溃疡性结肠炎与感染性结肠炎临床和病理比较分析

目的　比较溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)与感染性结肠炎 (IC)临床表现、内镜及组织学特点等方面的不同。方法　复习 1996～ 2 0 0 1年我院住院的 12 7例UC和 14 3例IC患者的临床资料 ,比较两组患者的临床表现及常规实验室检查指标 ;盲法比较其中 46例UC和 42例IC患者内镜及组织学表现。结果　两组患者的病程、起病方式、有无血便、诱因、腹痛、恶心呕吐、发热等比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。血白细胞计数及血色素比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。内镜表现中提示UC的指标为弥漫性分布、粗糙颗粒变、自发性出血、袋囊变浅、肠管短缩及息肉。提示IC的指标为病变呈灶性分布。组织学表现中弥漫性混合性或慢性固有层炎症、隐窝扭曲与分叉、隐窝萎缩、绒毛状表面、基底浆细胞增多有助于UC的诊断。结论　结肠镜及粘膜活检有助于UC和IC的诊断     

溃疡性结肠炎的临床及内镜特点分析120例

目的:探讨溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的临床特点、结肠镜表现、血小板(PLT)、血沉(ESR)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平.方法:收集2003-01/2006-12我院诊治的UC患者120例,对其临床资料、内镜特点及实验室检查结果进行回顾性分析.结果:120例患者中,发病年龄以31-40岁为主,临床表现以黏液脓血便(72.3%)和腹痛(60.8%)为主;结肠镜镜下表现以黏膜充血水肿(91.7%)、血管网模糊(84.2%)、浅表溃疡(68.3%)最为常见,病变多发生于直肠、乙状结肠及左半结肠(51.7%);病理检查以黏膜慢性炎(97.7%),炎性细胞浸润(50.0%)及隐窝脓肿(41.7%)为常见;PLT、ESR及CRP水平较正常对照组明显升高.结论:UC病变大多局限于左半结肠,结肠镜对UC有较大的诊断意义,PLT、ESR及CRP可用来评价UC病情严重性的指标.     

缺血性结肠炎与溃疡性结肠炎的临床鉴别诊断

背景:缺血性结肠炎(IC)与溃疡性结肠炎(UC,左半结肠型)在临床和内镜表现上有一定相似之处,对于临床表现不典型者,初步诊断颇具难度。目的:分析IC与UC的临i床鉴别诊断要点。方法:收集武汉大学中南医院2008年1月～2009年12月确诊为IC或UC左半结肠炎的住院患者,对其病史资料进行回顾性分析。结果:21例IC和25例UC患者纳入研究。IC患者以老年女性居多,病程相对较短,常伴有高血压和糖尿病,最突出的临床表现为突发腹痛后24 h内出现便血,贫血少见;UC患者的主要临床表现为黏液血便伴腹痛,贫血常见。IC病变多仅累及单一肠段,直肠受累少见,溃疡小而表浅,病理学表现为慢性炎,隐窝炎罕见;UC病变多起源于直肠,呈连续性,溃疡弥漫,病理学表现为慢性炎伴多种炎性细胞浸润,隐窝炎、隐窝脓肿常见。结论:根据性别、年龄、病程以及临床、实验室、内镜和病理检查结果进行综合分析,有助于IC与U C的鉴别诊断。     

溃疡性结肠炎的内镜特点和临床分析

目的 总结溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的临床特点及内镜下表现。方法 收集1975年至2001年经结肠镜检查及病理确诊的UC患者的相关资料，其中1975—1994年组有486例，1995—2001年组490例，观察其临床特点及内镜表现。确诊靠病理活检。结果 在1975—1994年和1995—2001年两组中，经结肠镜检查确诊的UC患者占同期结肠镜的总数从3．51％上升至4．44％，男女之比分别为1．67和1．25，平均发病年龄从42．4岁上升至51．5岁，高峰年龄段分别是30—49岁和40—49，≥60岁。临床主要表现为黏液脓血便、腹泻、腹痛等，病变范围：直肠及乙状结肠炎占55．4％和64．5％，左半结肠炎占17.3％和13．9％，全结肠炎占11．9％和14．3％。分别有89．9％和90．4％的患者病程小于10年。结论 UC的发病例数有所增加，病变主要以左半结肠为主，病程短，发病年龄相对较大，癌症发生率及并发症低。结肠镜及活检是诊断UC的主要方法。     

