131Ⅰ治疗老年与非老年分化型甲状腺癌肺转移

目的探讨老年分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)肺转移的131Ⅰ治疗效果及主要影响因素与非老年人的差异。方法回顾性分析2005年1月—2011年12月期间在南通大学附属肿瘤医院核医学科进行131Ⅰ治疗的38例DTC肺转移患者,将其分为老年组17例和非老年组21例,采用胸部CT、131Ⅰ显像及Tg变化综合判断131I治疗效果差异,并对可能影响131Ⅰ治疗DTC肺转移效果的主要因素进行分析。结果老年组与非老年组比较:131Ⅰ治疗有效率老年组为9例(52.9%),非老年组为18例(85.7%,P=0.0364,P<0.05),2组差异有统计学意义。主要影响因素分析:合并其他脏器远处转移(P=0.0126)及肺病灶类型(P=0.0211),均P<0.05,2组差异有统计学意义;而性别(P=0.8634)、肿瘤病理分类(P=0.6475)及颈部淋巴结转移(P=0.9177),均P>0.05,2组差异无统计学意义。结论老年DTC肺转移的131Ⅰ治疗效果不及非老年,其主要影响因素与非老年略有差异,但其仍不失为一种有效、安全的治疗方法。     

131 I治疗分化型甲状腺癌伴肺转移的疗效及影响因素分析

目的 分析131 I治疗分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)伴肺转移的疗效、影响因素以及不良反应.方法 回顾性分析49例接受131 I治疗的DTC伴肺转移患者.影响因素包括年龄、性别、累积剂量、病理学类型、显像时机、摄131 I形态、治疗前Tg水平、颈部淋巴结转移等.统计学方法包括t检验、χ2检验及Logistic回归分析.同时,观察131 I治疗和随访期间的不良反应.结果 131 I治疗DTC伴肺转移的有效率为63.3%(31/49),无效率为36.7%(18/49).单因素分析显示:年龄(t=4.194,P<0.001),治疗前Tg水平(t=3.632,P<0.05),胸片和(或)CT显示(χ2=7.385,P<0.05),伴其他远处转移(χ2=8.586,P<0.05)及显像时机(χ2=8.077,P<0.05)5个因素与131 I疗效有关;Logistic回归分析显示:年龄、伴其他远处转移及治疗前Tg水平是131 I治疗DTC伴肺转移疗效的独立影响因素.131 I治疗对患者造血功能、肝功能等无明显影响,仅有少部分患者会出现唾液腺功能受损.结论 131 I是治疗DTC伴肺转移的有效手段,不良反应少,其中年龄小、治疗前Tg水平低以及仅肺转移的患者131 I疗效好.     

131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌肺转移疗效及影响因素的研究

目的 通过对131I治疗DTC肺转移的回顾性研究,评价131I治疗DTC肺转移的疗效;结合疗效,对可能影响131I治疗DTC肺转移疗效的多种因素进行分析.方法 回顾性研究2004年9月至2007年3月期间在华西医院核医学科进行131I治疗的48例DTC肺转移患者,评价131I治疗DTC肺转移的疗效,对可能影响131I治疗DTC肺转移疗效的多种因素进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 按照131I治疗DTC肺转移的疗效评价标准,48例DTC肺转移患者治愈率10.5％、有效率62.5％、无效率37.5％.(1)单因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄、胸部X线或CT、除肺之外的远处转移、确诊肺转移时的血Tg水平和肺摄取131I率等是影响131I治疗DTC肺转移疗效的因素;性别、肿瘤病理学类型、颈部淋巴结转移、残留甲状腺组织等时131I治疗DTC肺转移疗效无明显影响.(2)多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示:远处转移、确诊肺转移时的血Tg水平和肺摄取131I率等是影响131I治疗DTC肺转移疗效的主要因素.结论 131I治疗DTC肺转移有较好的疗效.DTC肺转移患者中,无肺之外的远处转移、确诊时的血Tg水平低和肺摄取131I率高的患者1231I治疗效果好.总之,131I治疗DTC肺转移是一种安全有效的治疗方法,通过对131I治疗DTC肺转移疗效和影响因素的研究总结,对今后提高131I治疗效果有较好的指导意义.     

