I期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的:探讨经前路病灶清除植骨一期前路(后路)内固定术治疗脊柱结核的临床疗效。方法:对87例脊柱结核患者,经3～4周正规抗结核治疗,行前路病灶清除、椎间大块自体髂骨(肋骨)植骨、一期前路(后路)内固定术,术后继续抗结核治疗1～1.5年。结果:3例脊柱结核复发(3%)。另有植骨不融合5例,植骨融合率为94%,植骨愈合时间3～8个月(平均5个月)。还有3例术后窦道形成,经切开清创探查,加强换药后痊愈。脊柱后凸畸形平均矫正70%。14例截瘫患者肢体神经功能术后Frankel分级平均恢复1.1级。结论:经前路病灶清除植骨一期前路(后路)内固定术治疗脊柱结核能彻底清除结核病灶,对脊髓及神经根进行彻底减压,促进脊髓及神经功能恢复,矫正脊柱后凸畸形,同时一期建立和恢复脊柱的连续性和稳定性,促进脊柱植骨融合,提高脊柱结核的治愈率。     

Ⅰ期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的:探讨经前路病灶清除植骨一期前路(后路)内固定术治疗脊柱结核的临床疗效。方法:对87例脊柱结核患者,经3～4周正规抗结核治疗,行前路病灶清除、椎间大块自体髂骨(肋骨)植骨、一期前路(后路)内固定术,术后继续抗结核治疗1～1.5年。结果:3例脊柱结核复发(3%)。另有植骨不融合5例,植骨融合率为94%,植骨愈合时间3～8个月(平均5个月)。还有3例术后窦道形成,经切开清创探查,加强换药后痊愈。脊柱后凸畸形平均矫正70%。14例截瘫患者肢体神经功能术后Frankel分级平均恢复1.1级。结论:经前路病灶清除植骨一期前路(后路)内固定术治疗脊柱结核能彻底清除结核病灶,对脊髓及神经根进行彻底减压,促进脊髓及神经功能恢复,矫正脊柱后凸畸形,同时一期建立和恢复脊柱的连续性和稳定性,促进脊柱植骨融合,提高脊柱结核的治愈率。     

前路和后路病灶清除椎间植骨融合内固定术在胸腰椎结核治疗中的疗效对比

目的探讨前路和后路病灶清除椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗胸腰椎结合的临床效果。方法选择胸腰椎结核患者86例,前路病灶清除组44例行椎体间植骨融合内固定术并前路病灶清除术,后路病灶清除组42例行椎体间植骨融合内固定术并后路病灶清除术,比较两组的后凸畸形角度、术中出血量、手术时间和住院时间、血沉、术后并发症、ODI功能障碍指数评分。结果 86例患者均随访12个月以上,前路病灶清除组术后矫正率为54.48%,后路病灶清除组为47.62%,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者术前术后ESR、住院时间、术后并发症率差异无显著性(P>0.05),前路病灶清除组术中出血量、手术时间少于后路病灶清除组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者术前、术后1个月ODI评分差异均无显著性(P>0.05),术后12个月前路病灶清除组ODI评分高于后路病灶清除组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论相较于前路病灶清除术,后路病灶清除在畸形矫正效果方面更具优势,但病灶清除不彻底,复发风险较大,手术时间延长,出血量较多。     

慢性腰痛患者功能障碍与生存质量的研究

目的:探讨慢性腰痛(CLBP)患者功能障碍与生存质量(QOL)的关系。方法:选取CLBP患者60例(男22例,女38例),分别采用目测类比定级法(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、日本骨科学会(JOA)腰痛评估表及健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)评定患者的疼痛程度、功能状况及QOL。结果:男性CLBP患者总体健康(GH)和心理健康(MH)评分明显高于女性(P0.05)。SF-36及其中躯体功能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、患者自控镇静(PCS)项的评分与VAS和ODI评分呈负相关(P0.05),与JOA评分呈正相关(P0.05)。GH、活力(VT)、社会功能(SF)及精神健康总评(MCS)项的评分与ODI评分呈负相关(P0.05),与JOA评分呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:腰痛及功能障碍在一定程度上影响CLBP患者的QOL,应加以干预,使其能够正确对待疾病,提高QOL。     

