去除窦弓神经引起下丘脑室旁核小细胞部氮能神经元持续激活(英文)

目的:旨在研究去除窦弓神经是否导致下丘脑室旁核(PVN)氮能神经元处于持续激活状态。方法:成年大鼠行窦弓神经去除术,1周后制备下丘脑脑片,进行还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)组织化学结合Fos免疫组织化学染色。结果:在PVN的内侧、背侧和外侧小细胞部有大量Fos阳性神经元分布,并与NADPH-d部分共存,但在PVN的室周和前小细胞部以及大细胞仅观察到弱阳性的Fos信号,偶尔观察到双标记神经元。结论:去窦弓神经大鼠下丘脑室旁核小细胞部氮能神经元处于持续激活状态,可能起代偿性抑制中枢交感活性的作用。     

内脏伤害性刺激后大鼠臂旁核内Fos样神经元的亚核定位

目的观察内脏伤害性刺激后大鼠臂旁核内Fos阳性神经元的亚核分布。方法给予大鼠2%甲醛溶液灌胃后,用Fos蛋白免疫组织化学方法观察臂旁核内Fos阳性神经元在各亚核内的分布情况。结果Fos阳性神经元在臂旁核内的分布具有亚核特异性:外侧核外亚核、Kolliker-Fuse核和外侧核背亚核有大量分布;外侧核中央亚核有少量分布;其余各亚核偶见或未见分布。结论臂旁核的外侧核外亚核、Kolliker-Fuse核和外侧核背亚核在内脏伤害性刺激的传递过程中起中继作用。     

内脏伤害性刺激后Fos在大鼠脑内NOS阳性神经元内的表达

目的：观察一氧化氮合酶(NOS)阳性神经元在内脏伤害性信息传递通路上的分布。方法：给予大鼠内脏伤害性刺激后,采用Fos免疫组织化学(ABC法)和还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)组织化学双重染色的方法,观察脑内NOS和Fos阳性神经元的分布。结果：脑内Fos／NOS双标阳性神经元主要分布在孤束核,中缝背核,丘脑室旁核,下丘脑室旁核、室周核、背内侧核,中脑导水管周围灰质腹外侧部、背外侧部,臂旁内侧核,内侧缰核,杏仁复合体内侧部等部位。结论：NO是内脏伤害性信息传递和调控通路上的神经递质之一。     

SP样和L-ENK样免疫反应物在大鼠臂旁核内的分布

本文用PAP法研究P物质样的亮氨酸脑啡肽样免疫反应性(SP-LI,L-ENK-LI)物在大鼠臂旁核各亚核内的分布。在外侧腹亚核、外侧背亚核、外侧外亚核、背侧臂旁区、间质部、内侧臂旁主核尾侧段的背侧部及K-F核中有大量的L-ENK-LI终末和纤维,外侧中央亚核和外侧上亚核内为中等量;在这些核中,除背侧区、外侧上亚核、间质部和内侧臂旁主核外均有许多L-ENK-LI胞体。SP-LI终末和纤维的分布与L-ENK-LI有些类似,但在某些核中的量较少;SP-LI胞体少量见于外侧亚核、外侧中央亚核和内侧臂旁核等的咀侧段。     

大鼠杏仁内侧核NADPH-d阳性终末的起源

目的 探讨一氧化氮合酶(NOs)在杏仁内侧核传人投射神经元中的分布。方法 霍乱毒素B亚单位(CTb)逆行追踪和还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)组织化学双重染色相结合的方法。结果 双标神经元(NADPH／CTb)主要分布在中缝背核、蓝斑、臂旁核、导水管周围灰质腹外侧部以及杏仁复合体基底外侧核等神经核团。结论 大鼠杏仁内侧核内的NADPH-d阳性终末主要起源于上述核团,并且提示它们参与杏仁内侧核的功能调节。     