分化型甲状腺癌肺转移危险因素及其对131I治疗的疗效分析

目的探索分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）发生肺转移的危险因素及其对131I的疗效。方法纳入我院2013年1月至2019年6月收治入院的1854例确诊为DTC的患者其中肺转移45例,根据患者年龄、性别、病理类型、甲状腺炎、被膜侵犯、有无甲状腺外组织侵犯筛选出DTC肺转移的危险因素。并根据131I治疗效果,将45例肺转移分为有效和无效两组,比较两组年龄、性别、病理类型、手术方式、显影时机方面存在的差别,分析影响131I治疗DTC肺转移疗效的因素。结果 131I治疗DTC伴肺转移有效率为55.56%（25/45）。单因素分析显示DTC病理类型滤泡癌、甲状腺外组织侵犯发生肺转移的风险显著增加（χ2=41.388,11.9112,P均<0.05）;年龄、性别、甲状腺炎对DTC发生肺转移无影响（χ2=2.65,0.074,0.8290.118,P均>0.05）;多因素logistic回归分析得病理类型、甲状腺外组织侵犯是DTC肺转移的独立影响因素（P=0.0000.001,OR=8.409,2.792）;进一步对DTC肺转移的患者131I的疗效分析显示,年龄≥55岁患者,131I无效的比例显著高于年龄<55岁组（χ2=6.252,P=0.012）;而显影时机分析显示,首次治疗发现肺转移的患者有效比例为92%,显著高于随访发现肺转移患者比例8%,（χ2=6.354,P=0.012）。多因素logistic回归分析得年龄、显影时机是131I疗效的独立影响因素。结论滤泡状癌、甲状腺外组织侵犯会增加DTC肺转移的风险且高龄、随访时发现肺转移的患者131I治疗疗效不佳。     

老年与中青年甲亢患者临床特点及~(131)I治疗效果对比研究

目的比较老年与中青年甲亢患者临床特点及131I治疗效果。方法本研究于2009年5月～2012年5月对不同年龄(≥60岁 VS 60岁)甲亢患者的临床特点进行对比分析,并探讨131I治疗的临床效果。结果老年组与中青年组的甲状腺估重、甲状腺24h摄取131I率比较有明显差异,且差异具有统计学意义(X2=25.44、12.64,P0.05)。经过积极治疗后,老年组的治疗有效率与中青年组比较无明显差异(X2=0.17,P0.05)。34例老年组患者中发生甲减5例,发生率为14.71%,90例中青年组患者中发生甲减4例,发生率为4.44%;经统计学比较发现老年组患者的甲减发生率明显高于中青年组,且差异具有统计学意义(X2=3.86,P0.05)。结论 131I治疗老年与中青年甲亢患者的临床疗效无差异,可作为老年甲亢患者的首选治疗方法。     

老年胃癌的临床特点

目的 探讨老年胃癌患者的临床表现、治疗及预后特点.方法 将北京协和医院肿瘤内科收治的252例胃癌患者分为老年组(≥65岁)与非老年组,对比分析两组患者的临床资料.结果 老年胃癌患者占36.0%.老年组男:女=3.74∶ 1,男性患者比例明显高于非老年组(P=0.020).腹胀腹痛为最常见临床表现,但老年组发生率明显低于非老年组(43.3% 比61.7%,P=0.005);老年组消瘦发生率明显高于非老年组(15.6%比6.2%)(P=0.015).老年胃癌患者合并第二肿瘤的概率明显高于非老年组(12.2% 比2.5%)(P=0.002).老年组贲门胃底癌最常见,占36.7%,非老年组胃窦癌最常见,占34.6%.老年组2.2%的患者胃癌为多起源,而非老年组均为单中心起源.总体77.8%的患者接受了手术治疗,其中根治性切除率为70.9%,老年组与非老年组的比例相近.98%的患者接受了化疗,老年组接受三线及三线以上化疗的患者比例仅为非老年组的1/3(3.3% 比 9.3% ),但差异无统计学意义.在方案选择方面,老年组更多的患者选择了FOLFOX/XELOX的两药联合方案(73.3%).中位生存时间老年组26.5个月,非老年组28.0个月,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.835).按分期分层比较,Ⅳ期老年组中位生存时间(22.7个月)有较非老年组(16.1个月)延长的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.057).结论 老年胃癌患者中男性比例更高,易以消瘦起病,贲门胃底癌最常见,多中心起源及合并第二肿瘤的比例较非老年组升高;治疗方面,老年胃癌患者可以耐受规范的手术及化疗,手术比例与非老年组相近,更多患者选择了两药而非三药的联合化疗方案;老年胃癌整体预后与非老年患者相似.     

