MRI对侵袭性垂体瘤的诊断价值及其临床意义

<正>垂体瘤是常见的脑部肿瘤之一,是一组从垂体前叶和后叶及颅咽管上皮残余细胞发生的肿瘤。侵袭性垂体瘤是介于良、恶之间的一种交界性肿瘤,其瘤体呈腺瘤结节样生长,且常侵犯周围结构。术前对垂体腺瘤质地、侵袭性的准确判断,可作为临床诊断和治疗方案的重要参考。目前,在对垂体腺瘤的诊断中,MRI以其较高的准确性、灵敏性而被广泛应用[1]。现回顾性分析我院2009年1月～2012年4月收治的经病理确诊的35例侵袭性垂体瘤患者的临床资料,以探讨MRI对其的诊断价值。     

侵袭性垂体腺瘤的MRI诊断价值

目的 研究侵袭性垂体腺瘤的MRI影像特征。方法 回顾分析32例经手术及病理证实的侵袭性垂体腺瘤的MRI表现。结果 侵袭性垂体腺瘤的MRI影像学表现:①肿瘤超过颈内动脉(ICA)外侧壁切线;②海绵窦外侧静脉丛间隙消失;③3个或3个以上海绵窦静脉丛间隙消失;④窦内颈内动脉(ICA)被包绕50%以上,甚至被完全包裹。结论 MRI以无创伤、无骨伪影、软组织分辨率高、解剖背景清楚及三维成像等优点,是术前诊断侵袭性垂体腺瘤最主要和最重要的检查手段。     

常规MRI联合DWI在腮腺常见肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨常规MRI联合DWI对腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的62例腮腺肿瘤的MRI图像,根据其DWI图行ADC图重建,测量肿瘤的ADC值。按发病率将62例病例分成3组:多形性腺瘤、腺淋巴瘤、恶性肿瘤。多形性腺瘤31例,全部单发;腺淋巴瘤19例,9例单发,10例多发,共30个病灶;恶性肿瘤12例,3例淋巴瘤多发,其余均为单发,共18个病灶。比较分析3种肿瘤的ADC值。结果:多形性腺瘤和腺淋巴瘤多发生于腮腺浅叶(43个,70.5%),肿瘤边界多清楚,体积一般较恶性肿瘤小;恶性肿瘤位于深叶者8个(44.4%),边界清楚或不清楚,多伴有颈部淋巴结肿大(10例,83.3%)。多形性腺瘤及恶性肿瘤平均ADC值均高于腺淋巴瘤(P=0.000、0.002),且多形性腺瘤平均ADC值高于恶性肿瘤(P=0.001)。结论:腮腺肿瘤的常规MRI征象具有一定特点,联合DWI能为腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断提供更多依据。     

侵袭性垂体腺瘤的MRI诊断价值

Objective To study the value of MRI imaging in the diagnosis of invasive pituitary adenoma．Methods Review and analysis the MRI sign in the 32 patients of invasive pituitary adenoma comfirmcd by operation and pathology．Results The following signs have been found to represent accurate criteria for invasive pituitary adenoma：①Adenoma exceeded the lateral intercarotid(ICA)line;②Cavernous situs lateral venous compartments disappeared;③Occlusion of three or more cavernous sinus venous compartments disappeared;④Percentage of encasement of the intracavemous ICA higher than 50％ was crossed．Conclusions No trauma,no bone shadow,higher soft tissue resolution,clear anatomy background and 3D imaging act as MRI’s virtue,which have became the capital examination means of preoperative diagnosis of infestation vascular tumor．     

DWI结合常规MRI在侵袭性纤维瘤病诊断中的应用

目的：探讨DWI结合常规MRI对侵袭性纤维瘤病的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的11例侵袭性纤维瘤病（共12个病灶）的MRI表现,其中6个病灶行DWI扫描。结果：12个病灶均以等T1、稍长T2信号为主,夹杂较丰富的低信号,均呈肌肉及其筋膜间隙塑型样表现,9个病灶向相邻肌肉内蔓延形成肌束样、羽毛状强化影。行DWI扫描的6个病灶呈高信号,ADC图上信号呈等或稍高于肌肉信号。结论：侵袭性纤维瘤病的MRI表现具有一定特征。DWI结合常规MRI不仅能够提高本病的定性诊断能力,而且能够更全面细致地勾勒病灶范围及边界。     

侵袭性垂体瘤的MRI和病理研究

目的 分析侵袭性垂体瘤的MR影像学特点。材料与方法 1997年10月－2000年5月经手术病理证实的27例侵袭性垂体瘤,在1．5T MR机上采用常规矢状位、冠状位增强前后T1WI检查,并与手术病理资料对照分析。结果 27例腺瘤包括泌乳素瘤11例,促生长激素腺瘤5例,促生长激素和泌乳素混合腺瘤1例,促甲状腺激素腺瘤1例,促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤1例,无功能性腺瘤8例。MR影像学特点为鞍底受侵下陷,部分肿瘤突入蝶窦;颈内动脉包绕;海绵窦受累,鞍隔突破等。结论 垂体腺瘤属良性肿瘤,但部分腺瘤的生物学行为却表现出非良性肿瘤的特征,如何邻近组织结构浸润生长,导致手术全切机率下降,是术后复发的主要原因。因此,术前正确评估肿瘤的生长特点和周围结构的关系,对手术方式和术后治疗措施的选择有直接指导作用。     