炎症性肠病诊断与治疗的共识意见(2012年·广州)病理诊断部分解读

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一组病因尚不十分清楚的慢性非特异性肠道炎症性疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)。UC在病理学上可表现为黏膜糜烂、浅溃疡、固有膜内重度弥漫性急性、慢性炎性细胞浸润、隐窝脓肿等,但缺乏特征性改变;CD可有透壁性炎症、裂隙状溃疡/阿弗他溃疡、非干酪样坏死性肉芽肿、神经节细胞增生等改变,但亦无诊断金标准。因此,UC和CD的确诊均不能单纯依靠病理检查,尤其是黏膜活检标本病理检查,而需结合临床、内镜、影像学和组织病理学表现进行综合分析并随访观察,在排除感染性和其他非感染性结肠炎的基础上作出诊断。     

结肠镜和组织病理学检查在炎症性肠病诊断中的价值

结肠镜检查和黏膜活检的组织病理学评估是诊断炎症性肠病(IBD)的主要方法。克罗恩病(CD)可累及口腔至肛门的任一部位,以节段性、透壁性炎症为主要特征;溃疡性结肠炎(UC)主要表现为由直肠向上延伸至盲肠的广泛黏膜炎症,可伴有或不伴倒灌性回肠炎。缺乏慢性炎症的组织学证据如隐窝变形、固有层单核细胞浸润、基底层淋巴细胞增多时,不能诊断为CD或UC。直肠、结肠、回肠末端的结肠镜黏膜活检是区分慢性与急性黏膜炎症、评估疾病分布以及鉴别诊断CD与UC的关键。UC的诊断可能较为直观,而诊断CD需结合临床表现、内镜表现、影像学和组织病理学结果。     

炎症性肠病的临床、内镜和病理特征分析

背景:炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种累及胃肠道的慢性炎性疾病,其诊断需结合临床表现、内镜和组织病理学结果。目的:探讨IBD的临床特征、内镜表现和病理特征。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月—2017年4月皖南医学院附属弋矶山医院99例IBD患者[包括61例溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和38例克罗恩病(CD)患者]的临床特征、内镜表现和病理特征。结果:与CD患者相比,UC患者的年龄明显增高,腹泻、血便发生率升高(P0.05),腹部包块发生率降低(P=0.015)。UC以全结肠型多见,CD以回结肠型多见;UC组接受5-氨基水杨酸(5-ASA)治疗的比例高于CD患者(90.2%对71.1%,P=0.014)。2例UC患者内镜下显示黏膜缓解,CD患者为3例。UC组织病理学可见隐窝分支(57.1%)、隐窝扭曲(76.2%)、隐窝萎缩(54.8%)、隐窝不规则(28.6%)。78.9%的CD患者可见溃疡,炎症浸润程度较重,以淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润为主,非干酪样肉芽肿检出率为15.8%。结论:UC患者确诊年龄较大,以腹泻和血便为主要表现,5-ASA为主要治疗药物之一,内镜下有不同程度的黏膜出血和溃疡,组织病理学以隐窝结构改变和炎症浸润为主。CD患者病变为节段性病灶,组织病理学表现以淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润为主的慢性炎症,部分可见非干酪样肉芽肿。     

