前哨淋巴结定位检测在直肠癌外科中的应用研究

目的探讨定位直肠癌前哨淋巴结（SLN）方法以及临床应用价值。方法运用体内或体外注射亚甲蓝定位47例SLN,采用术中冰冻切片检查、HE染色病理检查、CK-20免疫组化染色（S—P法）检查检测SLN中转移癌。结果体内定位SLN成功32例,体外定位15例,成功14例。47例患者总淋巴结数目为849枚,平均为18．86枚／例,总SLN定位成功率为97．87％,平均SLN为1．87枚／例。常规病理检测SLN转移阴性26例,其中免疫组织化学方法检测CK-20发现微转移6例,上调23．08％（6／26）淋巴结转移阴性患者的病理分期。结论直肠癌体内、体外SIN定位均可获得成功;SLN CK-20免疫组化染色（S-P法）检查有助于提高早期直肠癌的病理分期准确率;SLN术中冰冻切片检查有助于术中指导切除范围。     

结直肠癌前哨淋巴结定位检测及其临床意义

目的探讨定位结直肠癌（CRC）前哨淋巴结（SLN）方法以及临床应用价值。方法运用体内或体外注射亚甲蓝定位105例SLN，采用多层面HE染色检测SLN中转移癌，探讨对CRC分期的影响。结果体内定位SLN44例，成功41例，SLN平均数目为1．37枚，例，体外定位61例，成功58例，SLN平均数目为1．59枚，冽（P=0．1710）；SLN位置分布无差别（P=0．3450）。105例病人总淋巴结数目为1944枚，平均为18．51枚／例，总SLN定位成功率为95．24％，平均SLN为1．49枚／例。常规病理检测SLN转移阴性55例，其中行多层面HE染色发现微转移6例，提高7．40％淋巴结转移阴性病人的病理分期。结论结直肠癌体内、体外SLN定位均可获得成功，SLN多层面HE染色检测有助于提高早期结直肠癌的病理分期。     

中下段直肠癌预后与淋巴结微转移的关系

目的 观察淋巴结微转移对中下段直肠癌预后的影响.方法 应用CK-20免疫组织化学技术对56例中下段直肠癌患者共计661枚淋巴结检测微转移.结果 20例(35.7%)67枚(10.1%)淋巴结检出微转移.20例检出淋巴结微转移者中10例TNM分期提高:Ⅰ→ⅢA 3例,Ⅰ→ⅢC 2例,ⅡA→ⅢB 3例,ⅢA→ⅢC 2例.Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,淋巴结微转移阳性患者半数生存期为(36.90±3.37)个月(95%置信区间:30.29～43.51个月),明显短于淋巴结微转移阴性者的(48.72±2.25)个月(95%置信区间:44.30～53.14个月),两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 中下段直肠癌淋巴结微转移检测有助于更准确地进行临床病理分期.淋巴结微转移阳性者预后较差.     

CD4+、CD8+和NK在结直肠癌中的表达及其与淋巴结微转移的关系

目的 检测不同Dukes分期结直肠癌患者淋巴结细胞角蛋白20(CK20)mRNA的表达及外周血CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+与NK细胞活性表达,探讨两者间关系.方法 采用常规苏木素.伊红(HE)染色病理切片检测21例结直肠癌患者281枚淋巴结转移癌灶及逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测患者淋巴结CK20 mRNA表达;采用流式细胞仪检测患者外周血CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞活性表达.结果 HE染色法检出有淋巴结转移者为16枚(6%,16/281),RT-PCR法检出有淋巴结转移者140枚(50%,140/281);按有淋巴结微转移重新Dukes分期后,手术前,A、B期患者血CD4+、CD4+/CD8+高于c期(P<0.05);A期患者血CD8+低于C期(P<0.05);B期患者血NK细胞活性高于C期(P<0.05).新Dukes分期与血CD4+呈负相关(r=-0.497,P<0.01);与CD4+/CD8+呈负相关(r=-0.714,P<0.01);与CD8+呈正相关(r=0.945,P<0.01).结论 RT-PCR方法对淋巴结微转移的检出率明显优于HE染色切片法,结直肠癌淋巴结微转移的发生与患者免疫功能明显低下密切相关.     