大鼠终纹床核向结合臂旁核的投射 Ⅰ.HRP、PHA-L顺行追踪研究

应用HRP、PHA-L顺行标记技术对大鼠终纹床核向结合臂旁核的投射进行了研究。在尾侧结合臂旁核,投射终支分布于臂旁外侧核的腹外侧亚核及臂旁内侧核,在腹外侧亚核与臂旁内侧核之间的结合臂中也可见标记纤维;在中吻部结合臂旁核标记终支分布于臂旁外侧核的外外侧亚核、背外侧亚核、中央外侧亚核、腹外侧亚核及内外侧亚核;在结合臂背内侧端背侧可见许多标记终支分布;在臂旁内侧核亦见标记终支。     

下丘脑室旁核经迷走神经复合体对哮喘大鼠的神经调控研究

为探讨下丘脑室旁核对哮喘大鼠的神经调控途径,取健康雄性SD大鼠制备哮喘模型并诱发哮喘发作,运用WGA-HRP逆行追踪法与免疫组织化学染色法(ABC法)相结合的双重标记方法,在光镜下观察向迷走神经复合体(DVC)发出投射的下丘脑室旁核(PVN)神经元内Fos蛋白的表达情况。结果显示:PVN内有三种阳性细胞,即HRP逆行标记神经元、Fos样免疫阳性神经元和HRP/Fos双标神经元。这些神经元主要见于PVN小细胞部的内侧亚核和外侧亚核,散在分布于背侧亚核,在前小细胞亚核内未见阳性反应;Fos样免疫阳性细胞呈双侧分布,且HRP逆标神经元,HRP/Fos双标神经元也为双侧分布,但以注射区同侧占优势。HRP/Fos双标神经元占HRP标记细胞的44.22%。本研究结果提示,哮喘大鼠发作时中枢内包括下丘脑PVN、延髓DVC的多个脑区内神经元兴奋,且两者之间通过直接投射联系参与哮喘的调控。     

杏仁核参与大鼠哮喘发作及其机制探讨

为探讨杏仁核是否参与大鼠哮喘发作及其机制,采用卵蛋白致敏哮喘大鼠模型,运用WGA-HRP逆行追踪与免疫组织化学染色相结合的双重标记方法,在光镜下观察向下丘脑室旁核(PVN)发出投射的杏仁核神经元内Fos蛋白的表达情况。结果显示:杏仁核内可观察到三种阳性细胞,即HRP逆标神经元、Fos阳性神经元和HRP/Fos双标神经元。Fos阳性细胞呈双侧分布,主要分布在杏仁核的内侧亚核(MeA)和中央亚核(CeA);HRP逆标神经元和HRP/Fos双标神经元分布在注射区同侧的内侧杏仁核,内侧杏仁核内HRP/Fos双标神经元占HRP单标神经元的33.55%。本研究结果提示,哮喘大鼠发作时,杏仁核、下丘脑室旁核的神经元兴奋,且杏仁核到下丘脑室旁核的直接投射可能参与了哮喘发作的调控。     

一氧化氮合酶在大鼠杏仁基外侧核传入神经元内的分布

目的：研究一氧化氮合酶(NOS)在大鼠杏仁基外侧核(BLA)传入投射神经元中的分布。方法：采用霍乱毒素B亚单位(CTb)逆行追踪和还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH—d)组织化学双重染色相结合的方法。结果：双标神经元(NADPH-d／CTb)主要分布在孤束核、蓝斑、臂旁内侧核、中缝背核、中央灰质背侧部、丘脑室旁核、下丘脑室旁核、下丘脑室周核、下丘脑腹内侧核以及杏仁内侧核等神经核团。结论：NOS在大鼠BLA传人投射神经元中主要分布于上述核团,并且提示NO参与BLA的功能调节。     

NOS在大鼠杏仁皮质核传入神经元内的分布

目的研究一氧化氮合酶(NOS)在杏仁皮质核传入投射神经元中的分布。方法采用霍乱毒素B亚单位(CTb)逆行追踪和还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)组织化学双重染色相结合的方法。结果双标神经元(NADPH/CTb)主要分布在孤束核(Sol)、蓝斑(LC)、臂旁内侧核(MPB)、中缝背核(DR)、中央灰质外侧部(CGL)、中央灰质背侧部(CGD)、丘脑室旁核(PV)、下丘脑室旁核(Pa)、下丘脑室周核(Pe)、下丘脑腹内侧(VMH)核以及杏仁内侧核(ME)等神经核团。结论NOS在大鼠杏仁皮质核传入投射神经元中主要分布于上述核团,并且提示NO参与杏仁皮质核的功能调节。     

