The tobacco industry and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

Three features are essential in designing the flexible funding payments and pay-for-performance elements.     

"Below the Line": The tobacco industry and youth smoking

Background

This paper provides a comprehensive account of how the tobacco industry, over time, has promoted its products to young people.

Method

A comprehensive search of tobacco industry documents relating to youth smoking was conducted using documents available on the World Wide Web through the Master Settlement Agreement.

Results

The documents provide evidence that the industry invested great time and resources in developing strategies to attract young people through Youth Smoking Prevention strategies (including education strategies) and marketing to youth. The results include information from published literature and direct excerpts from the tobacco industry documents.

Conclusion

The tobacco industry documents confirm that the tobacco industry has promoted and supported strategies that are ineffective in reducing smoking by youth, and opposed strategies that have proven to be effective. It is clear from the documents reviewed that the industry values the youth market and through a number of measures continues to promote its products to young people.     

Protection from environmental tobacco smoke in California. The case for a smoke-free workplace.

OBJECTIVE--To determine the extent of exposure of nonsmoking indoor workers to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) according to type of work-site smoking policy, work area, workplace size, and demographic characteristics. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS--Participants included 7162 adult, nonsmoking, indoor workers who were interviewed as part of the 1990 California Tobacco Survey. Respondents were asked whether anyone had smoked in their work area within the past 2 weeks. RESULTS--An estimated 2.2 million California nonsmokers were exposed to tobacco smoke at indoor work sites in 1990. Nonsmoker exposure to ETS was 9.3% for those working in a smoke-free worksite, 23.2% for those working where there was only a work-area restriction, 46.7% for those working where there was a policy that did not include the work area, and 51.4% for those working where there was no work-site smoking policy. After adjustment for type of work area (eg, office, open area), workplace size, and demographic factors, it was determined that nonsmokers working where there was only a work-area ban were 2.8 times more likely to be exposed to ETS than those working in a smoke-free work site. In workplaces with no policy or a policy not covering the work area, nonsmokers were over eight times more likely to be exposed to ETS than those who worked in a smoke-free work site. Nonsmokers who were 18 to 24 years of age, male, or Hispanic, and those with less than a high school education had more exposure to ETS. CONCLUSION--These results indicate that adequate protection of nonsmokers from ETS exposure requires a smoke-free work site.     

韵律活动在体育课中的运用

近几年来，韵律活动进入体育课堂教学，越来越受到体育教师的重视。的确，韵律活动对陶冶学生情操，消除学生紧张的身心状态。提高学生的学习兴趣，发展身体的协调性、节奏感、表现力等起着积极的作用。笔者以教学大纲为依据，结合学生的年龄、心理特点从实际出发，在体育教学中合理采用韵律化教学手段，使课堂教学生动活泼，从而较好地完成体育课任务，提高课堂教学质量。