呼吸机质量控制结果及讨论

目的对呼吸机进行质量检测控制,掌握呼吸机的性能状况,提高其监测可靠性。方法使用专用测量标准设备对呼吸机的各项性能指标进行检测。结果我院3年检测的71台呼吸机总合格率为81.6%。结论呼吸机是医院医疗设备重要的一项,应提高对其质量控制的认识,为提升医疗质量提供保障。     

医院在用呼吸机质量管理体系研究

目的:探究医院在用呼吸机质量管理体系在保障呼吸机质量安全、延长呼吸机使用寿命中的应用意义.方法:循证呼吸机临床使用案例分析呼吸机质量管理体系建设的必要性和重要性,采用保证呼吸机各项性能指标符合相关标准和技术要求;预防因呼吸机设备引起的医疗事故和医疗设备不良事件发生;提高医学工程人员技术水平和对医疗设备性能的认识;及时校...     

基于根本原因分析法对医疗设备使用风险的探究

目的：寻找出医疗设备使用风险的原因,完善医院医疗设备质量控制体系。方法：以根本原因分析（RCA）法为基础,采用事件分析法评估X线机、高频电刀、婴儿暖箱、除颤心电监护仪、心电监护仪、微量注射泵和呼吸机,探讨医疗设备产生医疗风险的根本原因。结果：通过加强预防性维护和质量控制检测可以降低医疗设备的使用风险。结论：采用RCA法对医疗设备质量检测结果进行分析,能够进一步完善医院医疗设备质量控制体系,保障医疗设备的使用安全     

探析风险管理在呼吸机维护与维修中的应用

大型医疗设备在医院的诊疗工作中，发挥着重要的作用。但是部分医院对这些大型医疗设备的管理存在不足，存在重采购轻管理的问题，导致一些大型医疗设备的使用效率降低，引起医疗资源的浪费，甚至会带来安全事故，威胁医护人员和受检者的生命安全。呼吸机是医院常用的医疗设备之一，文章介绍了医院当前的呼吸机管理现状，分析了医院强化对大型设备管理的必要性。并设计了对医疗呼吸机的风险管理标准体系，并指出了几点呼吸机的风险管理与维护策略措施。以期作为医院设备风险管理质量提升的有价值参考。     

呼吸机使用的科学管理

呼吸机是抢救危重病人不可缺少的医疗设备。由于近年来呼吸机的功能不断完善，高科技含量增加，设备的使用、维护、管理问题越来越突出。本文从医院实际情况出发，提出了从建立操作培训考核制度、日常维护制度、质量控制制度，以及利用医院HIS(Hospital Information System，医院信息系统)研制呼吸机使用在线帮助软件等几方面加强呼吸机科学管理的几点建议。     

浅谈医院医疗设备管理过程的质量控制

随着科学技术的发展以及患者对医疗需求的不断提高,诊断和治疗越来越依靠高精尖的医疗设备.医疗设备质量管理是医院医疗质量控制体系的重要组成部分,是围绕着医疗设备的采购、使用、安全、质量、成本和效益等进行的一系列管理活动和技术活动的总和.通过对现阶段医院因医疗设备质量问题所带来诸多危害的现状分析,从医院流程上探索和研究医疗设备质量控制管理工作的要点,多环节构建质量控制技术规范和完善操作方法,从而增强医院医疗设备质量控制的效果.     

呼吸机质量控制探讨

目的:根据部队目前对于医疗设备质量控制的要求,探讨在检定过程中应注意的细节。方法:根据《医疗设备质量控制检测技术丛书(二)》对各种品牌的呼吸机进行检定。结果:全面检测某院各种品牌的呼吸机,对于出现的各种问题进行详细的分析。结论:呼吸机质量控制的实施为临床的安全应用提供了保障,同时也对医学工程人员提出了要求。     

口腔医院医疗设备质量控制管理体系的探索与研究

随着医疗水平的发展,医疗设备广泛应用,口腔医院医疗设备出现了多元化,给医院质量控制带来了新的问题。从口腔医院自身特点出发,以医疗设备使用中涉及的安全性问题入手,阐述了进行医疗设备控制的重要性,探讨了质量控制的范围和内容,结合实际工作对医疗设备质量控制体系的建立进行了探讨。     

加强医院医疗设备质量控制，应要把握的几个环节

讲述了加强医疗设备质量控制的意义,分析了当前医院医疗设备质量控制存在的问题和认识上的不足;强调医疗设备质控教育,提高医院领导,医学工程人员,医护人员及患者对医疗设备质量控制认识,对如何做好医疗设备质量控制,结合我院实行情况,谈谈医疗设备质量控制工作中应把握的几个环节。     

构建医院医疗设备质量控制体系的几点做法

目的：建立一套全员、全要素、全寿命周期的医疗设备质量控制体系,以加强医疗设备的质量管理.方法：运用全面质量管理理论、医疗设备全寿命周期管理理论、风险管理理论等理论和方法,通过分析目前国内医疗设备质量控制的现状,提出了构建医疗设备质量控制体系的做法.结果：经过在北京某部队的三甲医院试运行,提升了医疗设备的总体质量和管理水平.结论：构建医疗设备质量控制体系能够保障医疗设备的质量与安全,提升医院的诊疗水平,值得推广应用.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.