不同病程腰椎间盘突出症患者腰部多裂肌横截面面积研究

目的：研究不同时期腰椎间盘突出患者腰部多裂肌横截面面积（CSA）,评估多裂肌萎缩情况。方法55例腰椎间盘突出患者,按发病时间分为急性期15例、亚急性期10例、慢性期30例,使用实时定量超声测量腰4/5水平椎间盘突出累及侧及非累及侧在俯卧休息位下腰部多裂肌CSA。结果男性、女性及总体累及侧多裂肌CSA的急性期与慢性期比较,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=4.15、3.54、4.11,P均＜0.05）,女性非累及侧多裂肌CSA急性期与慢性期比较,差异有统计学意义（t=2.40,P＜0.05）。男性与女性腰部累及侧、非累及侧各期多裂肌CSA比较,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=5.72、2.88、2.20;5.70、3.35、2.79,P均＜0.05）。在亚急性期,男性累及侧多裂肌CSA较非累及侧小;在慢性期,男性和女性的累及侧多裂肌CSA均较非累及侧小;且总体累及侧多裂肌CSA也较非累及侧小,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=3.85、2.73、4.66、14.11,P均＜0.05）。在慢性期,女性和男性腰部多裂肌累及侧CSA与非累及侧CSA之间不对称差异值（CSA%）分别为（12.16±10.10）%、（16.45±7.20）%,较急性期同性别组CSA%值均大,差异有统计学意义（t=4.68、2.44,P均＜0.05）。结论定量超声可以用于评估腰部多裂肌形态改变;椎间盘突出病程不足3月,腰部多裂肌萎缩可不明显;反复腰痛大于3个月的患者,多裂肌在双侧横截面面积均减小,以累及侧萎缩较为明显,双侧多裂肌横截面面积呈不对称性表现。     

悬吊运动疗法对产后下背痛的疗效和表面肌电信号观察

目的：观察常规康复基础上辅以悬吊运动疗法对产后下背痛患者的疼痛、日常生活活动能力以及竖脊肌表面肌电信号的影响。方法：32例产后下背痛患者按分娩方式分为观察组和对照组各16例。对照组采用常规康复治疗,观察组在此基础上增加悬吊运动疗法。2组治疗时间均为3d/周,共计4周。于治疗前、后评定患者疼痛相关的视觉模拟量表法（VAS）、简体中文版Oswestry失能问卷(SCODI),于治疗后使用时域指标平均肌电值（AEMG）、平均功率频率（MPF）和中位频率（MF）评价患者竖脊肌的痛侧和对侧表面肌电信号（sEMG）活动,比较2组疗效差异。结果：治疗后,2组患者VAS和SCODI评分均较治疗前明显降低(均P<0.05),且观察组患者VAS和SCODI评分更低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组痛侧的竖脊肌的MF、MPF均较对照组痛侧下降、AEMG较对照组痛侧升高（均P＜0.05）。结论：常规康复基础上辅以悬吊运动疗法能够明显改善产后下背痛患者的疼痛和日常生活活动能力,同时sEMG变化亦提示悬吊运动疗法对患者竖脊肌功能水平和疲劳程度明显改善。     

腰椎间盘突出症患者首次核心稳定性训练前后表面肌电信号分析

目的：分析腰椎间盘突出症患者首次核心稳定性训练前后即刻的表面肌电信号特征。方法收集诊断明确且符合纳入标准的腰椎间盘突出症患者30例,均在专业的治疗师指导下进行一次核心稳定性训练,应用Biering-Sorensen腰背肌等长收缩测试方法,于腰部两侧竖脊肌及多裂肌处记录核心稳定性训练前和训练后即刻的表面肌电信号,并提取平均肌电值（AEMG）、中位频率值（MF）进行统计学分析。结果训练前的痛侧竖脊肌MF值、多裂肌MF值、多裂肌AEMG值均小于非痛侧,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=3.44、6.06、4.02,P均＜0.05）;训练后的痛侧竖脊肌MF值、多裂肌MF值、多裂肌AEMG值仍小于非痛侧,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=2.24、6.27、4.12,P均＜0.05）;训练后痛侧竖脊肌与多裂肌AEMG值较训练前增大,但均差异无统计学意义（t分别=1.65、1.23,P均＞0.05）;训练后痛侧多裂肌MF值较训练前低,差异有统计学意义（t=3.91,P＜0.05）。结论核心稳定性训练可激活腰椎间盘突出症患者腰背部核心肌群,可针对性的应用于深层核心肌群多裂肌的强化训练。     

