痉挛性斜颈脑干听觉诱发电位临床分析

目的探讨痉挛性斜颈患者脑干听觉诱发电位的功能变化。方法比较分析30例痉挛性斜颈患者及30例正常对照患者(颈部向右侧扭转)脑干听觉诱发电位双侧Ⅰ/Ⅴ波高比及Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波间期的差异。结果病例组脑干听觉诱发电位双侧的Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波间期正常,斜颈同侧的Ⅰ～Ⅲ波间期较对侧延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);双侧Ⅲ～Ⅴ波间期及Ⅰ/Ⅴ波高比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。正常对照组颈部向右侧扭转时双侧比较Ⅰ～Ⅲ波间期、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波间期、Ⅰ/Ⅴ波高比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论脑干听觉诱发电位双侧Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波间期正常提示脑干上部传导通路结构正常,斜颈扭转方向的同侧Ⅰ～Ⅲ波间期较对侧延长提示同侧的传导通路功能异常。     

抑郁症患者体感诱发电位研究

本研究使用ＣＡ－１０００叠加仪测定了２９例抑郁症患者及３０名正常人的体感诱发电位。发现抑郁症患者ＳＥＰ波型变异大，后成份活跃及稳定性差，Ｐ２波幅明显低于正常对照组。     

痉挛性斜颈外科治疗进展

自一个多世纪前Keen创建的外科切断局部神经治疗痉挛性斜颈(spasmodic torticollis,ST)以来,已形成了多种术式,如痉挛肌肉选择性切除术、副神经切断术、选择性周围神经切断术、三联术、立体定向脑运动核毁损术、鞘内泵入巴氯芬疗法、副神经根显微血管减压术、Foerster-Dandy手术,各种术式各有其自身的优缺点.本文综述了近年的相关文献,介绍ST的各种外科术式及进展.     

肌萎缩性侧索硬化症患者体感诱发电位研究

目的 研究肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)患者体感诱发电位(SEP)变化。方法 采用正中神经及肠后神经体感诱发电位(mSEP、tSEP)对30例患者进行检测，并与27例健康人作对比。结果 mSEP和tSEP的异常率分别为43．3％(13／30)及28％(7/5)，除N9、PF(腘点)、LP(T12点)峰潜伏期和对照组相比无显著差异外，其余各峰潜伏期及峰间期和对照组相比均有显著性差异。结论 ALS患者存在感觉通路损害，且中枢的改变较周围更明显，SEP检查对患者感觉损害的定位有一定价值。     

三联术治疗痉挛性斜颈

采用三联手术方法治疗旋转型（ｎ２６）、侧屈型（ｎ６）痉挛性斜颈共３２例，其中男性１８例，女性１４例，平均年龄３６．５岁。适应证：１．药物治疗一年无效的旋转型、侧屈型患者。２．颈肌严重痉挛的扭转痉挛患者。结果，旋转型２６例，优１８例（６９．２％）；良７例（２７．０％）；进步１例（４％）。侧屈型６例，优４例（６６％）；良２例（３３％）。本研究结果证实三联手术的疗效较二联手术优越。     

三联术治疗痉挛性斜颈

采用三联手术方法治疗旋转型（ｎ２６）侧屈型（ｎ６）痉挛性斜颈共３２例，其中男性１８例，女性１４例，平均年龄３６．５岁，适应证：１．药物治疗一年无效的旋转型侧屈型患得，２．颈肌严重痉挛的扭转痉挛患者，结果，旋转型２６例，优１８例（６９．２％），良７例（２７．０％），进步１例（４％），侧屈型６例，优４例（６６％），良２例（３３％），本研究结果证实三联手术了疗效较二联手术优越。     

脑梗死患者的运动及体感诱发电位研究

目的;研究脑梗死患者的运动诱发电位及体感诱发电位改变。方法：对３０例脑梗死患者在急性期行经颅磁刺激ＭＥＰ检测,对其中２０例同时行电刺激ＳＥＰ检测,１０例患者２月后复查ＭＥＰ,并以３０例健康者作为正常对照组。结果;急性期ＭＥＰ的异常率为９３％〈主要表现为皮层ＭＥＰ消失,中枢运动传导时间延长,波形异常及阈刺激强度增高。ＳＥＰ的异常率为３０％,表现为皮层波的缺失及中枢传导时间延长。     

重症肌无力体感诱发电位的研究

目的:探讨重症肌无力(MG)患者中枢神经系统(CNS)受累的可能性。方法:对32例MG患者进行体感诱发电位(SEP)的检测。结果:中枢神经系统功能异常15例(46.9％),以一侧P22波潜伏期延长,波幅降低多见,其次N20潜伏期延长,12例治疗后复查,8例异常得以恢复。结论:本研究表明MG可出现中枢神经系统改变。SEP可作为MG早期发现CNS改变的检测手段。     

痉挛性斜颈2例报告

<正> 例1,女,34岁。5天前与爱人吵架时,被对方在左侧头部打一耳光。然后躺在床上休息,似睡非睡。约一小时起床后发现,头部呈持续性转向右侧,越生气越明显。检查:神志清醒,回答切题,陈述病史时泣哭。头部无外伤表现,左侧胸锁乳突肌紧张,头部呈持续性转向右侧,其余神经系统正常。给予VitB_1、VBC合剂和安定治疗,一周后复诊时已痊愈。     

口服胃复安致痉挛性斜颈11例报告

本文报告口服胃复安所致痉挛性斜颈11例如下：     

A study of multimodality evoked responses in idiopathic spasmodic torticollis

A wide variety of anatomical sites have been implicated in the pathogenesis of torticollis, based primarily on animal studies. These include lesions in the mesencephalic tegmentum, third ventricle, diencephalon, pre-tectal area, prestitial nucleus of the mid-brain, cervical cord, atlanto-axial junction and motor cortex, amongst others. This study describes the use of multimodality evoked potentials including visual, auditory, bilateral median and peroneal somatosensory evoked responses, undertaken in patients with idiopathic spasmodic torticollis. An attempt was made to non-invasively identify any physiological disruption along these major pathways which could help locate a causative lesion. Normal evoked responses were obtained both ipsilateral and contralateral to the affected side in all patients. It is concluded that the lesion in idiopathic spasmodic torticollis does not discernibly involve the visual, auditory or motor somatosensory pathways.     

Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with spasmodic torticollis

Several studies have reported raised levels of psychopathology based on self-rating scales in patients with spasmodic torticollis. Recent publications have also proposed that psychopathology, especially symptoms of depression, might be a reaction to dystonia or constitute a nonspecific reaction pattern. To determine the actual frequency of psychiatric disorders, we evaluated 44 patients with spasmodic torticollis (20 female, 24 male; mean age 43.6 years, sd 10.4) using the standard instrument for psychiatric diagnosis in the DSM-III-R (Structured Clinical Interview Schedule, SCID). The SCID permits retrospective diagnosis for most of the major psychiatric disorders, including the time before onset of dystonia. SCID criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder were fulfilled in 65.9% of patients, including both lifetime and current diagnosis. The most frequent diagnostic categories were panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (29.5%), major depressive disorder (25%), substance abuse (13.6%), and obsessive compulsive disorders (6.8%) were diagnosed less frequently. The patient-recalled onset of psychiatric symptoms preceded onset of torticollis symptoms in 43.2% of those investigated.     

Swallowing function in patients with spasmodic torticollis

We examined the oropharyngeal swallowing ability of 43 patients with spasmodic torticollis using a videofluoroscopic procedure. Twenty-two (51.2%) demonstrated objective evidence of swallowing abnormalities; 15 (34.9%) had subjective complaints. Delayed swallowing reflex and vallecular residue were more frequent (p less than 0.0046) than any other abnormality. The constellations of abnormalities were consistent with neurogenic, postural, and mixed neurogenic-postural types of dysphagia.     

Cervico-ocular function in patients with spasmodic torticollis.

The cervico-ocular (COR) and active and passive vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR) were measured in seven patients with spasmodic torticollis (ST) and six normal controls. The COR was found to be weak or absent in both groups. The VOR gain was similar in the two groups but five patients had a significant asymmetry of the response. There was no evidence of abnormal cervico-vestibular interaction during active head rotation. The study suggests that the VOR asymmetry frequently found in ST cannot be explained on the basis of an abnormal cervical input.     

Lymphocyte subset abnormalities in patients with spasmodic torticollis

The aetiology of spasmodic torticollis is unknown but the patients form a heterogeneous group among which are cases apparently precipitated by a viral illness and others associated with autoimmune disease. We therefore decided to investigate the immunoregulatory lymphocyte subsets in our 11 cases. A significant decrease of both helper and suppressor lymphocytes was identified in the group, together with in vitro evidence of depressed suppressor cell function. Disturbance of the immune response may play a role in this puzzling disorder.     

Long-term follow-up study of spasmodic torticollis

Since 1958, 61 patients with spasmodic torticollis, 46 of whom did not develop other kinds of involuntary movements, have been experienced in our neurosurgical clinic. The course of these 46 patients was followed for more than one year. The retrospective analysis revealed 25 patients were treated conservatively, and 21 patients were treated surgically. Surgical treatment consisted of stereotactic ventrolateral thalamotomy in 19 patients, and Olivecrona's operation in the other 2. The long-term outcome of conservative therapy was compared to that of surgical therapy. One patient with severe retrocollis with horizontal components was treated successfully but transiently by implantation of stimulating electrodes in the cervical epidural spinal cord. The peak incidence of the onset of the disease was in the fourth decade; however, the time of onset ranged from 7 to 55 years of age. The period from disease onset to the final evaluation in the follow-up was 9.3 years (mean) in the conservative group, and 8.5 years in the surgically treated group (no significant difference). There were no significant differences between the groups in the interval from the time of disease onset to the initial evaluation in our clinic, stage determined at evaluation, and follow-up period after the initial evaluation. Of the 25 conservatively treated patients, symptoms and signs remained unchanged in 8, deteriorated in one, but improved significantly in most of the remaining patients. Many of the surgically treated patients showed improvement one week after surgery, but the long-term outcome was not significantly better than that of the conservatively treated patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Vestibular hyperreactivity in patients with idiopathic spasmodic torticollis.

Ocular motor tests performed on 14 patients with idiopathic spasmodic torticollis were normal. The vestibulo-ocular reflex tested in eight patients showed a significant high level in seven. It is suggested that this phenomenon is secondary rather than the cause of spasmodic torticollis.     

Obsessive-compulsive characteristics in patients with idiopathic spasmodic torticollis.

To explore suggested relationships between involuntary motor disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we evaluated obsessive-compulsive characteristics in patients with idiopathic spasmodic torticollis (IST). Twenty-two patients with IST had significantly higher scores than 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the obsessionality subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The IST patients also had higher (though not significantly so) scores on the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory. Their Beck Depression Inventory scores were likewise higher than those of controls. These results provide additional support for the theory of a link between basal ganglia disorders and psychiatric disorders.