胃肠道伤害性刺激诱导大鼠孤束核,视上核,室旁核内FOS蛋白的表达

用抗ＦＯＳ免疫组化技术，观察胃肠道伤害性刺激诱导大鼠孤束核、视上核、室旁核内ｃ－ｆｏｓ的表达，并结合抗ＴＨ免疫双重染色技术，探讨孤束核内儿茶酚胺能神经元与ＦＯＳ蛋白的关系，结果表明：ＦＯＳ阳性细胞主要分布于孤束核的连合亚核、内业核以及背侧周边区，说明孤束核是内脏伤害性信息初级传和冲动的直接反应区。在下丘脑内主要２于视上核和室旁核，提示视上核和室旁核在内脏伤害性刺激的传递中起中毒作用。在双标切片中，     

NaCl味觉刺激对钠缺乏大鼠臂旁核c-fos表达的影响

目的:探讨臂旁核(PBN)在钠平衡行为调节中的作用。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠20只,分为对照组、糖精溶液口腔灌流组(Sac组)、NaCl溶液口腔灌流组(NaCl组)、注射furosemide后NaCl溶液口腔灌流组(Furo-NaCl组),观察大鼠对味刺激的摄取反应和各组PBN各亚核内c-fos表达水平差异。结果:正常大鼠对糖精溶液显示嗜好性反应,对NaCl溶液显示厌恶性反应,但钠缺乏大鼠对NaCl也表现出嗜好性摄取反应。Sac组PBN各亚核内c-fos表达水平均高于对照组;NaCl刺激增加内侧亚核(ms)内的c-fos表达,但减少外部外侧亚核(els)内的c-fos表达;Furo- NaCl组els和中央外侧亚核(cls)内c-fos表达显著高于其他3组,ms内的c-fos表达低于NaCl组,但仍高于对照组和Sac组。结论:els和cls在钠平衡的味觉嗜好调节中发挥重要作用。     

Location of Neurons in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdaloid Body Projecting to the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

Experiments were performed on rats using retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase with the aim of identifying cells in the individual structures of the central nucleus of the amygdaloid body (CNAB) innervating the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Labeled cells were seen in the ipsilateral CNAB throughout its rostrocaudal extent. The largest number of labeled neurons was seen in the middle third of the nucleus in the area corresponding to the intermediate subnucleus of the CNAB. Occasional cells were located in the medial and lateral subnuclei of the CNAB. Labeled neurons in the intermediate subnucleus were oval cells or cells of indeterminate shape.     

Colocalization of GluR1 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in rat nucleus tractus solitarii neurons.

Previously we demonstrated that glutamate and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) containing neuronal elements are frequently apposed in subnuclei of the rat nucleus tractus solitarii. It is known that glutamate receptors (GluRs) of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) subtype participate in cardiovascular regulation by the nucleus tractus solitarii and that responses to AMPA receptor activation may be linked to NO. Therefore, in the present study, we further tested the hypothesis that the calcium-permeable subunit GluR1 of AMPA type GluRs and nNOS are colocalized in neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii. Distribution of GluR1 and nNOS in rat nucleus tractus solitarii was investigated by double fluorescent immunohistochemistry combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy.Numerous GluR1 immunoreactive cells and fibers were present in subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii. The staining intensity of GluR1 immunoreactive cells varied among subnuclei. Cells in the interstitial subnucleus contained the highest GluR1 staining intensity. A moderate intensity of staining was present in the intermediate, dorsolateral, ventral, and commissural subnuclei. A slightly lower level of GluR1 immunoreactivity was present in cells of the medial subnucleus. Cells in the central subnucleus contained a low level of GluR1 immunoreactivity. The staining intensity of GluR1 immunoreactive fibers also varied among subnuclei. Distribution of nNOS immunoreactivity in the nucleus tractus solitarii and other brain stem areas was the same as in our earlier reports. Superimposition of confocal images of nNOS immunoreactivity and GluR1 immunoreactivity allowed us to identify double-labeled structures. Nearly all neurons that were immunoreactive for nNOS contained GluR1 immunoreactivity, but only a proportion of GluR1 immunoreactive cells contained nNOS immunoreactivity. Double-labeled neurons were present in all subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii. The percentages of GluR1 immunoreactive cells that also contained nNOS immunoreactivity differed among subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii. Fibers that labeled for nNOS alone, GluR1 alone or both were present among labeled cells in these subnuclei.These data support the hypothesis that GluR1 and nNOS are colocalized in neurons of nucleus tractus solitarii. The demonstration of this anatomical relationship provides further anatomical support for the hypothesis that activation of AMPA receptors on neurons that synthesize NO in the nucleus tractus solitarii contributes to autonomic regulation.     

