A randomized comparison of the proximal crescentic osteotomy and rotational scarf osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiological results of proximal crescentic osteotomy (PCO) and rotational scarf osteotomy performed in the treatment of hallux valgus.

Hallux varus following scarf osteotomy

Hallux varus is an uncommon condition and majority of the cases are iatrogenic. It can occur as a result of any type of hallux valgus correction surgery and in our cases scarf osteotomy is not an exception. Treatment of this complication can be challenging and it is important to understand the factors that cause this deformity before embarking on surgical correction. Four cases of hallux varus following Scarf osteotomy (1% of our total Scarf osteotomy cases) and discuss the salient features of these patients. The authors ascertained the factors that caused iatrogenic hallux varus and formulated a classification of the nature of the deformity. The management of iatrogenic hallux varus based on our experience and proposed classification system has also been outlined and discussed.     

Distal First Metatarsal Dome (Crescentic) Osteotomy for Repair of Mild to Moderate Hallux Valgus Deformity

Hallux valgus is one of the most common foot deformities. Despite the large number of techniques described for hallux valgus correction, there has been much controversy regarding the best procedure to use. Distal osteotomies have long been done for mild to moderate deformities. Although presented previously, based on a review of the literature, this technique does not appear to be regularly used by many surgeons. This article presents a distal metatarsal osteotomy as easy to perform and useful for the repair of mild to moderate hallux valgus deformity, wherein the first metatarsal angle measures less than 14 degrees.     

Outcome of the scarf osteotomy in adolescent hallux valgus

Purpose  We have reported the radiological and clinical outcome of scarf osteotomy in the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus among adolescent children. Method  Data were collected retrospectively between April 2001 and June 2006. The pre- and post-operative intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA) and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) were determined. Patients were followed up for a mean of 37.6 months. Results  Thirteen patients with 19 operated feet were available at the time of the latest follow-up. There was significant improvement in the mean post-operative IMA, which was maintained to the last follow-up. There was statistically significant improvement in the 6-week post-operative HVA and DMAA. However, this was lost at the final follow-up. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score for the whole group was 80 (54–100). Conclusion  This study indicates that scarf osteotomy should be used with caution in symptomatic adolescent hallux valgus, as there is a high recurrence rate.     

Restoration and Preservation of First Metatarsal Length Using the Distraction Scarf Osteotomy

The authors reviewed the records of 8 patients who underwent a distraction scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal, and report the radiographic outcomes achieved with this procedure. The osteotomy was used to reestablish or maintain the length of the first metatarsal, without the use of a structural bone graft. The osteotomy was used as part of a revisional procedure for a failed bunionectomy in 4 patients. In the remaining patients, the procedure was used to preserve the length of the first metatarsal in conjunction with a Lapidus arthrodesis. The first and second metatarsals were measured radiographically, and the length of the first metatarsal was expressed as a percentage of the length of the second metatarsal. The average proportional increase in first metatarsal length obtained in the patients undergoing correction of the shortened first metatarsal was 7.08%, and the difference between the pre- and postoperative length of the first metatarsal was statistically significant (P = .0013) in these patients. Relative shortening of the first metatarsal was avoided in those patients undergoing distraction scarf osteotomy in conjunction with Lapidus arthrodesis. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 4.     

Modified Kalish osteotomy: A simple approach to minimizing proximal dorsal stress risers

Proximal dorsal stress risers are a potential complication to the Kalish osteotomy. The authors describe a modification to this osteotomy that is simple and effective. Since performing the wing-clip modification, there have been no observed stress risers.     

