男童青春期体格生长与性发育的关系

目的分析男童青春期生长特点,探索男童青春期生长与性发育的关系,为准确反映男童青春期发育情况提供参考。方法对重庆市九龙坡区一至四年级男童的青春发育进行追踪随访,每6个月随访1次,共随访5年。选取其中男童的身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、首次遗精年龄及睾丸发育的数据进行分析。以青春期生长速度高峰值(PHV)为基点,分析PHV平均水平及峰值年龄(PHA)。采用方差分析比较不同年龄组男童首次遗精前后的身高生长速度;采用Kendall等级相关分析不同睾丸发育分期与BMI的关系。结果青春期身高队列男童PHA平均(11.72±1.03)岁,首次遗精前后生长速度队列首次遗精年龄平均(12.45±0.98)岁。首次遗精年龄前后1年的身高增值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男童首次遗精年龄越小,其后1年身高增长值越大。男童11～14岁各组的身高、体重、BMI与睾丸容积呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。结论男童首次遗精前1年身高增长值达高峰,遗精后增长值开始下降,且男童首次遗精年龄与其后1年的身高增值呈负相关,男童睾丸发育与身高、体重及BMI呈正相关。     

3~12岁儿童体成分对骨龄发育的影响因素研究

目的 了解3~12岁儿童体成分构成现状,探索不同体成分对骨龄发育的影响。方法 选取2012年4月1日-2013年12月31日在武汉市妇女儿童保健中心儿保科进行体格测量、人体成分分析、骨龄评价的1 351例3~12岁儿童作为研究对象,进行现况研究。结果 1 351例儿童中,男童748例,女童603例,性别比例为1.24∶1。矮身材、低体重、超重和肥胖比例分别为17.25%,12.95%、11.18%和7.62%。不同年龄组儿童的骨龄均低于实际年龄,骨龄落后比例为4.66%,偏落后的比例为18.65%;体成分含量不足主要体现在骨骼肌(44.19%)、骨矿物质(37.38%)和无机盐(37.16%),含量过量主要体现在脂肪 (23.24%)。上肢皮下脂肪厚度、身体脂肪含量、体重和体质指数等指标是儿童骨龄超前发育的促进因素,下肢皮下脂肪厚度、身体骨骼肌和骨矿物质含量等指标是儿童骨龄超前发育的抑制因素。结论 合理膳食,适当运动,避免体重增加(尤其脂肪含量增加),适当补充维生素和矿物质制剂,可有效延缓儿童骨龄发育,使儿童获得更高的终身高成为可能。     

青春早期不同体成分女孩体脂含量与性发育水平追踪研究

目的 探讨不同体成分青春早期女孩体脂含量与性发育水平之间的关系,为研究儿童单纯性肥胖预防对策提供基础资料.方法 整群抽取沈阳市沈河区3所小学8岁女生327名,按皮褶厚度推算体脂含量.按体脂比将研究对象分为肥胖、中等、消瘦3组,共筛选女孩105名,追踪观察4 a.采用Harpenden式卡钳检测皮褶厚度,唾液雌二醇水平采用化学发光酶联免疫法.结果 追踪4 a期间,不同体成分组女孩身高、体重均随年龄的增加而增加;3组女孩的体脂肪和瘦体重均随年龄的增加而增加,且肥胖组＞中等组＞消瘦组;肥胖组女孩体脂比在8～10岁时呈上升趋势,10岁开始逐渐下降,而中等组和消瘦组一直旱现上升趋势.3组女孩唾液雌二醇水平随年龄的增加而增加,肥胖组的雌二醇水平在8～9岁时高于中等组和消瘦组,8岁时差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).不同体成分女孩月经来潮率不同,肥胖组高于消瘦组(P＜0.01).结论 青春早期不同体成分女孩性发育存在差异,肥胖女孩性发育提前.     

蒙族男生青春期性发育与体成分关系探讨

本文调查了155名8～15岁牧区蒙族男生性发育、皮褶厚度及部分年龄段唾液睾酮水平．并以右肱三头肌及右肩胛下角皮褶厚度推算了体成分。分析结果表明：随性发育水平升高，瘦体重增加明显．总体脂呈缓慢上升．而体脂比则有下降趋势，提示蒙族男生育着期性发育与体成分的变化有一定联系。     

3~6岁肥胖儿童身体素质体成分与骨龄发育的关系

观察肥胖幼儿的骨龄变化以及肥胖与骨龄发育的相关程度,为采取有效手段维持儿童青少年正常体质指标与激素水平提供参考.方法 随机整群抽取上海市30所幼儿园360名3~6岁肥胖儿童,统一进行骨龄评价和体质测试评分评级,观察肥胖程度与骨龄发育的相关关系以及骨龄与肥胖幼儿身体成分、身体素质之间的联系.结果 除4岁组外,不同年龄组肥胖幼儿的骨龄均高于实际年龄(P值均<0.01).幼儿体重与骨龄差值呈正相关,且肥胖程度越高,相关系数越大(轻、中、重度肥胖r值分别为0.22,0.29,0.57,P值均<0.01);骨龄与体质测试中的身高、体重、身体素质总评分间的相关均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),与体成分中的肌肉量、脂肪量指标的相关均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),其他单项指标均无统计学意义.结论 3~6岁单纯性肥胖幼儿的体重与骨龄显著相关.随着肥胖程度的加深,骨龄也会随之快速增长,带来一系列的激素水平异常等问题,影响幼儿的正常生长发育.     