结直肠癌淋巴结微转移的临床研究

目的 探讨结直肠前哨淋巴结(SLN)的定位方法及检测淋巴结微转移的有效方法,并分析其临床意义.方法 对60例结直肠癌患者采用亚甲蓝染色法淋巴结示踪,寻找染色的SLN,切除后的SLN行HE染色和细胞角蛋白CK20免疫组化检测;并与前期直接行淋巴结清扫的60例患者对比.结果 亚甲蓝组中可识别SLN者54例(90.0%),高于前期直接清扫组的24例(40.0%)(P＜0.05);54例中行常规HE染色检出36例阳性,18例阴性.18例SLN阴性者行免疫组化检测,6例(33.3%)检出有微转移灶.结论 联合应用亚甲蓝和细胞角蛋白CK20进行结直肠癌SLN定位优于单用其中之一种方法;免疫组化是检测淋巴结微转移的敏感方法.     

组织蛋白酶 B在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨组织蛋白酶 B( CatB)的表达与结直肠癌浸润和转移的关系及临床意义.方法采用免疫组织化学(免疫组化)法检测 83例患者的结直肠癌原发灶、正常结肠黏膜、转移淋巴结和肝转移灶中 CatB表达,用酶联免疫吸附法检测患者外周静脉血 CatB水平.结果结直肠癌原发灶、正常结肠黏膜、转移淋巴结和肝转移灶中 CatB表达阳性率分别为 56.6%、 31.3%、 88.4%和 85.0%,癌原发灶、肝转移灶和转移淋巴结中 CatB表达阳性率高于正常肠黏膜组织(χ 2=45.6124, P< 0.01);转移淋巴结和肝转移灶中 CatB表达阳性率高于癌原发灶(χ 2=11.5982、 4.3747, P< 0.05). Dukes C、 D期 CatB表达阳性率高于 Dukes A、 B期(χ 2=16.9385, P< 0.01),低分化腺癌和黏液腺癌 CatB表达阳性率高于高、中分化腺癌(χ 2=14.2338, P< 0.01). 83例结直肠癌患者外周静脉血 CatB平均水平为( 5.9± 2.9) ng/ml, 30例健康志愿者 CatB平均水平为( 2.3± 1.1) ng/ml,两者差异有统计学意义( t=6.6975,P< 0.01). Dukes C、 D期结直肠癌患者外周血 CatB水平高于 Dukes A、 B期患者.结论 CatB增强表达与结直肠癌浸润转移有关,检测外周静脉血 CatB水平对临床预测和判断淋巴结和肝转移有重要意义,有助于评价和观察临床治疗效果.     

Anchor Attachment蛋白在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨Anchor Attachment蛋白(AAP)的表达与结直肠癌浸润和转移的关系及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测83例结直肠癌患者的正常肠黏膜、癌原发灶、转移淋巴结及肝转移灶中AAP的表达,并分析AAP表达水平与肿瘤临床病理特征之间的关系.结果 结直肠正常肠黏膜、癌原发灶、淋巴结和肝转移灶中AAP的表达阳性率分别为20.5%、53.0%、69.8%和80.0%;癌原发灶、转移淋巴结和肝转移灶中AAP表达阳性率均显著高于正常肠黏膜组织(x2=42.349,P<0.01),转移淋巴结和肝转移灶中AAP阳性率又高于癌原发灶(x2=6.666,P<0.05);淋巴结转移患者和肝转移患者的原发灶AAP阳性率显著高于无转移者(x2=10.056,7.705,P<0.01);Dukes分期A、B、c、D期患者AAP阳性率逐渐增高,各分期之间差异有统计学意义(x2=12.313,P<0.01).83例结直肠癌患者血清AAP水平为(6.3±2.8)ng/ml,30例志愿者AAP水平为(2.2±0.9)ng/m1,两者差异有统计学意义(t=6.97,P<0.01);Dukes分期A、B期患者血清AAP水平为(5 2±2.6)ng/ml,C、D期患者AAP水平为(7.1±2.9)ng/ml,两者差异有统计学意义(t=2.028,P<0.05).结论 AAP增强表达与结直肠癌浸润和转移密切相关,检测外周静脉血AAP水平对预测和判断结直肠癌局部复发和肝转移有重要意义.     