改良Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻的临床疗效

目的探讨改良Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻的临床疗效。方法应用改良Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻患者68例(92足),比较手术前后拇外翻角(HVA)、第1、2跖骨间角(IMA)及远端关节面固有角(DMAA)的变化。末次随访时,采用AOFAS评分标准评价疗效。结果68例患者均获得随访,时间9~12个月。末次随访时,HVA、IMA、DMAA均较术前显著减小(P<0.01),AOFAS评分较术前显著升高(P<0.01),疗效优、良、可分别为82、5、5足,治疗优良率为94.6%。结论改良Scarf截骨术是矫正拇外翻畸形的可靠技术,纠正畸形效果满意,能有效缓解疼痛。     

Clinical and radiological outcomes of concomitant endoscopic gastrocnemius release with scarf osteotomy

Background

Studies showed patients with hallux valgus also have tight gastrocnemius concomitantly. This study aims to investigate (1) prevalence of tight gastrocnemius in symptomatic hallux valgus (2) clinical and radiological outcomes of concomitant endoscopic gastrocnemius release with scarf osteotomy.

The scarf osteotomy for severe hallux valgus

We reviewed the outcome of 33 patients (45 feet) treated by scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus deformity with an intermetatarsal (IM) angle equal to or greater than 16 degrees. The average follow-up was 26 months. The hallux valgus angle improved by an average of 21.1 degrees from a preoperative mean value of 32.1 degrees. The IM 1-2 angle improved an average of 9.9 degrees from a preoperative mean value of 18.3 degrees. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score changed from a preoperative average of 35.7 points to 89.8 at follow-up. Our midterm results indicate that the scarf osteotomy provides an effective method for the treatment of severe bunion deformity.     

Chevron osteotomy versus scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus correction: A meta-analysis

BackgroundThis study intended to investigate the optimal surgical strategy in hallux valgus (HV), and to provide a basis for clinical treatment of HV.MethodsStudies related to chevron osteotomy and scarf osteotomy for HV were enrolled from online databases. Hallux valgus angle (HVA) was the main outcome variable. Enrolled studies included posttreatment data for intermetatarsal angle (IMA), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and complications. A random-effects model was applied for significant heterogeneity. Otherwise, a fixed-effects model was used. Heterogeneity was assessed with Q test and I² statistics. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger's test. Based on the influence of weighted mean difference values or odds ratios, a sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsFour studies including 384 subjects were evaluated to determine the optimal surgical strategy for HV. There was no statistically significant difference between chevron and scarf groups for HVA, IMA, AOFAS score, and complication rates. Sensitivity analysis showed good stability. The likelihood of publication bias was small.ConclusionThe effects of chevron osteotomy and scarf osteotomy for HV are comparable. Chevron osteotomy is less technically demanding.     

The increase of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody following pauci-immune-type crescentic glomerulonephritis

A 50-year-old woman was admitted because of high fever and fatigue. Proteinuria, hematuria, and elevated BUN (47.8mg/dl) and creatinine (3.4mg/dl) suggested rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The serological study revealed all negative results for rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, serum cryoglobulins, MPO-ANCA, PR3-ANCA, and anti-streptolysin O. Antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody, as assessed by ELISA, was 11EU (normal, <10). Kidney biopsy on the eighth hospital day demonstrated pauci-immune-type crescentic glomerulonephritis without ANCA. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy (500mg/day, 3 days) and 45mg/day prednisolone orally were started. At 3 weeks after kidney biopsy, the anti-GBM antibody value increased from 11EU/ml to 116EU/ml, and MPO and PR3-ANCA were still negative. HLA type was DR8 and DR 15(2), with a genotype of HLA-DRB1*08021 and HLA-DRB1*15011. The present case suggests that HLA-DR15 plays an important role on antibody production against alpha 3(IV) NC1 autoantigen after severe nephritis or tissue damage.     

Treatment of crescentic glomerulonephritis

Summary: Acute crescentic-rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is an uncommon but devastating disease which comes in several forms. That associated with anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies is most vexing to treat and has by far the worst prognosis. Despite conventional wisdom that plasma exchange and immunosuppression are optimal therapy, the cost constraints and issues raised in the present review suggest that this needs to be readdressed. Non-anti-GBM disease appears to respond well to aggressive immunosuppression and/or plasma exchange. A possible zided benefit of plasma exchange in patients with vasculitis on dialysis needs to be further addressed, especially in terms of a possible differential effect of very large doses of pulse methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) as opposed to smaller doses.     

