加强对作业环境的治理,降低铬浓度,加强个人防护知识教育,提高自我保健意识,相比之下,个性化、系统化的健康管理系统的建立显得尤为重要。