Seprase表达与人结直肠癌临床病理特征的关系

目的 探讨Seprase表达与结直肠癌临床病理特征间的关系。方法 分别采用免疫组织化学、免疫印迹及半定量免疫组织化学方法对50例结直肠癌患者肿瘤标本中Seprase的表达进行了检测，并对Seprase的表达与其临床病理特征的关系进行了分析。结果 Seprase在肿瘤细胞和邻近基质细胞中均有表达，Seprase蛋白在肿瘤组织中的表达明显高于正常结直肠组织（P〈0．01）．其表达与肿瘤Dukes分期及淋巴结转移有关。结论 Seprase在结直肠癌中高表达与肿瘤Dukes分期及淋巴结转移有关。     

前哨淋巴结活检在结直肠癌根治术中的应用研究

目的探讨前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）在结直肠癌根治术中临床应用的可行性及其价值。方法应用美蓝对67例结直肠癌患者行前哨淋巴结（SLN）定位活检,分体内、体外组,采用HE染色病理检查法、CK-20免疫组化染色（SP法）检测SLN中转移癌。结果共检出淋巴结660枚,其中SLN130枚,检出率19．7％。腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术和开腹结直肠癌根治术对SLN的检出差异无统计学意义（P=0．742）;体内、体外两种SLN的标记方法差异无统计学意义（P=0．564）;SP法检测SLN癌转移的敏感性明显高于HE染色,而假阴性率明显低于后者;肿瘤细胞在SLN的转移率明显高于区域淋巴结的转移率（P〈0．01）。结论结直肠癌根治术中体内、体外SLN定位方法均可以获得成功,均具有切实的可行性,与手术方式无关,并能够预测区域淋巴结的转移状况;通过SP法检查有助于明确结直肠癌的病理分期,有利于判断预后和个体化治疗方案的制定。     

结直肠癌淋巴结转移与部分肿瘤分子标志物表达的相关性研究

目的 探讨部分肿瘤相关分子标志物免疫组织化学的表达与结直肠癌淋巴结转移的相关性.方法 应用免疫组织化学技术检测65例结直肠癌手术标本Ki-67、p53的表达情况,对照手术所见和手术标本的病理检查结果 ,研究这些肿瘤相关分子标志物与肿瘤的生物学特性如浸润和淋巴结转移等的关系.结果 65例结直肠癌手术标本Ki-67、p53免疫组织化学的表达与肿瘤肠壁浸润深度无明显相关性(P＞0.05).Ki-67的表达及Ki-67标记指数的表达与淋巴结转移及Dukes分期有明显的相关性(P＜0.01);p53标记指数的表达与淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05),与Dukes分期有明显的相关性(P＜0.01).结论 作为反应细胞增殖活性的肿瘤相关分子标志物Ki-67,其免疫组织化学的表达程度可间接反映结直肠癌淋巴结转移状况,可能成为反映淋巴结转移的一个标志物.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检对腋窝淋巴结转移的预警价值研究

目的探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)预警腋窝淋巴结转移的价值. 方法对56例乳腺癌行亚甲蓝前哨淋巴结定位、活检和腋窝淋巴结清扫术,标本常规行HE染色、免疫组化病理检查. 结果 SLN成功检出52例(52/56,92.8%),常规病理检查证实SLN转移22例;SLN无转移,但非SLN发现转移者1例,假阴性率为4.3%(1/23).常规病理检查无转移的29例患者,免疫组化检测发现1例CK-19( )、EMA( ),另1例CK-19( ),CEA( ),而所属非前哨淋巴结无肿瘤转移. 结论乳腺癌亚甲蓝前哨淋巴结定位、活检可以预示腋窝淋巴结转移.     

胃癌前哨淋巴结术中定位和病理学检查

目的探讨肿瘤前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检技术在胃癌诊疗中应用的可行性。方法将38例胃癌患者,按肿瘤浸润深度分组,用术中注射美蓝的方法定位前哨淋巴结,用细胞角蛋白(CK-19)免疫组织化学染色判断淋巴结转移情况。结果38例患者全部检出SLN(100%)。出现淋巴结转移的有18例,其中SLN出现转移的有15例。SLN预测淋巴结癌转移的敏感性、假阴性率和准确率分别为83.3%、16.7%和92.1%;胃癌T1组无SLN假阴性者,准确率100%;T2组有1例假阴性者,准确率94.1%;T3组假阴性2例,准确率6/8例。结论采用肿瘤周围注射亚甲蓝的方法术中定位淋巴结为可行的SLN术中定位方法。     