不同体成分10岁男童性发育与体脂及睾酮水平追踪研究

目的探讨不同体成分青春早期男孩性发育与体脂及睾酮水平之间的相互关系,为儿童青少年生长发育研究提供依据。方法选取66名10岁男童,按年龄、身高、第二性征进行1∶1∶1匹配,追踪观察3 a,检测其体成分、性发育状况,测定睾酮水平。结果3组男童的体脂肪和瘦体重均随年龄增加而增加;肥胖组男孩阴茎长度小于中等组和消瘦组;肥胖组的阴茎长度和横径与体脂肪呈负相关,与睾酮水平呈正相关。结论青春早期肥胖男孩性器官发育滞后,与体脂肪和睾酮关系密切。     

儿童青少年体成分影响因素的双生子研究

目的分析儿童青少年体成分发育指标的遗传度，探讨遗传对儿童青少年体成分发育的影响。方法测量603对6～18岁同性别双生子（单卵双生431对，二卵双生172对）的体重、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶厚度，计算2处皮褶厚度之和、体脂率、体脂量和瘦体重。用组内相关系数法，计算调整年龄后各指标遗传度。结果各指标组内相关系数均为单卵双生子大于二卵双生子，遗传度均在0．72以上，性别差异无统计学意义。体脂率遗传度男为0．77，女为0．73；体脂量男为0．79，女为0．78；瘦体重男为0．87，女为0．86。结论遗传因素对儿童青少年体成分发育起主要控制作用，其影响程度无明显的性别差异。     

儿童体成分差异与骨龄关系的探讨

目的 观察不同体成分对儿童骨骼发育的影响。方法 选取8岁、10岁不同体成分儿童411名，依据体脂比分成肥胖、中等、消瘦3组，投身高、体重和第二性征进行1：1：1配对，观察比较各组间骨龄差异。同时，将411名儿童按性别分成两组，进行骨龄与体重成分的相关分析。结果 肥胖儿童骨龄高于消瘦儿童。骨龄与体脂比、瘦体重、体脂肪成正相关。结论 体成分对儿童骨骼发育有一定影响。     

Semen Characteristics in Pubertal Boys. II. Semen Quality in Relation to Bone Age

Semen specimens from 134 pubertal boys were examined and compared to bone age. Normal figures for semen volume, liquefaction, sperm concentration, and morphology were observed between 15 0/12 and 16 0/12 years of bone age. The number of normally motile spermatozoa became standard at 17 0/12 years of bone age. Azoospermia was noted from 13 0/12 to 14 0/12 years of bone age, oligozoospermia from 14 0/12 to 15 0/12, asthenozoospermia from 16 0/12 to 17 0/12, and normospermia from 17 0/12 on.     

不同体成分儿童骨龄与唾液性激素水平的追踪研究

目的　了解不同体成分儿童在 8～ 1 0岁期间骨龄与唾液性激素水平之间的关系。方法　整群抽取沈阳市沈河区 3所小学 8岁儿童 ,按体脂百分比分成肥胖、中等、消瘦 3组。 3组儿童按实足年龄、身高、第二性征进行 1∶1∶1匹配 ,得到有效数据男童 81人 (2 7对 ) ,女童 78人 (2 6对 )。追踪观察 3年 ,判定骨龄 ,测定唾液睾酮和雌二醇水平。结果　骨龄与体成分和唾液性激素之间有很好的相关性 (P <0 .0 1 )。不同体成分组 ,男童在 8～ 1 0岁期间骨龄或唾液睾酮水平组间差异无显著性 ,女童骨龄在 9岁时开始表现出差异 ,肥胖组比消瘦组提前 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,1 0岁时这种差异在中等组与消瘦组间有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　不同体成分的 8～ 1 0岁女童与男童的骨龄与唾液性激素水平发育形式不同 ,女童不同体成分组间性激素上的差异无显著性 ,而骨龄差异有显著性 ;男童则首先表现出性激素差异     

Maternal Age at Menarche and Pubertal Timing in Boys and Girls: A Cohort Study From Chongqing,China

