保留喉功能的非开胸食管钝性剥脱术治疗颈段食管癌

目的探讨保留喉功能的非开胸食管钝性剥脱术治疗颈段食管癌的临床经验。方法总结分析1997年8月至2005年11月间,采用保留喉功能非开胸食管钝性剥脱术对28例颈段食管癌患者进行治疗的临床资料。结果28例患者术前均确诊为颈段食管鳞状细胞癌。其中12例单纯接受手术治疗(单纯手术组),16例术前或术后接受放疗(综合治疗组)。治疗期间,全组无1例发生大出血、气管撕裂及围手术期死亡;6例(21.4%)出现并发症,其中吻合口瘘2例,喉返神经损伤4例。全组患者5年总体生存率50.3%;单纯手术组5年生存率25.7%,综合治疗组5年生存率66.1%;综合治疗组明显优于单纯手术组(χ2=4.07,P=0.0438)。结论保留喉功能的非开胸食管钝性剥脱术治疗颈段食管癌是可行的,联合放射治疗可以明显提高患者的术后生存率。     

非开胸食管内翻拔脱治疗颈段食管癌19例

食管颈段是指食管入口至胸骨柄上缘,由于颈段食管癌术后并发症和病死率较其他部位高,手术效果不如胸段,传统的方法选择放射治疗,近年来趋向于手术治疗.1997年至今,我院采用非开胸食管内翻拔脱术治疗颈段食管癌19例,取得良好的效果,现报告如下.     

颈段食管癌外科治疗进展

正食管癌是我国及世界范围内发病率及死亡率均较高的肿瘤之一~([1-2])。颈段食管是指上缘位于环咽肌,下缘至胸骨切迹的一段长约5 cm的食管。颈段食管癌是指肿瘤上缘位于颈段食管的食管癌,占所有食管癌的5.0%,以鳞状细胞癌为主~([3])。颈段食管癌解剖部位特殊,容易累及重要器官,手术切除技术要求高,因此,治疗处于颈段食管的肿瘤非常棘手。长期以来,颈段食管癌的治疗在世界范围内存在争议。美国NCCN     

颈段食管癌外科治疗

目的：探讨颈段食管癌的外科手术方式。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2013年12月间137例颈段食管癌手术患者的临床资料。102例患者行保喉手术,其中颈、腹二切口食管拔脱加胃食管吻合术64例,标准三切口手术26例,病灶局部切除加食管端端吻合术12例;35例患者行不保喉手术,其中行喉、全食管切除加胃下咽吻合术21例,咽、颈食管黏膜瓣成形术9例,喉、全食管切除加结肠代食管术2例,空肠间置术4例。所有病例均行单侧或双侧颈部淋巴结清扫。术后行单纯放疗42例,单纯化疗36例,放化疗31例。结果全组无围手术期死亡病例,术后吻合口瘘20例（14．6％）,吻合口狭窄9例（6．6％）,乳糜胸1例（0．7％）,重度返流6例（4．4％）。102例保喉手术患者中,术后出现一过性声嘶者27例（26．5％）,永久性声嘶18例（17．6％）,严重吸入性肺炎2例（2．0％）。85例食管拔脱患者（64例保喉,21例不保喉）膜部损伤3例（3．5％）,拔脱后大出血3例（3．5％）。术后1、3和5年生存率分别为73．7％、43．4％和26．8％。结论手术方式的合理选择是保证颈段食管癌治疗效果的关键。     

颈段食管癌的外科治疗

目的总结外科治疗颈段食管癌的经验体会。方法综合分析1993年12月至2005年12月在河南省肿瘤医院胸外科和头颈外科接受外科治疗的82例颈段食管癌患者的临床资料。结果本组患者1997年以前以单纯手术治疗为主（27例）；1997年后，除5例早期癌患者外，50例常规采用半量放疗后再手术的综合治疗模式。非开胸食管切除73例．开胸食管切除9例；同期行单侧或双侧区域性颈淋巴结清扫14例；联合脏器切除12例。单纯手术组和综合治疗组保喉率分别为81．3％和95．8％，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。无术中或术后大出血、气管和（或）支气管撕裂及围手术期死亡者；并发症发生率为19．5％；术后病理证实上切缘阳性5例，均为单纯手术组；淋巴结转移14例（17．1％）。全组5年总生存率43％：其中综合治疗组50．2％，高于单纯手术组的33．9％（Χ^2=7．17；P=0．007）；开胸食管切除者、同期行单侧或双侧区域性颈淋巴结清扫者和联合脏器切除者的5年生存率分别为36．5％、45．8％和33．3％。结论颈段食管癌患者半量放疗后再手术．可明显减少肿瘤上切缘阳性的发生率，提高保喉率和5年生存率。手术方式以非开胸游离食管为首选，联合脏器切除或双侧颈部淋巴结清扫应非常谨慎。     