Focused examination of sentinel lymph nodes upstages early colorectal carcinoma

Approximately 30 per cent of patients with early colorectal carcinoma (CRC) develop systemic disease. A subgroup of these patients may harbor occult micrometastatic disease and might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. We investigated sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping and focused pathologic examination of the SLN as a means of detecting nodal micrometastases. Between 1996 and 2000 SLN mapping was performed in 50 consecutive patients undergoing colectomy for CRC. All lymph nodes in the resection specimen were examined via routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In addition multiple sections of each SLN were examined via both H&E and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. At least one SLN was identified in 47 patients (94%). In seven patients (14%) SLN mapping identified aberrant drainage that altered the planned resection. The SLN(s) correctly predicted nodal basin status in 44 of 47 (94%) cases; there were three falsely negative SLNs. Sixteen cases had positive SLNs by conventional H&E staining. An additional 10 (20%) cases were upstaged by a focused examination of the SLNs. Micrometastases were identified in three cases by H&E staining of multiple sections of the SLN and in seven only by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. In nine cases the SLN was the only node containing tumor cells. In this study, SLN mapping demonstrated aberrant nodal drainage patterns that altered the surgical resection in patients with CRC. Focused examination of SLNs may detect micrometastases missed by conventional techniques and thereby identify patients who might benefit from adjuvant therapy.     

PTEN抑癌基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与乳腺癌微小转移灶的关系

目的:研究PTEN抑癌基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达,探讨其与乳腺癌病人的外周血、骨髓及前哨淋巴结微小转移灶之间的关系。方法:选择53例乳腺癌病人的组织标本,用免疫组织化学方法检测原发肿瘤PTEN蛋白的表达;用定量RT鄄PCR法测定原发肿瘤PTENmRNA的表达。以免疫细胞化学法检测外周血和骨髓中的微小转移灶;HE染色和免疫组织化学法检测前哨淋巴结中的微小转移灶。结果:外周血、骨髓及前哨淋巴结中微小转移灶的检出率分别是24.5%,56.6%,26.4%和41.5%。乳腺癌组织中PTEN蛋白表达呈丢失者占35.8%,后者与外周血和骨髓微小转移灶间无显著关系,而与前哨淋巴结中的微小转移密切相关(P≤0.001)。PTENmRNA的表达与外周血、骨髓及前哨淋巴结中的微小转移灶之间均无显著相关性。结论:乳腺癌组织中PTEN蛋白表达的丢失与前哨淋巴结中的微小转移有密切关系,可作为预测其早期转移的重要指标。     

A novel lymphatic mapping technique to improve localization and staging of early colon cancer during laparoscopic colectomy

Encouraging results from our previous studies of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in colorectal cancer (CRC) prompted investigation of its feasibility and accuracy during laparoscopic colectomy for early CRC. Between 1996 and 2000, 14 patients with clinically localized colorectal neoplasms underwent colonoscopic tattooing of the primary site and SLN mapping. In each case 0.5 to 1 cm3 of isosulfan blue dye was injected submucosally via the colonoscope. The blue-stained lymphatics were visualized through the laparoscope and followed to the SLN, which was marked with a clip, and laparoscopic colectomy was completed in the routine fashion. All lymph nodes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; in addition each SLN was subjected to focused examination by multisectioning and immunohistochemical staining using cytokeratin antibody. In all 14 patients the primary neoplasm and an SLN were identified laparoscopically. An average of 13.5 total lymph nodes and 1.7 SLNs per patient were identified. The SLN correctly reflected the tumor status of the nodal basin in 93 per cent of the cases. In four cases with unexpected lymphatic drainage, the extent of mesenteric resection was altered. In two cases (14%), nodal involvement was micrometastatic, confined to an SLN, and identified only by immunohistochemical staining. Lymphatic mapping caused no complications and added only 10 to 15 minutes to the overall operative time. Comparison of results in this group with results for a matched group of 14 patients undergoing SLN mapping during open colon resection showed that the laparoscopic technique had similar rates of accuracy and success. These preliminary findings indicate that colonoscopic/laparoscopic SLN mapping during laparoscopic colon resection is a feasible and technically simple means of identifying the primary colorectal neoplasm and its SLN. Focused pathologic examination of this node can upstage CRC and thereby may improve selection of patients for adjuvant chemotherapy.     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的初步研究

目的研究乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）的可行性和效果。方法利用新型示踪剂——^99mTc-利妥昔配合专利蓝染料对60例原发性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后病例进行SLNB，并对SLN进行常规病理检查和免疫组织化学检查。SLNB后常规腋窝淋巴结清扫。结果SLN检测成功率95％（57／60）。SLN转移阳性23例（40％），其中18例为常规病理检查转移阳性（78％），5例为免疫组织化学检出的微转移（22％）。23例SLN有转移病例中，9例同时存在其他腋窝淋巴结转移，另外14例为惟一转移淋巴结。1例SLN转移假阴性。灵敏度96％（23／24），准确性98％（56／57），特异度100％（33／33），假阴性率4．3％（1／23），阴性预测值97％（36／37），阳性预测值100％（24／24）。内乳淋巴结显像11例，活检病理检查均为转移阴性。结论同位素示踪剂和蓝染料联合检测方法对原发性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后进行SLNB同样适用，内乳前哨淋巴结活检不应做常规推荐。     