PurposeThis study explored the association of maternal age at menarche (AAM) with pubertal timing among girls and boys in Chongqing, China.MethodsPubertal development of 1,237 children (542 girls and 695 boys) were examined half-yearly through inspection and palpation from April 2014 to June 2019. Characteristics of parents and maternal AAM were collected by a parental questionnaire at baseline. Maternal AAM was used both as a continuous and a categorical variable in Cox regression models.ResultsA total of 1,198 children (528 girls and 670 boys) were included in the study. In the simple Cox model, earlier maternal AAM was associated with girls' earlier menarche, breast and pubic hair development, and boys' first ejaculation, testicular development, and genital development. When adjusting for children's body mass index z-scores (BMIz) and socioeconomic covariates, we found that girls whose mothers had early AAM had a higher risk of earlier onset of menarche (hazard ratio [HR]: .922, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .852–.998 for continuous maternal AAM, HR: 1.297, 95% CI: 1.041–1.616 for maternal AAM ≤13 years), and boys whose mother achieved menarche earlier experienced a higher risk of earlier onset of first ejaculation (HR: .896, 95% CI: .830–.968). Children's BMIz were related to all nine pubertal milestones. Parental education and relationship, birth weight, parity, and family type were also associated with pubertal timing.ConclusionsEarlier maternal AAM was related to earlier pubertal timing in both girls and boys in Chongqing, especially girls' age at menarche and boys' first ejaculation. Children's BMIz was the most consistent factor for pubertal timing. Children's BMIz and socioeconomic conditions had greater influence on most pubertal milestones than maternal AAM.     

Relationship of Eating Behaviors with Age,Anthropometric Measurements,and Body Composition Parameters among Professional Indian Women

One hundred volunteer female college teachers were selected from Jalandhar, Punjab, India. General obesity was found in 56.6%, 76.9%, and 76.2%, abdominal obesity in 56.6%, 57.7%, and 81.0%, of 30- to 39-year-old (Group I), 40- to 49-year-old, (Group II) and 50- to 59-year-old (Group III) participants, respectively. A significantly (p ≤ .05) lower mean value of uncontrolled eating domain was observed in the participants belonging to Group I in comparison to Groups II and III. The cognitive restraint was less in Group III (13.71%), followed by Group II (14.04%) and I (13.71%). The mean values of emotional eating domain revealed not much difference in Group I (12.19%), Group II (12.65%), and Group III (12.00%). Adiposity showed a significant (p ≤ .10, .05) relationship with age and eating behaviors. In conclusion, lesser cognitive dietary restraint and emotional eating were the variables associated with adiposity in the participants.     

Association of Nutrition in Early Childhood with Body Composition and Leptin in Later Childhood and Early Adulthood

Objectives: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), this study aimed to replicate the finding of the Etude Longitudinale Alimentation Nutrition Croissance des Enfants (ELANCE) that low fat intake in early childhood was associated with increased adiposity in adulthood. Methods: Diet was assessed at 8 and 18 months using 3-day food records. Body composition variables were measured at 9 and 17 years, and serum leptin at 9 years. Associations were modelled using adjusted linear regression. Results: In replication analyses, in contrast to ELANCE, there was a positive association between fat intake (% energy) at 18 months and fat mass (FM) at 9 years (B coefficient 0.10 (95% CI 0.03, 0.20) kg, p = 0.005). There was no association with serum leptin. In extended analyses fat intake at 18 months was positively associated with FM in boys (0.2 (0.00, 0.30), p = 0.008) at 9 years but not in girls. Fat intake was positively associated with serum leptin concentration in boys (0.2 (0.1, 0.4) ng/mL, p = 0.011) but not in girls. Conclusions: Our results did not corroborate the findings from the ELANCE study. A high fat diet in early life may have implications for later childhood and adolescent obesity.     

Nutrition and Bone Density in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background

Boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than typically developing controls. Differences in diet and exercise may contribute to low BMD.

Measurement of Pubertal Status with a Chinese Self-report Pubertal Development Scale

This cross sectional study of 290 Chinese children aged 8–18 years, evaluated a Chinese version of the self-reported Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) against both raters’ and self-reported Tanner assessment of pubertal status. Children completed both the self-reported PDS and self-reported Tanner pubertal questionnaire prior to physical examination through visual depiction by a same gender rater. Puberty Category Scores (PCS) which were derived from the PDS, was used to categorize children into one of five pubertal development stages. Tanner derived composite stage (TDCS) which was derived from the Tanner pubertal questionnaires, was used to compare with PCS to obtain the inter-rater agreement. Moderately high agreements were found between raters’ TDCS and PCS in girls [weighted kappa (WK) 0.57 (0.44, 0.71); Kendallτ-b 0.60 (0.51, 0.69)] and in boys [WK 0.58 (0.47, 0.69), Kendallτ-b 0.50 (0.38, 0.62)]. The correlation between self-reported PDS and rater’s assessment was substantial in girls [Kendallτ-b 0.61 (0.54, 0.69)] and moderate in boys [Kendallτ-b 0.49 (0.38, 0.61)]. The Hong Kong Chinese children and adolescents were able to reliably estimate their own sexual maturation status (SMS) using a Chinese version PDS. This instrument may be useful in epidemiological studies when cost, privacy and other concerns preclude the use of other SMS assessment tools.