大鼠室旁核内一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的构筑

利用黄递酶组织化学染色 ,观察鼠脑室旁核各亚核内 NOS阳性神经元的构筑。结果显示室旁核内 NOS阳性神经元主要分为两种类型 :大型 NOS阳性神经元 ,占大部分 ,相对密集、成群分布于室旁核四个大细胞亚核即 :前连合核、内侧室旁核、外侧室旁核、室旁核后亚核 ;小型 NOS阳性神经元 ,占小部分 ,散在分布于大细胞亚核内或小细胞部 ,如室旁核前小细胞部、背外侧帽。结果提示 ,室旁核各亚核内 NOS阳性神经元的形态与分布存在着差别 ,意味着具有多种相应的生理功能     

大鼠缰核的细胞分区及其至边缘中脑区的投射

用Nissl和Weil染色法以及HRP和荧光素逆行追踪技术,研究了大鼠缰核的细胞分区及其至边缘中脑区的投射。结果表明:大鼠的外侧缰核可分内侧区、外侧区和中间区,其中包括四个亚核,即内侧亚核、外侧亚核、背侧亚核和腹侧亚核。将追踪物分别输入脚间核、中央上核、中缝背核、脑桥嘴侧网状核或被盖腹侧区,观察到内侧缰核至脚间核的投射存在局部定位关系。中央上核主要接受背侧亚核和腹侧亚核的传出投射;中缝背核主要接受内侧亚核的传出投射;脑桥嘴侧网状核主要接受外侧亚核的传出投射。中央上核、中缝背核、脑桥嘴侧网状核和被盖腹侧区也接受内侧缰核腹外侧区细胞的传出投射。研究结果提示缰核至边缘中脑区不同核群的投射存在分区联系。     

Subnuclear organization of parabrachial efferents to the thalamus,amygdala and lateral hypothalamus in C57BL/6J mice: a quantitative retrograde double labeling study

The present study investigated the subnuclear organization of collateralized efferent projection patterns from the mouse parabrachial nucleus (PbN), the second taste relay in rodents, to higher gustatory centers, including the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPMpc), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). We made injections of the retrograde tracer red and green latex microspheres into the VMPpc and CeA (VPMpc–CeA group), VMPpc and LH (VPMpc–LH group) or CeA and LH (CeA–LH group, n=6 for each group). Injections into these areas preferentially resulted in retrograde labeling in the ipsilateral PbN in all groups. Cells projecting to the VPMpc, CeA, and LH were generally found in all subnuclei, but were differentially distributed. VPMpc-projecting cells predominated in gustatory-related subnuclei, CeA-projecting neurons predominated in the external lateral (el) subnucleus, and concentrated labeling was observed in the dorsal lateral subnucleus (dl) following LH injection. Double-labeled neurons were found for all groups, almost entirely ipsilaterally and primarily in the medial (m), waist area (wa), ventral lateral (vl) and el subnuclei. These results suggest that PbN neurons in different subdivisions have different projection and collateralization patterns to the VPMpc, CeA and LH. Functional implications of these projections are discussed with an emphasis on their roles in taste.