表观扩散系数ADC值与直肠癌侵袭性的相关性分析

目的:探讨3.0T磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)的参数表观扩散系数(ADC)与直肠癌侵袭性之间的相关性.方法:对60例经病理证实的直肠癌患者行常规盆腔MRI及DWI扫描,测量整个肿瘤的ADC值.根据MRI图像及术后病理结果,得到肿瘤的病理类型、分化程度、T1-2(肿瘤局限于肠壁)与T3-4(肿瘤生长突破肠壁);N0(无淋巴结转移)与N1-2(有淋巴结转移);CRM阴性(无直肠系膜筋膜浸润)与CRM阳性(有直肠系膜筋膜浸润)、肿瘤的大体分型、部位、年龄及性别,进行相关性比较.结果:直肠癌的ADC值在分化程度(P-0.000)、T1-2与T3-4(P=0.015)、N0与N1-2(P=0.001)、直肠系膜筋膜受累与未受累(P=0.014)之间的差异均有统计学意义.与肿瘤的大体分型(P=0.971)、部位(P=0.960)、性别(P=0.592)、年龄(r=0.038,P=0.772)之间的差异无统计学意义.结论:直肠癌的ADC值可以作为评价其侵袭性及预后的一个定量指标.     

常规MRI图像纹理分析鉴别脊索瘤与侵袭性垂体瘤的价值

目的探索常规MRI图像纹理分析对颅底脊索瘤与侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)的鉴别价值。方法分析19例颅底脊索瘤与21例IPA影像资料。采用Mazda软件对T2FLAIR图像行纹理分析:分析纹理参数特征(灰度共生矩阵、绝对梯度、游程检验),提取特征性参数(Fisher系数、交互信息、分类错误概率组合平均相关系数以及3种方法联合),分类判别(线性判别分析、非线性判别分析、原始数据分析、主要成分分析),获取鉴别脊索瘤与IPA的错判率,并与神经影像医师鉴别错判率对比分析。结果应用3种方法联合提取特征性纹理参数并非线性判别鉴别颅底脊索瘤与IPA时,错判率为0%(0/40),与神经影像医师鉴别诊断错判率〔25.0%(10/40)〕,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论常规MRI图像纹理分析可用于鉴别颅底脊索瘤与IPA。     

MRI常规序列结合DWI在直肠癌术前分期中的价值

目的:探讨1.5T MR常规序列结合DWI在直肠癌诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析23例直肠癌患者,对其MRI表现、手术、病理资料进行对比研究,分析MRI常规序列结合DWI在直肠癌诊断,T、N分期,术前放化疗效果评估等方面的应用价值。结果:MRI常规序列结合DWI是直肠癌诊断,T、N分期,术前放化疗效果评估的有效方法。结论:MRI常规序列是直肠癌诊断,T、N分期的主要方法;DWI具有疗效评估、辅助诊断的重要作用,是常规序列的必要补充。     

MRI动态增强扫描联合DWI鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的应用价值

目的:探讨MRI动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)联合DWI鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的应用价值。方法:收集行乳腺MRI常规序列和DWI扫描并经手术病理证实的55例患者资料。采用Siemens Magnetom Verio 3.0 T超导MRI扫描仪、乳腺线圈等设备。行轴位快速自旋回波T_1WI、T_2WI,反转恢复脂肪抑制技术,FLASH-3D动态增强扫描,DWI成像。结果:DCE-MRI示乳腺恶性肿瘤TIC多为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型曲线,良性肿瘤多为Ⅰ、Ⅱ型曲线,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),DCE-MRI诊断敏感度91.9%、特异度61.1%、准确性81.8%;ADC值诊断良恶性病变敏感度81.1%、特异度77.8%、准确性80.0%。DCE-MRI联合ADC值综合诊断良恶性病变敏感度94.6%、特异度61.1%、准确性83.6%。结论:DCE-MRI联合DWI能显著提高乳腺良恶性肿瘤诊断准确性。     

Apparent diffusion coefficient of diffusion weighted MRI in endometrial carcinoma-Relationship with local invasiveness

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and the local invasiveness of endometrial carcinoma.