回顾性分析82例溃疡性结肠炎的临床特征

目的研究溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)的临床特征,提高对UC的认识和诊断治疗水平。方法收集2008年1月-2013年12月6年荆门市第一人民医院住院治疗的82例UC患者的临床资料,分析其临床特点。结果 41~50岁年龄段发病比例最高,女性多于男性。UC的临床特征以黏液脓血便、腹痛、腹泻为主;内镜下黏膜弥漫性充血、水肿、糜烂和溃疡,13例伴有肠外表现,病变同时累及直肠和乙状结肠者最多见,病理以慢性炎性细胞浸润为主。结论 UC确诊主要根据临床表现、结肠镜检查和病理学检查,其中结肠镜检查可明确病变部位、范围、程度以及肠腔有无狭窄或癌变,有助于临床病情分期,对指导临床治疗方案的选择具有重要意义。     

结肠镜结合病理检查对结直肠溃疡病因诊断的价值

结直肠溃疡可由多种疾病所致，目前结肠镜结合病理检查是诊断结直肠溃疡病因的主要手段。目的：探讨不同病因结直肠溃疡的特征和诊断方法，以期提高对相应疾病的认识。方法：回顾性分析四川大学华西医院93例结直肠溃疡患者的临床特点、结肠镜检查和活检病理资料。结果：结直肠溃疡的病因以溃疡性结肠炎（UC）、肠结核、缺血性结肠炎、结直肠孤立性溃疡、克罗恩病（CD）、感染性肠炎、内痔，息肉术后、恶性淋巴瘤等常见。临床诊断的敏感性为33．3％，病理诊断为46．2％，内镜诊断为61．3％，结肠镜检查结合病理诊断为73．1％。结肠镜下UC多为弥漫分布的不规则浅小溃疡；肠结核多为环形溃疡；CD多有铺路石样改变；缺血性结肠炎病变与正常肠段界限明显。多数UC患者可见隐窝脓肿；异型淋巴细胞见于恶性淋巴瘤，经免疫酶标检查可证实；干酪样肉芽肿和抗酸染色阳性对肠结核有确诊意义，肠结核和CD中均可见非干酪样肉芽肿。结论：结直肠溃疡病因复杂多样。结肠镜结合病理检查对结直肠溃疡的病因诊断具有重要价值。可显著提高其诊断敏感性。     

活动期溃疡性结肠炎活检黏膜的病理组织学特征、分级及其与疾病程度的关系

目的 研究活动期溃疡性结肠炎(UC)活检黏膜的病理组织学特征、分级及其与疾病程度的关系，为UC诊断提供病理学依据。方法 应用大样本(133例)进行前瞻性研究，按UC的严重程度将133例UC患者进行分组研究，应用HE染色进行病理形态学分析和分级。结果 活检黏膜的病理特征是：上皮细胞间的中性粒细胞(100．0％)、嗜酸性粒细胞(99．2％)、浆细胞(91．7％)与淋巴细胞(75．2％)的浸润和淋巴滤泡的形成(72．2％)，固有层小血管炎(63．9％)和灶性出血(68．4％)，黏膜隐窝脓肿(43．6％)、腺体异常(44．4％)、腺体杯状细胞减少或消失(18．8％)、上皮细胞再生(36．8％)、非典型增生(28．6％)和肉芽组织的形成(42．9％)。随着UC严重程度的增加，小血管炎、血管壁坏死、腺体异常、不典型增生、杯状细胞减少或消失、肉芽组织、纤维细胞增生和隐窝脓肿发生率显著升高。淋巴细胞增生、淋巴滤泡形成、嗜酸性粒细胞和浆细胞浸润，三组间差异均无显著性。轻度UC以Ⅰ、Ⅱ级病变为主，中度UC以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级病变为主，重度UC以Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级病变为主；轻、中、重度间各分级，均差异有显著性。结论 活动期UC活检黏膜具有一定的病理特征，其部分指标与组织学分级能反映活动期UC的严重性和活动性。     

Differential diagnosis of dysplasia-associated lesion or mass and coincidental adenoma in ulcerative colitis