MRI成像Dixon-VIBE序列定量评估退变性腰椎侧凸患者椎旁肌退变程度的可行性

目的探讨MRI多回波三维容积内插水脂分离快速扰相(three-dimensional multi-echo Dixon volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination,Dixon-VIBE)序列在退变性腰椎侧凸(degenerative lumbar scoliosis,DLS)患者椎旁肌退变程度定量评估中的价值。方法20例DLS患者为观察组,同期20例体检健康者为对照组,2组均行腰椎MRI成像Dixon-VIBE序列扫描。分析横断位图像L4-5椎间盘中心层面椎旁肌横截面积(cross-sectional area,CSA)和脂肪浸润度(fat infiltration,FI),并于7 d后重复测量。采用同类相关系数(intra-class correlation coefficient,ICC)双侧随机模型评估研究者间信度和复测信度,比较观察组凸、凹侧椎旁肌CSA、FI,计算椎旁肌CSA、FI不对称度,统计椎旁肌形态异常例数。结果观察组和对照组椎旁肌CSA测量的组间ICC分别为0.78~0.94、0.88~0.93,组内ICC分别为0.79~0.97、0.81~0.97,FI测量的组间ICC分别为0.78~0.91、0.82~0.98,组内ICC为0.76~0.95、0.91~0.97,组内及组间测量结果均具有较好一致性;观察组多裂肌、竖脊肌FI[(32.6±10.0)%、(30.5±8.8)%]均高于对照组[(22.4±8.5)%、(24.4±8.0)%](P<0.05);腰大肌FI[(17.6±5.4)%]及多裂肌、竖脊肌和腰大肌CSA[(7.9±1.8)、(13.6±2.6)、(9.8±2.9)cm2]与对照组[(14.9±3.3)%、(8.1±1.5)cm^2、(13.3±2.2)cm^2、(10.5±3.0)cm^2]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组凸侧多裂肌、竖脊肌和腰大肌CSA、FI与凹侧椎旁肌比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组多裂肌、竖脊肌、腰大肌CSA不对称度分别为[(7.6±5.3)%、(9.6±6.2)%、(10.7±8.7)%],FI不对称度分别为[(6.1±4.7)%、(7.4±4.2)%、(3.7±2.0)%],多裂肌、竖脊肌和腰大肌CSA不对称度>10%者分别有7、9、12例,FI不对称度>10%者分别有3、5、2例。结论MRI成像Dixon-VIBE序列可定量评估DLS患者椎旁肌形态改变,DLS患者椎旁肌退变主要表现为多裂肌和竖脊肌脂肪化程度增加、凹凸侧椎旁肌群CSA不对称改变。     

慢性非特异性下背痛患者悬吊运动疗法治疗后表面肌电信号的变化

摘要 目的：研究慢性非特异性下背痛患者（CNLBP）悬吊运动疗法治疗前后竖脊肌、多裂肌的表面肌电信号的变化特征。 方法：15例CNLBP患者,给予患者每周3次,持续4周的悬吊运动疗法（SET）治疗,分别在治疗前后采集患者在做半桥动作时痛侧竖脊肌和多裂肌的肌电信号,取时域指标：平均肌电值（AEMG）及频域指标：平均功率频率（MPF）、中位频率（MF）,进行统计学比较。 结果：治疗后竖脊肌、多裂肌痛侧频域指标MF、MPF较治疗前下降(治疗前MF 74.95±6.85、MPF 98.10±5.45,治疗后MF 62.90±4.02、MPF 83.89±3.84);痛侧时域指标AEMG较治疗前增高(治疗前AEMG 48.76±5.08,治疗后AEMG 86.27±9.43),差异有显著性意义（P<0.05）。 结论：SET治疗后,CNLBP患者痛侧竖脊肌、多裂肌的疲劳程度下降,收缩能力增强。     