非开胸食管内翻拔脱术治疗早期食管癌

自1988年4至1996年10月，对36例早期食管癌行非开胸食管内翻拨脱术，效果满意．现报道如下：     

颈段食管癌的外科治疗

颈段食管起自颈６Ｃ６水平的环咽肌，止于胸１Ｔ１水平的胸廓入口处，长约５ｃｍ。颈段食管癌约占食管癌总数的５％左右１。由于解剖位置较深，初期症状不明显，加上颈段食管缺乏浆膜层的覆盖，肿瘤病变可很快穿透食管壁而侵入邻近的颈部结构，相当一部分的患者，在确诊时肿瘤已累及气管膜部、咽、喉、颈动脉等，而且长度常会超过颈段的界限。当肿瘤的近端侵及环状软骨后区域时，很难区分是颈段食管癌还是下咽部肿瘤，除了会造成严重的吞咽困难，还可发生窒息。大剂量的根治性放疗，不但远期效果不佳，而且常难以提供足够的姑息，对于肿瘤较…     

颈阔肌皮瓣在修复颈部食管狭窄及重建颈段食管的应用

目的 了解颈阔肌皮瓣修复颈部食管狭窄及重建颈段食管的治疗结果。方法 19例颈部食管长约3.5cm-4.5cm狭窄病人，纵行切开狭窄，切取约（4－5）cm×（6－7）cm大小的颈阔肌皮瓣内翻缝合于狭窄切开边缘。14你下咽癌已侵及喉及颈段食管患，行全咽、全喉及颈段食管切除，永久性气管造口。于颈部两侧分别切取（3.5-4)cm×（7－10)cm大小的颈阔肌皮瓣，形成皮管，与口底及食物吻合。结果 颈阔肌皮瓣全部成活，无术后死亡，发生瘘5例，更换敷料愈合，均能正常经口进食。结论 用颈阔皮瓣修复颈部食管狭窄及重建颈段食管缺损方法简单、安全、效果满意，是颈部食管狭窄修复及重建的较为理想方法。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术的麻醉处理

颈动脉内膜剥脱术在防治暂时性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack TIA)在国内已逐步开展。现将我院1987～1990年6例行8侧颈动脉内膜剥脱术的麻醉处理及体会报告如下。临床资料 6例男性患者,年龄48～57岁(平均52.2岁)。有高血压病史者3例。全部患者均有典型的TIA病史。双侧颈动脉造影,证实单侧颈内动脉狭窄4例,双侧狭窄1例,一侧狭窄对侧闭塞1例。CT扫描示脑梗塞2例,脑内小片低密度区2例(均为病变同侧),另2例正常。3例行局部脑血流量测定,2例显示患侧半球血流量下降,1例示患侧大脑中动脉严重缺血。多普勒超声谱仪分析,6例患侧颈动脉血流均增快。     

早期颈段食管癌局部切除加食管端端吻合术

目的 探讨早期颈段食管癌局部切除加食管端端吻合治疗方式的可行性.方法 7例患者经胃镜证实为颈段食管鳞癌,病灶距门齿17～20 cm;病灶1.0～2.5 cm,均未侵及食管纵行肌层,术前PET/CT和胸部增强CT检查均未发现有胸内和颈部淋巴结转移征象,cT1-2N0M0.手术切缘距病灶≥1cm,切除范围3～5 cm,同时清扫颈部淋巴结,平均6.43枚/例,术后颈部石膏托固定,以防止吻合口张力.术后辅助放、化疗.结果 术后无严重并发症发生,平均住院14.5天.均健在,最长随访3年4个月,能进普食,无吻合口狭窄.结论 早期颈段食管癌局部切除加食管端端吻合大大减少手术创伤,提高患者生活质量,使患者能更好的接受术后辅助治疗,对早期颈段食管癌是一种可行、有效的治疗模式.     