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate factors that influenced differential diagnosis of dysplasia-associated lesion or mass and coincidental adenoma in patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS: Among 346 patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent colonoscopy between 1979 and 1995, 27 patients had macroscopic neoplastic lesions and were divided into two groups: those with dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (16 patients) and those with adenoma (11 patients), each being categorized by the presence and absence of dysplasia in the flat mucosa adjacent to the elevated lesions, respectively. RESULTS: Thirteen of 27 patients had dysplasia-associated lesion or mass detected by colonoscopic biopsy; 10 of these patients underwent colectomy, and all had dysplasia-associated lesion or mass in the colectomy specimens. Two patients whose biopsy findings were adenoma had an unsuspected dysplasia-associated lesion or mass in the operative specimens. In the remaining 12 patients, the macroscopic lesions were excised during colonoscopy because of clinical and colonoscopic evidence of adenoma. One of them was proved to have dysplasia-associated lesion or mass, and the other 11 were confirmed as having adenoma in the polypectomy specimens. Patients with dysplasia-associated lesion or mass were significantly younger (P<0.05), had longer duration of ulcerative colitis (P<0.01), and had more extensive disease (P<0.005) than those with adenoma. The colonoscopic appearance was plaque-like in 13, sessile in 13, and pedunculated in 2 of the 28 lesions with dysplasia-associated lesion or mass, whereas it was plaque-like in only 1 and sessile or pedunculated in 15 of the 16 lesions with adenoma (P<0.001). The mean size of the lesions that were considered to be dysplasia-associated lesions or mass and adenoma was 1.8 and 0.5 cm, respectively (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopic biopsy for detection of dysplasia in the flat mucosa adjacent to macroscopic neoplastic lesions is an appropriate preoperative approach to distinguish dysplasia-associated lesions or mass from adenomas in patients with ulcerative colitis. The statistically significant variables that influenced the differential diagnosis were age, duration of disease, extent, tumor size, and tumor colonoscopic appearance.Read in part at the meeting of The Japan Society of Coloproctology, Tokyo, Japan, October 20 to 21, 1995.     

回顾性分析溃疡性结肠炎232例

目的:探讨溃疡性结肠炎结肠镜检出率以及相关特点,以提高对此病的认识.方法:按照UC诊断标准,回顾18年中4994次结肠镜检出的232例UC内镜资料,进行分析与统计学处理.结果:共检出232例溃疡性结肠炎,18年平均检出率为4.65%.男134例,女98例,平均年龄44.11岁,患者主要集中于20-69岁之间,可见两个高峰,30-39岁之年龄段患者最多,为66例,占28.45%;其次为50-59岁之年龄段,为51例,占21.98%.城市居住人口(70.26%)较农村居住人口(29.74%)比率高.在UC患者中,13.4%为直肠炎,27.2%为直乙状结肠炎.18.6%为左半结肠炎,全结肠炎为40.8%.结论:本地区溃疡性结肠炎发病人数逐渐增加;内镜检出率较高.     

Dysplasia and cancer complicating strictures in ulcerative colitis

Previous studies have found a widely variable prevalence of dysplasia and cancer in colonic strictures in patients with ulcerative colitis. Consequently, therapeutic recommendations are conflicting. To better assess the prevalence, we reviewed the clinical and pathological findings in all 27 patients with ulcerative colitis complicated by stricture who were entered into our Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry. A true stricture was defined as a persistant localized narrowing of the colon found on air-contrast barium enema or on colonoscopy. Upon careful review, 12 of 27 patients were found to have transient colonic spasm, not a stricture, and were excluded. The remaining 15 patients with true strictures represented 3.2% of all ulcerative colitis patients in the registry. Strictures were identified at 13.3± 9.9 years following the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Eleven patients had multiple strictures that were principally located in the left colon. Of the 15 patients, 11 had dysplasia and two had cancer found on colonoscopic biopsy. Ultimately, six patients had carcinoma found at colonoscopy or colectomy (three modified Dukes' stage A, one stage B, and two stage D). All cancers were at the site of a stricture. These findings indicate that a true colonic stricture in ulcerative colitis is frequently associated with dysplasia and cancer, which can be diagnosed with colonoscopic biopsy. A stricture should be considered a strong risk factor for cancer, requiring intensive colonscopic surveillance. If dysplasia is discovered, or if the stricture cannot be adequately biopsied, consideration should be given to total colectomy.Research supported by the David and Reva Logan Gastrointestinal Clinical Research Center and the Gastrointestinal Research Foundation Junior Board.     