Influence of sesamoid position after scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus on patient-reported outcome. A prospective cohor study

BackgroundThe objective was to evaluate the influence of the postoperative sesamoid position as measured with conventional radiographs on the patient-reported outcome after scarf osteotomy. The hypothesis was that incomplete reduction of the sesamoid would result in a decreased functional outcome.MethodsEighty-two patients who underwent scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus were prospectively assessed for up to two postoperative years. The Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) was used to assess the quality of life, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale (AOFAS) for the functional outcome. A visual analogue scale (VAS) assessed pain, and Likert scale for patient satisfaction. Radiologically, hallux valgus angle (HVA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and sesamoid position were analyzed. According to the final sesamoid position, patients were classified as normal position (48 patients) and outlier position (34 patients). A power analysis, conventional and logistic regression statistical analysis were performed.ResultsAt the final follow-up, significant improvements in all clinical scores were observed for both groups (p = 0.001) with no significant difference in AOFAS score (p = 0.413), but SEFAS score (p = 0.023), VAS-pain (p = 0.006), and satisfaction (p = 0.014) were significantly better in the normal group than in the outlier group. There were significant differences between groups in final HVA (p = 0.042) and IMA (p = 0.040). In multivariate analysis, only lower VAS-pain score (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.6; p = 0.039) and normal sesamoid position (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6–3.2; p = 0.012) were significant predictor of patient satisfaction.ConclusionAt two postoperative years, normal sesamoid position as measured on weight-bearing radiographs was associated with lower pain and better patient satisfaction in patients underwent scarf osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus.     

Azurocidin-specific-ANCA-related idiopathic necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis

An 80-year-old woman who had rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis unaccompanied by systemic vasculitis is described. On renal biopsy, she showed necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis by light microscopy and pauci-immune glomerular lesions by immunofluorescent study. No dense deposits were present on electronmicroscopic study. On serum examination, indirect immunofluorescent study showed perinuclear pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), but myeloperoxidase-ANCA and proteinase 3-ANCA were both negative. Her serum reacted only to azurocidin excluding other ANCA antigens: bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, cathepsin G, elastase, lactoferrin, or lysozyme. Serum creatinine level decreased, and C-reactive protein turned negative after steroid therapy. Azurocidin-ANCA also turned negative. It is suggested that azurocidin-ANCA might have been related to the inflammatory process of pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis in this patient.     

The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy

Objective

A dysplastic acetabulum inadequately covering the femoral head is freed from the bony pelvis through several osteotomy cuts close to the joint, properly positioned and fixed with three screws.

Indications

Symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with closed physes.Osteoarthritis Tönnis stage ≤2.Improved coverage on abduction view.

Contraindications

Dislocation.Neoacetabulum.Worsening of congruence in abduction.Osteoarthritis Tönnis stage 3.

Surgical Technique

Modified Smith-Petersen approach. Incomplete osteotomy of the ischial ramus. Complete osteotomy of the pubic ramus. Supra- and retroacetabular osteotomies: perpendicular osteotomy directly below the anterosuperior iliac spine ending short of the linea terminalis, continuing in direction of the ischial spine. Osteotomy 4 cm below the linea terminalis, connecting to the ischial osteotomy. Mobilization and reorientation. Radiographic control. Anterior capsulotomy: check for labral and chondral pathology, and impingement. Fixation with three 3.5-mm cortical screws. Reconstruction of the detached structures.No cast or orthosis. Touch weight bearing for 8 weeks, then abductor strengthening.

Results

Of the first 63 patients, 60 (71 hips) were followed for 10–14 years. 58 hip joints were still preserved (82%), and function was excellent to good in 52 (73%). Negative prognostic factors were advanced age, osteoarthritis, and insufficient correction.

     

Upper lip reconstruction using a modified perialar crescentic advancement flap

In reconstruction of the upper lip, it is important to observe the principle of aesthetic units and subunits. The cheek advancement flap can be modified in such a way as to achieve this; it can also reconstruct the Cupid's bow. Large upper lip defects, including skin and muscle, can be reconstructed using this technique.