Methods and materials

The MR imaging of seventy-three patients with endometrial carcinoma proved by post-operative pathology and sixty-four patients with healthy uteri were retrospectively reviewed. All MR examinations included axial T2WI and T1WI, sagittal T2WI and diffusion-weighted sequences (b = 0 and b = 1000 s/mm²). Tumor size, mean ADC value (ADCm) and quartile ADC (ADCq) were acquired on post-processing workstation using voxel-analysis software. Differences between the ADC values among three layers of normal uterine body and endometrial carcinomas were compared by ANOVA test. Groups were divided according to pathologic type, histologic grade, depth of myometrial infiltration, presence of cervical invasion and lymphovascular space invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Tumor size and ADC values were compared and analyzed.

Results

ADC values were different in three zones of uterine body (P < 0.001), with the lowest in junctional zone [(1.126 ± 0.190) × 10⁻³ mm²/s] and highest in outer myometrium [(1.496 ± 0.196) × 10⁻³ mm²/s]. Mean ADC value of endometrial carcinomas [(1.011 ± 0.121) × 10⁻³ mm²/s] was lower than the normal uterine body. Quartile ADC and tumor size were greater in groups with more invasive pathologic factors (P < 0.05). Deep myometrial infiltration, cervical invasion, lymphovascular space invasion and lymph node metastasis were more common as quartile ADC values and tumor sizes increased.

Conclusion

Mean ADC value was lower in endometrial carcinoma was lower than the normal uterus. Quartile ADC, representing the intra-tumor heterogeneity of water movement, had a profound relationship with invasiveness of endometrial carcinomas, while mean ADC value did not. ADC values may serve as a quantitative indicator to complement routine sequences.     

垂体转移瘤的临床与MRI表现（附16例报告）

目的：探讨垂体转移瘤的临床与MRI表现特点。方法：回顾性分析并评价16例垂体转移瘤的临床表现、MRI特点、治疗方法。结果：原发肿瘤包括乳癌7例,肺癌9例。转移灶位于垂体柄和（或）垂体后叶,呈浸润性生长,T1WI呈等、略低或等低不均匀信号,T2WI呈等、略高或等高混杂信号。其中,无明显临床表现3例,有尿崩症9例、垂体前叶功能减退4例、头痛4例、视力下降3例。9例误诊为垂体腺瘤,接受手术治疗;7例考虑垂体转移瘤,采用放射治疗为主的保守治疗,接受手术治疗与保守治疗者的疗效无明显差别（t=0.883,P〉0.05）。结论：垂体转移瘤的临床、MRI表现有一定特点,治疗方案选择需慎重。     

MRI of pituitary adenoma with extensive amyloid formation

We report a patient with a pituitary adenoma with extensive amyloid formation. T2-weighted MRI was most characteristic for amyloid deposition. Received: 30 July 1998 Accepted: 20 October 1998     

垂体脓肿的MRI诊断及其临床意义

目的总结垂体脓肿的MRI特征。方法回顾性总结经手术、病理和临床证实的14例垂体脓肿患者的MR平扫和增强表现，分析其影像特征。结果12例患者MR平扫示鞍区囊性改变，T1WI呈不均匀低信号，2例T1WI呈等及稍高信号。14例患者T2WI均呈高信号改变。增强后T1WI均表现为不均匀的边缘环形强化及与病灶相连的周围脑膜强化，正常垂体未能显示。MRI特征性表现为液．液平面、壁结节、强化的絮状阴影。结论垂体脓肿的MRI有其特征性，结合临床术前可以作出诊断，从而指导临床治疗方法的选择。     

Metastases from a pituitary adenoma: MRI

Few cases of pituitary adenoma with metastases have been reported. We report a case with histologically benign intracranial and cauda equina metastases. We compare it to the others in the literature. Received: 30 March 1998 Accepted: 22 January 1999     

MRI of a pituitary cryptococcoma simulating an adenoma

We describe a rare pituitary cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent patient, with radiological features similar to those of a pituitary macroadenoma. Although unusual, it should be added to the list of differential diagnosis of pituitary masses. Contrast enhancement of adjacent meninges differentiated the lesion from an adenoma.     

垂体微腺瘤MRI诊断(附25例分析)

目的：探讨和总结25例垂体微腺瘤的磁共振成像（MRI）表现。方法：对25例经MRI平扫：冠状位于SE序列T2加权成像（T2WI）、FFE序列T1加权成像（T1WI）,及行Gd-DTPA增强扫描：冠状位下FFE序列T1WI、矢状位下FFE序列T1WI检查,经手术切除得到病理证实的病例进行分析,其中7例行动态增强和延迟扫描。结果：25例垂体微腺瘤均位于垂体前叶,单发19例,其中14例位于垂体右侧部,多发6例。MRI平扫24例（T1WI）为低或稍低信号、1例为高或稍高信号;23例（T2WI）为高或稍高信号,但2例为等或稍低信号,增强后即刻扫描25例均为低或稍低信号,7例动态增强扫描延迟25－30min后1例有明显强化。结论：垂体微腺瘤MRI表现有一定特征性,MRI对诊断垂体微腺瘤有较大价值。