非经胸食管内翻剥脱治疗食管癌

目的总结非经胸食管内翻剥脱治疗食管癌的体会。方法对41例患者应用非经胸食管内翻剥腹术治疗食管癌进行回顾性分析。结果本组1例术后第4天死于心衰，其余40例治愈出院。术中发生并发症12例．其中颈咽吻合瘘3例，气胸、液气胸3例，肺部感染4例，腹部伤口感染2例，经非手治疗均治愈。结论早期食管癌．有剖胸禁忌的患者，食管内翻剥脱为最佳手术治疗选择。     

Isolated cervical esophageal reconstruction for rare esophageal tumors

BACKGROUND: Isolated defects in the cervical esophagus in patients who have not undergone total laryngectomy are uncommon. We report 2 cases of rare esophageal tumors requiring reconstruction of the cervical esophagus after tumor resection. METHODS AND RESULTS: The patients were a 51-year-old woman with an esophageal granular cell tumor and a 54-year-old woman with an esophageal schwannoma. Both defects were reconstructed with a radial forearm flap. A small subclinical leak developed in 1 patient and healed spontaneously within 2 weeks. At 1 year and 2 years of follow-up, both patients were consuming a normal diet and had normal voices. CONCLUSIONS: A thin and well-vascularized flap such as the radial forearm flap is essential for reconstructing an isolated cervical esophageal defect so as to maximize functional outcome.     

Endoscopic resection of carcinoma in situ of the esophagus accompanied by esophageal varices

Summary A case of carcinoma in situ of the esophagus accompanied by esophageal varices was treated by endoscopic mucosal resection using a transparent tube (EMRT) following eradication of the varices via injection sclerotherapy (EIS). Intravariceal injection sclerotherapy was performed for esophageal varices, and after eradication of the varices had been achieved, half of the circumferential esophageal mucosal resection of the cancer lesion was carried out. No serious complication such as perforation or mass bleeding was observed. Cancer-involved mucosa was completely resected and all specimens contributed well to accurate histopathological study, being diagnosed as intraepithelial squamous-cell carcinoma. The artificial ulcer recovered completely, showing no stenotic changes. Our conclusion from this experience is that EIS + EMRT is a valuable and minimally invasive treatment for patients exhibiting this disease, providing an accurate histopathological diagnosis.     

Esophagectomy without thoracotomy for carcinoma of the esophagus

During the past 2.5 years, 13 patients underwent esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus without the use of a thoracotomy. During the same period, 81 operations on the esophagus or cardia were performed, 73 of which were esophagogastrectomies. Two patients died, for a hospital mortality rate of 2.7 percent. Of the 13 patients, there were 7 women and 6 men with an average age of 59.7 years. The lesion was located in the cervical esophagus in two, the upper thoracic esophagus in eight and the lower esophagus in three. One patient died on the 12th postoperative day, for a hospital mortality rate of 7.7 percent. Satisfactory relief of dysphagia was accomplished in all surviving patients, five of whom have died from the disease, for an average survival of 13.1 months. Seven are currently alive, with the longest period of survival 20.5 months. Esophagectomy without thoracotomy can be carried out with low mortality and morbidity rates. It is most applicable to patients with early lesions, particularly those in the cervical esophagus and the upper thoracic esophagus.     

微创肌肉非损伤性开胸术治疗贲门肿瘤

目的探讨微创肌肉非损伤性开胸行贲门肿瘤手术的可行性. 方法采用经左胸第7肋间微创肌肉非损伤性开胸行贲门肿瘤手术25例. 结果 20例贲门腺癌,4例鳞癌,行近端胃大部和食管下段切除,残胃-食管胸内吻合术.1例贲门部增生型息肉,行胃底切开,肿瘤摘除术.全组患者无围术期严重并发症,无手术死亡. 结论微创肌肉非损伤性开胸术操作简单,暴露充分,对相对早期的贲门癌是一种可选择的手术方法.