基于IDEAL-IQ序列MR纹理分析评价慢性腰痛患者椎旁脂肪浸润

目的 采用非对称采集与迭代最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离方法 (iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetrical and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence,IDEAL-IQ)定量评价慢性下腰痛患者椎旁肌肉脂肪浸润程度与Goutallier分级的相关性,同时探讨基于IDEAL-IQ脂肪分数图像MR纹理分析评价椎旁肌肉脂肪浸润的可行性.材料与方法 慢性下腰痛就诊患者97例(男50例、女47例),行腰椎常规扫描序列横断位、矢状位T2WI及轴位IDEAL-IQ序列,获取L1～S1椎间盘层面椎旁腰大肌(psoas major,PS)、竖脊肌(erector spinae,ES)及多裂肌(multifidus muscle,MF)基于T2WI序列的Goutallier脂肪浸润程度分级,IDEAL-IQ序列脂肪分数(fat fraction,FF)值、横截面积(cross sectional area,CSA)值和基于FF图像的纹理特征参数.椎旁肌肉Goutallier分级组间FF值及CSA值的差异性比较运用单因素方差分析;采用Spearman秩相关检验评价椎旁肌肉Goutallier分级与FF值及CSA值的相关性;利用ROC曲线评估纹理分析参数的诊断效能,并采用Spearman相关性分析纹理参数特征值与FF值的相关性.结果 不同腰椎间盘层面椎旁肌肉脂肪Goutallier分级组间CSA值及FF值的差异均有统计学意义;ES、MF和PS的Goutallier分级与CSA值均存在相关性(相关系数分别为-0.512、-0.338、-0.082,P值均小于0.001);MF、ES和PS的Goutallier分级与FF值均存在相关性(相关系数分别为0.753、0.819、0.136,P值均小于0.05);纹理特征参数对椎旁肌肉Goutallier分级的诊断效能良好,其中MeanValue、Quantile0.975、Variance与椎旁肌肉FF值呈显著相关(相关系数分别为0.887、0.777、0.776),VoxelValueSum、kurtosis、skewness、uniformity、HaralickCorrelation_angle135_offset7、HaralickCorrelation_angle90_offset4、InverseDifferenceMoment_AllDirection_offset4与椎旁肌肉FF值呈强相关(相关系数分别为0.609、-0.687、-0.569、0.601、0.633、0.714、-0.604),ClusterShade_AllDirection_offset7与椎旁肌肉FF值呈中等相关(相关系数为0.497).结论 慢性下腰痛患者腰椎旁PS、ES、MF的Goutallier分级与FF值及CSA值均存在相关性,而且基于IDEAL-IQ序列脂肪分数图的纹理分析评价椎旁脂肪浸润是可行的.     

关于下背痛患者腰部多裂肌表面肌电信号与肌肉横断面积的研究分析

目的 比较下背痛患者双侧多裂肌表面肌电信号平均肌电振幅值（AEMG）与肌肉横断面积（CSA）变化差异，分析两者之间变化相关性。 方法 选取30例健康成年志愿者（对照组）和30例下背痛患者（病例组），利用表面肌电图检测仪和超声诊断仪分别对2组受试者L5～S1部位双侧多裂肌的AEMG值及CSA值进行比较分析。 结果 对照组多裂肌AEMG和CSA值的左右侧之间比较,均差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；病例组疼痛侧AEMG和CSA值均小于非疼痛侧，且两侧间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。病例组疼痛侧的多裂肌AEMG值与CSA值呈显著相关（P=0.000，r=0.766)，病例组非疼痛侧多裂肌AEMG值与CSA值亦呈显著相关（P=0.000，r=0.763)；对照组左侧多裂肌AEMG值与CSA值呈显著相关（P=0.000，r=0.807)，对照组右侧多裂肌AEMG值与CSA值亦呈显著相关（P=0.000，r=0.800）。 结论 下背痛患者疼痛侧多裂肌AEMG和CSA值与健侧相比偏小，且双侧多裂肌AEMG值与CSA值变化均显著相关。     