Prevalence, detection rate and outcome of cytomegalovirus infection in ulcerative colitis patients requiring colonic resection

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis who required colonic resection, and to assess its possible association with the use of immunosuppressive and steroid treatment and outcome after colectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included surgical specimens and related pre-operative endoscopic biopsy specimens of 77 consecutive ulcerative colitis patients (34 females) who underwent colectomy because of intractable steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (55 patients), toxic megacolon (6 patients), dysplasia or cancer (7 patients) or loss of function of the colon (9 patients). Clinical features and current and past treatments were analysed. Haematoxylin and eosin and specific immunohistochemical staining for cytomegalovirus were used to detect inclusion bodies in all specimens. RESULTS: Cytomegalovirus infection was found in 15 of 55 steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis patients (27.3%) and in 2 of 22 non-refractory patients (9.1%) (p=0.123). Only six patients had positive staining for cytomegalovirus in pre-operative endoscopic biopsy specimens. Detection of cytomegalovirus inclusion in biopsy specimens was not related to the number of biopsies or to time that had elapsed since colonoscopy and index surgery. Cytomegalovirus-positive patients were more likely to be on systemic corticosteroids (p=0.03). In contrast, current use and duration of immunosuppressive treatment, number of steroid cycles since diagnosis and in the last year, as well as chronic use of steroid in the last year were not significantly related to cytomegalovirus infection. Cytomegalovirus-positive patients did not receive antiviral therapy following proctocolectomy but did not show endoscopic or histological cytomegalovirus reactivation in the ileo-anal pouch and in the remaining bowel. CONCLUSIONS: Cytomegalovirus infection is frequently found in surgical specimens of patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis and is more likely in patients on corticosteroid treatment. Cytomegalovirus infection is frequently unrecognised in pre-operative biopsy specimens, thus raising concerns about the accuracy of the available diagnostic tools. Unrecognised and untreated cytomegalovirus infection does not affect the outcome of ulcerative colitis patients following proctocolectomy.     

缺血性结肠炎与溃疡性结肠炎临床诊断对比分析

目的对比分析缺血性结肠炎及溃疡性结肠炎临床特点与组织病理学的差异,为临床鉴别诊断提供依据。方法收集广西医科大学第一附属医院2010~2013年20例缺血性结肠炎及30例溃疡性结肠炎患者性别、病程、年龄、基础疾病史、临床表现,肠镜结果及病理特点等资料,并进行对比分析。结果缺血性结肠炎发病以60岁以上老年人为主,起病急,病程短,多伴有高血压、糖尿病等基础疾病,溃疡性结肠炎以中青年患者为主,病程长,伴随基础疾病较少见,前者临床表现以腹胀、呕吐多见,后者以黏液血便及里急后重症状较多见。缺血性结肠炎肠镜下病变较少累及直肠,多出现黏膜水肿,溃疡多呈纵行,溃疡性结肠炎常累及直肠,常合并炎性假息肉,溃疡以地图状为主,病变部位呈连续性。病理上,缺血性结肠炎以血管扩张充血、间质水肿及血管壁增厚多见,而炎性细胞浸润及隐窝脓肿较少见。结论结合年龄、既往病史、临床症状及内镜、组织病理学检查结果,有助于缺血性结肠炎与溃疡性结肠炎的鉴别诊断。     