Ex vivo lymphatic mapping: a technique to improve pathologic staging in colorectal cancer

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is widely used for solid tumors and has been proposed for use in staging colorectal cancer (CRC). Few studies have examined the ex vivo lymphatic mapping (EVLM) technique for staging CRC. We hypothesized that EVLM is technically feasible, sensitive, accurate, and improves the staging of CRC. After standard resection for colorectal cancer, 1 mL of isosulfan blue dye was injected circumferentially around the tumor. Blue-stained nodes were dissected separately and examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains. Routine pathologic evaluation was performed on all other harvested lymph nodes. Forty patients underwent 43 cancer resections with EVLM from July 2000 to December 2003. SLN were identified in 39 of 43 (91%) specimens. The mean number of SLN obtained was 1.9 (range, 0-5). Pathologic evaluation demonstrated nodal metastasis in 16 of 39 (39%) specimens. The SLN was tumor-positive in 9 of these 16 (56%) patients. The overall accuracy of EVLM was 82%. Two patients (9%) with H&E node negative disease were upstaged when found to have micrometastases by IHC staining. In conclusion, EVLM is technically possible in 90 per cent of patients with CRC. Although overall accuracy was high, the SLN status correlated poorly with the true nodal status of the CRC. However, EVLM improves pathologic staging in 9 per cent of patients and therefore may be of value in CRC.     

Lymph node mapping and axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 invasive breast cancers with no palpable nodes. The south Lyon hospital center experience

STUDY AIM: To evaluate the effect of intraoperative lymph node mapping and sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) on the axillary staging of patients with N0 breast carcinoma. Two techniques were used: blue dye alone (Evans Blue and Patent Blue) and combined technique (blue dye and isotope). METHODS: The incidence of axillary node metastasis in axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and SLND was compared prospectively. Multiple sections of each SLN were examined by HPS staining and immunohistochemical techniques. Two sections of each non sentinel node in ALND specimens were examined by routine HPS staining. RESULTS: 243 patients underwent ALND after SLN biopsy. The SLN detection rate was 225/243 cases (92.59%): 89.94% with blue dye alone and 100% with the combined technique. The false-negative rate was less than 2%. CONCLUSION: SN biopsy is an accurate staging technique for N0 breast cancer. SLN biopsy with multiple sections and immunohistochemical staining of the SLN can identify significantly more patients with lymph node metastases than ALND with routine HPS staining.     

前哨淋巴结宏转移的早期乳腺癌非前哨淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的:探讨前哨淋巴结(SLN)宏转移的早期乳腺癌非前哨淋巴结(NSLN)转移的危险因素。方法:回顾性收集2014年1月—2016年12月诊治的196例SLN宏转移临床早期乳腺癌患者临床资料,分析各临床病理指标与NSLN转移的关系。结果:196例患者中,NSLN转移患者53例(25.5%)。单因素分析显示NSLN转移与年龄、月经状况、原发肿瘤位置、组织学分级、脉管瘤栓、Ki-67表达、HER-2表达、免疫组化分型无明显关系(均P0.05),而与原发肿瘤大小、阳性SLN个数明显有关(均P0.05)。多因素回归分析显示阳性SLN个数是NSLN转移的独立危险因素(P=0.000,OR=2.355)。结论:原发肿瘤大小、阳性SLN个数是SLN宏转移的临床早期乳腺癌患者NSLN转移重要因素,对于原发肿瘤2cm,尤其阳性SLN数超过2枚的患者,建议行腋窝淋巴结清扫。     

电压门控钠通道的表达与结直肠癌淋巴结转移的关系

背景与目的:淋巴结转移是影响结直肠癌(CRC)患者预后的关键因素.电压门控钠通道(Nav)在多种肿瘤中高表达,且与肿瘤的转移密切相关.因此,本研究探讨CRC组织中不同的Nav亚型的表达情况以及Nav的表达与CRC淋巴结转移及侵袭性的关系.方法:收集100例首发CRC患者的肿瘤组织和癌旁组织手术标本,行HE检测鉴别后,采...