脑卒中患者桥式运动下竖脊肌与多裂肌表面肌电图信号特征研究

目的:观察脑卒中患者桥式运动下竖脊肌与多裂肌表面肌电(s EMG)信号变化特征,为桥式运动的临床应用提供电生理理论基础。方法:选取20例健康同龄成年人(正常组)与20例脑卒中偏瘫患者(患者组),对两组受试者行桥式运动时的竖脊肌与多裂肌s EMG信号参数进行比较分析。结果:1正常组双侧竖脊肌、多裂肌配对比较,时域指标平均肌电值(AEMG)、频域指标中位频率值(MF)均无显著性差异(P0.05);患者组竖脊肌患侧AEMG值大于健侧、患侧MF值均小于健侧,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);患者组双侧多裂肌AEMG值、MF值组内配对比较,差异无显著性意义。2两组受试者同侧竖脊肌与多裂肌AEMG值的比值差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:桥式运动可作为脑卒中患者躯干肌训练的一种方法,但须注意训练时双侧竖脊肌的均衡性。     

表面肌电生物反馈指导下的康复训练治疗慢性非特异性下背痛的疗效观察

目的 探讨表面肌电生物反馈指导下的康复训练治疗慢性非特异性下背痛（CNLBP）患者的疗效。 方法 采用随机数字表法将50例CNLBP患者分为实验组（25例）及对照组（25例）。2组患者均给予常规康复治疗,实验组患者在此基础上给予表面肌电生物反馈指导下的康复训练。于治疗前、治疗3周后分别采集患者两侧竖脊肌和多裂肌肌电信号,分析其时域指标均方根值（RMS）及频域指标中位频率（MF）;本研究同时于上述时间点采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）及日本骨科学会（JOA）下背痛评分系统对2组患者进行疗效评定。 结果 治疗前2组患者竖脊肌、多裂肌RMS及MF痛侧与对侧间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组患者疼痛VAS评分及JOA评分组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗3周后发现2组患者痛侧竖脊肌、多裂肌RMS较治疗前明显增高,MF较治疗前明显下降（P<0.05）;组间比较发现实验组痛侧竖脊肌、多裂肌RMS［分别为（33.65±6.43）μV、（28.46±4.54）μV］均较对照组增高,MF［分别为（77.45±13.08）Hz、（68.30±8.61）Hz］均较对照组降低,组间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后2组患者疼痛VAS评分［分别为（2.64±0.81）分、（2.04±0.61）分］及JOA评分［分别为（23.40±1.58）分、（25.76±1.20）分］均较治疗前明显改善（P<0.05）;并且实验组患者疼痛VAS评分、JOA评分均显著优于对照组水平（均P<0.05）。 结论 在常规康复干预基础上辅以表面肌电生物反馈指导下的康复训练,能进一步改善CNLBP患者疼痛程度,增强腰部核心肌群控制能力,提高脊柱稳定性,该疗法值得临床推广、应用。     