溃疡性结肠炎合并阿米巴肠病临床特点探讨

目的 探讨溃疡性结肠炎合并阿米巴肠病的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析2003～2010年共104例溃疡性结肠炎患者诊治资料,其中15例确诊合并阿米巴肠病(A组),单纯性溃疡性结肠炎患者89例(B组),统计各患者的腹泻次数、贫血程度、低白蛋白血症程度及结肠病变范围.结果 A、B组患者中腹泻＞6次/d者分别为13例、40例,血红蛋白＜90 g/L患者分别为8例、16例,血清蛋白＜30 g/L患者分别为10例、23例,结肠病变范围超过1/2的患者分别为12例、31例,两组存在统计学差异;15例溃疡性结肠炎合并阿米巴肠病患者中7例为先确诊溃疡性结肠炎,后获得阿米巴感染并致病,其余8例患者无法判断两种疾病的发病先后顺序.所统计病例中溃疡性结肠炎并发阿米巴肠病发病率为14.4％(15/104),高于阿米巴肠病在普通人群中发病率(同地区平均为0.44％,最高2.43％).结论 溃疡性结肠炎合并阿米巴肠病病情较单纯性溃疡性结肠炎患者严重;溃疡性结肠炎患者较普通人群更容易获得溶组织内阿米巴感染并致病.     

Magnifying colonoscopic features of ulcerative colitis reflect histologic inflammation

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and the determination of disease activity. Standard colonoscopic findings, however, do not often agree with histologic findings. The aim of this study was to clarify the relation between magnifying colonoscopic features and histologic inflammation in the course of ulcerative colitis. METHODS: We performed magnifying colonoscopy examinations in 60 patients with ulcerative colitis. We classified the features into six types and analyzed the relations among these features, standard colonoscopic features (Matts grades), and pathohistological findings. RESULTS: It was difficult to distinguish the remission stage from the active stage by standard colonoscopy in cases of Matts grade 2 disease. There was a relation, however, between the magnifying colonoscopic types and the degrees of histologic inflammation. The magnifying colonoscopic types reflected histologic inflammation status more accurately than did standard colonoscopic findings. CONCLUSION: Magnifying colonoscopy is useful for determining the degree of histologic change without biopsy in patients with ulcerative colitis.     

缺血性结肠炎与溃疡性结肠炎的对比分析

目的:研究缺血性结肠炎(ischemic colitis,IC)与溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)临床及组织病理学的差异,有助两者的鉴别诊断,利于临床治疗.方法:收集20例IC和30例UC患者,对其临床及组织病理学等资料进行对比分析.结果:IC组发病时间[(5±7)d]明显较UC组发病时间[(953±1354)d]短.IC组中65%的患者伴有高血压、冠状动脉性心脏病、心房颤动、房性早搏、腹部手术史等疾病史中的一项或几项,明显高于UC组的20%;IC组以急性发病、腹痛(85%)、血便(60%)及腹泻(50%)多见,而UC且以腹痛(83%)、腹泻(63%)、黏液脓血便(57%)及里急后重(20%)为主要临床表现;在内镜表现方面,IC多以沿肠系膜侧分布的纵形溃疡为主(60%),且病变多仅累及肠腔的1/4～1/2周(80%),呈节段性分布(60%),与邻近正常黏膜分界清楚(75%),而UC则以弥漫性地图状溃疡为主(43%),病变多累及肠腔全周(90%),炎性息肉明显多见(37%).在组织病理学方面,血管扩张充血(90%)、间质严重水肿(95%)在IC中多见,血管壁增厚(50%)是其特征性表现,隐窝脓肿(47%)则在UC中多见.两组以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:组织病理学特点、肠镜下表现以及患者临床特征的差异,为IC和UC的鉴别提供了有力依据.