351例老年原发性肺癌临床特征分析

目的:探讨老年原发性肺癌的临床特点及病理特征。方法:收集2008—2013年经病理证实为肺癌的老年组病例351例以及非老年组病例174例,分析两组间肿瘤大小与部位、病理类型、分期、临床特征以及治疗方法。结果:(1)两组间肿瘤大小以大于等于3 cm多见,部位以左上及左下为主,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)老年组病理类型以鳞癌多见(亚组分析男性以鳞癌多见,女性则以腺癌多见),而非老年组以腺癌较多见。(3)在分期上,两组均以晚期(IIIb~IV期)多见,而老年组肺内及脑转移少于非老年组,老年组Ⅰ期发现率高于非老年组,两组间相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)两组常见临床表现以咳嗽为主要症状,但老年组中较多病人表现为胸闷气急,非老年组则较常见胸痛,两组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(5)老年组多采用以化疗为主的综合治疗,与非老年组比较差异性有显著性(P0.05)。结论:老年原发性肺癌以鳞癌多见,临床表现以咳嗽最常见,多有胸闷气急,常并发COPD及肺部感染,尽管与非老年相比,老年组Ⅰ期发现率高,肺内及脑转移较少,但因并发症多,耐受性差,治疗仍以化疗为主。     

分化型甲状腺癌不同部位转移灶~(131)I-SPECT/CT影像学数据分析

目的分析分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)不同部位转移灶行131I治疗后48 h的131I-SPECT/CT显像数据,为131I治疗DTC剂量的制定提供依据。方法对20例共53处DTC转移灶行131I治疗后48 h行SPECT/CT显像,利用软件计算转移灶体积、肿瘤/非肿瘤比值、摄碘率、单位体积活度和病灶密度(CT值)等相关数据,分析不同转移部位的数据特点及其与转移灶治疗效率的相关性。结果①骨转移灶单位体积的131I摄取量低于其他部位转移,为(1.01±1.23)MBq/cm3,且疗效最差;②影响疗效最主要的因素是病灶的体积,软组织、肺和淋巴结病灶的体积越小,则治疗效果越好(r=-0.932,P=0.021;r=-0.897,P=0.000;r=-0.966,P=0.000),而骨转移灶体积与疗效的相关性不显著(r=-0.469,P=0.078);③病灶部位CT扫描未发现局部破坏或结节形成,则治疗效果最好,均可一次清除病灶。结论不同部位DTC转移灶的摄碘能力不同,导致了治疗效果的差异;治疗前应测定各转移病灶的影像学数据,制定个体化制定治疗方案。     

老年血液透析患者血清甲状旁腺激素水平及影响因素分析

目的:分析老年血液透析患者血清甲状旁腺激素水平及影响因素。方法:选取114例血液透析患者,根据患者年龄分为老年组36例和非老年组78例,比较两组患者一般资料、生化指标、甲状旁腺激素水平,分析其影响因素。结果:老年组糖尿病肾病、高血压肾病患病率明显高于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肾小球肾炎、使用维生素D比例明显低于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。老年组P、Hb水平与非老年组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);老年组Ca、CRP水平明显高于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);老年组ALB、Scr、BUN、iPTH水平明显低于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。老年组iPTH与BMI、P、Hb、ALB、Scr、BUN呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与Ca呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与透析龄、CRP无相关性,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:老年血液透析患者主要以糖尿病肾病为主,营养状况较差,甲状旁腺激素较低,iPTH与BMI、P、Hb、ALB、Scr、BUN呈正相关,与Ca呈负相关。     

老年与中青年甲亢患者临床特点及131I治疗效果对比研究

目的比较老年与中青年甲亢患者临床特点及131I治疗效果。方法本研究于2009年5月～2012年5月对不同年龄(≥60岁 VS <60岁)甲亢患者的临床特点进行对比分析,并探讨131I治疗的临床效果。结果老年组与中青年组的甲状腺估重、甲状腺24h摄取131I率比较有明显差异,且差异具有统计学意义(X2=25.44、12.64,P<0.05)。经过积极治疗后,老年组的治疗有效率与中青年组比较无明显差异(X2=0.17,P>0.05)。34例老年组患者中发生甲减5例,发生率为14.71%,90例中青年组患者中发生甲减4例,发生率为4.44%;经统计学比较发现老年组患者的甲减发生率明显高于中青年组,且差异具有统计学意义(X2=3.86,P<0.05)。结论 131I治疗老年与中青年甲亢患者的临床疗效无差异,可作为老年甲亢患者的首选治疗方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.