表面肌电在腰椎间盘突出症患者功能评定中的应用

目的探讨表面肌电检测技术在腰椎间盘突出症中的临床应用。方法腰椎间盘突出症患者44例,按照腰痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）分为轻度疼痛组（A组）和中重度疼痛组（B组）,分别采集两组患者在完成自身重量的腰部竖脊肌等长负荷测试和踝跖屈最大角度自身重量的腓肠肌等长负荷测试时健、患侧L₅～S₁水平竖脊肌和腓肠肌内侧头的表面肌电信号,分析平均肌电值(AEMG)和中位频率的斜率(MFs)。结果两组患者患侧腰部竖脊肌和腓肠肌内侧头AEMG较健侧均有降低(P＜0.05),患侧MFs绝对值较健侧升高(P＜0.05); 组间比较,B组患侧两组肌肉MFs绝对值均较A组增大 (P＜0.05);B组健/患侧肌肉AEMG比均大于A组(P＜0.05),但MFs比均未见显著性差异(P＞0.05)。结论表面肌电图可以作为一种无创检测腰椎间盘突出症腰部和下肢神经肌肉功能状态的工具;踝跖屈最大角度自身重量的腓肠肌等长负荷测试可以作为评价腰椎间盘突出症患者下肢神经肌肉功能状态的方法之一;腰椎间盘突出症患者腰部主观疼痛感程度不同时,双侧腰部竖脊肌和腓肠肌表面肌电信号的失衡程度也不同。     

Thickness of the middle trapezius muscle measured by rehabilitative ultrasound imaging: description of the technique and reliability study

A technique is described for measuring the thickness of the middle trapezius muscle using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI). A test–retest study was employed to investigate the reliability of the technique in a convenience sample of 16 asymptomatic participants aged 20–41 (12 women). The middle trapezius muscle was imaged using RUSI with participants in a standardized sitting position. The principal investigator took measurements on two consecutive days to examine intra‐rater reliability, and two additional investigators took measurements on the second day to investigate inter‐rater reliability of the measurement technique. Reliability was examined using intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and Bland and Altman plots. The results demonstrated that inter‐rater reliability was good between raters (ICC_2,3 = 0·81, SEM = 0·94 mm) and was moderate for the same rater between days (ICC_3,2 = 0·67, SEM = 1·0 mm). This study demonstrates that RUSI can be used reliably to measure muscle thickness of the middle trapezius muscle following the procedure described.     

The relationship between exercise‐induced muscle fatigue,arterial blood flow and muscle perfusion after 56 days local muscle unloading

In the light of the dynamic nature of habitual plantar flexor activity, we utilized an incremental isokinetic exercise test (IIET) to assess the work‐related power deficit (WoRPD) as a measure for exercise‐induced muscle fatigue before and after prolonged calf muscle unloading and in relation to arterial blood flow and muscle perfusion. Eleven male subjects (31 ± 6 years) wore the HEPHAISTOS unloading orthosis unilaterally for 56 days. It allows habitual ambulation while greatly reducing plantar flexor activity and torque production. Endpoint measurements encompassed arterial blood flow, measured in the femoral artery using Doppler ultrasound, oxygenation of the soleus muscle assessed by near‐infrared spectroscopy, lactate concentrations determined in capillary blood and muscle activity using soleus muscle surface electromyography. Furthermore, soleus muscle biopsies were taken to investigate morphological muscle changes. After the intervention, maximal isokinetic torque was reduced by 23·4 ± 8·2% (P<0·001) and soleus fibre size was reduced by 8·5 ± 13% (P = 0·016). However, WoRPD remained unaffected as indicated by an unchanged loss of relative plantar flexor power between pre‐ and postexperiments (P = 0·88). Blood flow, tissue oxygenation, lactate concentrations and EMG median frequency kinematics during the exercise test were comparable before and after the intervention, whereas the increase of RMS in response to IIET was less following the intervention (P = 0·03). In conclusion, following submaximal isokinetic muscle work exercise‐induced muscle fatigue is unaffected after prolonged local muscle unloading. The observation that arterial blood flow was maintained may underlie the unchanged fatigability.     

Skeletal muscle characteristics in children 9–15 years old: force,relaxation rate and contraction time

Summary. Relaxation rate (RR), half contraction time to tetanus (CTT1/2) and force-frequency curves were investigated in 77 children, aged 9–15 years, using supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve and recording from the adductor pollicis muscle. No sex differences were found in these variables. The RR was independent of age and similar to that in adults. The CTT1/2 was least at the age of 15. The only age-dependent parameter in the force-frequency curves was the relative force developed at a stimulus frequency of 10 Hz, which increased with increasing age. A fatiguability test was performed in 25 children. Reference values for the different parameters are given.     