植骨固定术与选择性减压术治疗腰椎退行性滑脱症效果比较

目的比较腰椎退行性滑脱症患者应用植骨固定术、选择性减压术治疗的效果。方法腰椎退行性滑脱症患者96例,随机分为植骨固定术组51例和选择性减压术组45例,分别行植骨固定术、选择性减压术。记录2组手术时间、术中出血量和住院时间;术后6个月行X线片检查,计算腰椎坚固融合率;术前及术后6个月应用Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(Oswstry disability index,ODI)评估腰椎功能,应用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估疼痛程度,应用日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA)评分评估脊髓神经功能,并进行比较。结果选择性减压术组手术时间[(121.24±32.47)min]较植骨固定术组[(182.35±35.61)min]短,术中出血量[(313.58±24.73)mL]较植骨固定术组[(451.27±46.16)mL]少(P0.05),住院时间[(7.58±3.54)d]与植骨固定术组[(8.34±3.41)d]比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后6个月,选择性减压术组腰椎坚固融合率(86.67%)高于植骨固定术组(68.63%)(P0.05);选择性减压术组和植骨固定术组术后6个月ODI评分[(18.62±1.34)、(26.93±2.79)分]、VAS评分[(2.29±0.31)、(3.11±0.26)分]均低于术前[(46.12±3.87)、(45.75±3.64)分;(7.06±0.82)、(7.02±0.79)分],JOA评分[(23.12±2.37)、(17.54±2.11)分]均高于术前[(9.65±0.85)、9.78±0.96)分](P0.05);选择性减压术组术后6个月ODI评分、VAS评分低于植骨固定术组,JOA评分高于植骨固定术组(P0.05)。结论与植骨固定术比较,腰椎退行性滑脱症患者应用选择性减压术治疗坚固融合率高,可明显减轻术后疼痛、腰椎功能障碍,改善脊髓神经功能。     

一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定术治疗胸、腰椎结核86例的护理

目的：探讨病灶清除植骨融合内固定术治疗胸、腰椎结核的临床效果。方法：对86例胸、腰椎结核患者均采用一期前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术。术前心理护理、抗结核治疗;术后病情观察与护理、预防并发症。结果：随访6-30个月,65例脊神经压迫症状者术后有明显改善或消失;59例脊柱后凸较术前明显改善。结论：病灶清除植骨内固定术是治疗胸、腰椎结核较理想的方法,早期重建脊椎稳定性,矫正脊柱畸形,对术后功能恢复起重要作用。     

病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核

[目的]探讨病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核的手术策略及疗效分析.[方法]回顾性分析2006年7月至2010年3月期间接受一期病灶清除植骨融合联合内固定手术治疗并获得随访的58例脊柱结核患者的临床资料,其中对10例胸椎,11例胸腰段椎及5例腰椎结核患者行前路病灶清除、植骨融合内固定术,对9例胸腰段椎、9例腰椎、14例腰骶椎结核患者行一期后路椎弓根钉内固定后外侧植骨融合联合前路病灶清除、椎间植骨融合术.术后配合规范地抗痨治疗,观察术后及随访期间患者结核治愈情况及植骨融合情况.[结果]所有手术患者结核中毒症状明显缓解,98.3%(57/58)患者植骨融合满意(Bridwell标准骨性愈合),治愈率为98.3%(57/58).[结论]病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核安全有效;术前术后的正规抗结核药物治疗营养支持治疗是脊椎结核手术治疗成功的保障;手术方式和病灶清除的范围应根据病情综合判断后选择.     

脊柱结核行一期前路病灶清除植骨及内固定65例围术期护理体会

目的:探讨脊柱结核一期前路病灶清除植骨及内固定术围术期的护理方法。方法:对65例行一期前路病灶清除植骨及内固定术的脊柱结核患者进行护理,术后给予预防压疮、预防尿路及肺部感染、预防便秘和股四头肌锻炼等康复护理。结果:65例患者均有不同程度的恢复,未出现并发症。结论:对行一期前路病灶清除植骨及内固定术的脊柱结核患者,给予预防并发症及康复锻炼的护理,可减少并发症的发生,促进患者康复。     

经前路病灶清除加自体髂骨植骨内固定治疗脊柱胸腰椎结核疗效观察

目的探讨经前路病灶清除加自体髂骨植骨内固定治疗脊柱胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法将84例脊柱结核患者随机分为观察组（44例）和对照组（40例）,观察组采用病灶清除植骨内固定术治疗,对照组采用单纯病灶清除术治疗,比较两组的临床治疗效果。结果84例患者均得到随访,最短1年2个月,最长6年,平均43．5月。84例均达到临床愈合,随访期内未见复发病例,脊柱后凸畸形改善,无明显并发症发生;对照组7例局部复发需要再次手术治疗。观察组疗效显著优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论经前路病灶清除自体髂骨植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核疗效确切。     

后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术在脊柱结核患者中的应用效果

目的探讨后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术在脊柱结核患者中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年1月来保定市第三中心医院就诊的脊柱结核患者共84例,所有患者均接受后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术。记录治疗前、后患者神经功能ASIA分级、功能障碍指数(ODI)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、后凸角、红细胞沉降率(ESR);同时记录患者在手术时的手术时间和术中出血量,对数据进行对比分析。结果手术后后凸角、ODI与术前相比明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);手术后患者VAS评分为和ESR明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);患者平均手术时间为(198.9±44.3)min,平均出血量(551.2±123.6)mL。术后随访发现无复发及感染发生,且无并发症发生。结论后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术用以治疗脊柱结核患者具有良好的效果,且安全性较高。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.