The reliability of assessing sternocleidomastoid muscle length and strength in adults with and without mild neck pain

Background: The sternocleidomastoid (SCM) is an important cervical spine muscle. Weakness of the SCM muscle has been implicated with cervical problems. No studies have examined the reliability of assessing the SCM muscle length or strength. Also no studies exist that have looked to see if imbalances in SCM muscle length or strength exists between the left and right sides in those with and without neck pain. Objective: To determine the reliability of assessing the SCM muscle for length and strength and to see if SCM length could predict SCM strength in those with and without neck pain. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty-one subjects with and without mild neck pain. Analysis: Intratester reliability was assessed for SCM muscle length and SCM muscle strength. Differences in SCM length and strength were examined in those with and without neck pain. Results: Intratester reliability was shown to be excellent (ICC (2,2) > 0.90) for the left and right SCM when assessing muscle length and muscle strength for those with and without neck pain. No differences were noted when comparing left to right SCM between those with and without neck pain regarding muscle length or muscle strength. Neither regression models were able to predict SCM muscle strength from SCM muscle length. Conclusion: SCM muscle length and SCM strength can be reliably assessed using a bubble goniometer and HHD. No differences were found when comparing left to right SCM muscle length or strength in those with or without mild neck pain.     

Muscular adaptations to fatiguing exercise with and without blood flow restriction

The purpose of this study was to determine the muscular adaptations to low‐load resistance training performed to fatigue with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). Middle‐aged (42–62 years) men (n = 12) and women (n = 6) completed 18 sessions of unilateral knee extensor resistance training to volitional fatigue over 6 weeks. One limb trained under BFR, and the contralateral limb trained without BFR [free flow (FF)]. Before and after the training, measures of anterior and lateral quadriceps muscle thickness (MTh), strength, power and endurance were assessed on each limb. The total exercise training volume was significantly greater for the FF limb compared with the BFR limb (P<0·001). Anterior quadriceps thickness and muscle function increased following the training in each limb with no differences between limbs. Lateral quadriceps MTh increased significantly more (P<0·05) in the limb trained under BFR (BFR: 3·50 ± 0·61 to 3·67 ± 0·62 cm; FF: 3·49 ± 0·73 to 3·56 ± 0·70 cm). Low‐load resistance training to volitional fatigue both with and without BFR is viable options for improving muscle function in middle‐aged individuals. However, BFR enhanced the hypertrophic effect of low‐load training and reduced the volume of exercise needed to elicit increases in muscle function.     

Use of uniformly sized muscle fiber fragments for restoration of muscle tissue function

Treatment of extensive muscle loss due to traumatic injury, congenital defects, or tumor ablations is clinically challenging. The current treatment standard is grafting of autologous muscle flaps; however, significant donor site morbidity and graft tissue availability remain a problem. Alternatively, muscle fiber therapy has been attempted to treat muscle injury by transplanting single fibers into the defect site. However, irregularly organized long fibers resulted in low survivability due to delay in vascular and neural integration, thus limiting the therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, no effective method is available to permanently restore extensive muscle injuries. To address the current limitations, we developed a novel method that produces uniformly sized native muscle fiber fragments (MFFs) for muscle transplantation. We hypothesized that fragmentation of muscle fibers into small and uniformly sized fragments would allow for rapid reassembly and efficient engraftment within the defect site, resulting in accelerated recovery of muscle function. Our results demonstrate that the processed MFFs have a dimension of approximately 100 μm and contain living muscle cells on extracellular matrices. In preclinical animal studies using volumetric defect and urinary incontinence models, histological and functional analyses confirmed that the transplanted MFFs into the injury sites were able to effectively integrate with host muscle tissue, vascular, and neural systems, which resulted in significant improvement of muscle function and mass. These results indicate that the MFF technology platform is a promising therapeutic option for the restoration of muscle function and can be applied to various muscle defect and injury cases.     

Sonographic appearance of a partial rupture of the supinator muscle

We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who experienced pain and swelling in the right forearm after spinning cotton. History taking and physical examinations helped identify a tear of the supinator muscle, which was confirmed via sonographic examination. To our knowledge, this article is the first report of a supinator muscle tear diagnosed with sonography.     

深层肌肉刺激结合手法肌肉放松治疗延迟性肌肉酸痛的疗效观察

目的:观察深层肌肉刺激结合手法肌肉放松治疗延迟性肌肉酸痛的临床疗效,探讨更为有效的临床治疗方法。方法:将48名受试者随机分为联合治疗组(n=24)、手法肌肉放松组(n=24),两组患者诱发延迟性肌肉酸痛后,分别给予不同干预措施,联合治疗组进行深层肌肉刺激结合手法肌肉放松,而手法肌肉放松组给予单纯肌肉放松,对两组患者的治疗效果进行比较和分析。结果:联合治疗组在运动后24 h的血液肌酸激酶浓度、乳酸浓度和肌红蛋白浓度下降幅度显著高于手法肌肉放松组(P0.05,P0.01,P0.01);联合治疗组在运动后24 h肌肉酸痛的改善显著优于常规手法治疗组(P0.01),踝关节活动范围和小腿周径恢复程度显著优于手法肌肉放松组(P0.05,P0.05)。结论:深层肌肉刺激仪结合手法肌肉放松对延迟性肌肉酸痛有优越的治疗效果,是一种值得临床推广应用的治疗方法。     

Ultrasound imaging of the serratus anterior muscle at rest and during contraction

The purpose of this study is to describe a clinically feasible method for measuring the thickness of the serratus anterior (SA) muscle using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) and to determine the reliability of repeated measures of that method. An exploratory clinical measurement study using a test–retest methodology was utilized to determine the reliability of the measurements in a sample of 20 healthy subjects. While sitting with the arm flexed 120°, the SA of each subject was imaged at rest, during an active hold and while holding a three pound weight. On Day 1, images were repeated three times for each condition by the same examiner. On Day 2, Examiner 1 and Examiner 2 repeated the scans. Images were examined offline by Examiner 1 with SA thickness measured superior to the most distal rib in the image. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman plots. The intra‐examiner reliability (same day) during rest, active hold and active hold with resistance was ICC_3,3 = 0·892; ICC_3,3 = 0·951; and ICC_3,3 = 0·869–0·971, respectively. Intra‐examiner reliability between days ranged from ICC_3,2 = 0·613 at rest to ICC_3,2 = 0·736 during active hold with resistance. Interexaminer reliability was moderate during active hold (ICC_2,2 = 0·526) and active hold with resistance (ICC_2,2 = 0·535) and poor during rest (ICC_2,2 = 0·425). This study demonstrates that SA thickness can be measured reliably using RUSI by the same examiner and suggests that active movements may increase that reliability.     

Adaptation of the Threshold IMT® with double spring load allows higher inspiratory pressure for muscle training

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the functionality of an adapted inspiratory muscle training device designed to allow pressures higher than 41 cmH₂O that can be precisely controlled. The adaptation was made in a commercially available Threshold IMT^® device, and the opening pressures and linearity of load were evaluated in an experimental setting. Methods: The original IMT Threshold^® device was modified by inserting a second spring load juxtaposed to the original spring and then the modified device was coupled to a system designed to assess the range of opening pressures. Linear regression was used to test the correlation between the visual pressure scale of the original device and the opening pressure load obtained from the adapted device. Results: For the modified device, we found a range of load from 13·9 ± 0·7 to 85·6 ± 0·7 cmH₂O. Linear regression analysis of our data found an excellent relation between the modified device’s opening pressure and the preset opening pressure marked on the visual scale in the original device, y = ?1·275 + 2·08x, r² = 0·99 and P = 0·0001. Conclusion: The Threshold IMT^® adaptation proposed here is simple, affordable, precise, safe and allows for a high degree of reproducibility. It also achieves pressures higher than 41 cmH₂O that can be used when training inspiratory muscles.