大鼠正畸牙移动过程中牙周组织内转化生长因子β1的变化

目的 了解大鼠正畸牙移动过程中转化生长因子β１（ｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｉｎｇ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒβ１,ＴＧＦ－β１）在牙周组织内的变化,探讨ＴＧＦ－β１在正畸牙移动过程中的作用。方法 对大习正畸牙移动不同阶段的牙及牙周组织联合切片,进行免疫组织化学研究。结果 正畸牙移动过程中,牙周膜内ＴＧＦ－β１表达增加。强力第５～１０天,张力区ＴＧＦ－β１表达增加的幅度明显大于压力区。结论 ＴＧＦ－β１在正     

Gingival crevicular fluid transforming growth factor-beta1 in several forms of periodontal disease

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) has significant effects on periodontal host response regulation. Limited knowledge on the role of TGF-beta(1) in various periodontal disease types and particularly in advanced periodontitis forms warranted the present study. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) TGF-beta(1) levels in patients with different forms of periodontal disease. METHODS: GCF TGF-beta(1) levels were investigated in 32 chronic periodontitis (CP), 30 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 15 gingivitis patients and 16 periodontally healthy subjects. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque and bleeding on probing. TGF-beta(1) levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were expressed in terms of total amount (pg) and concentration (pg/microl). RESULTS: G-AgP and CP groups had significantly elevated GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount compared to healthy group (p<0.008). Moreover, GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount of G-AgP group was significantly higher than that of gingivitis group (p<0.008). G-AgP and CP groups had similar GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount (p>0.008). Significant correlation was found between GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount and all clinical periodontal parameters (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest contribution of TGF-beta(1) to the pathogenesis of advanced chronic and aggressive periodontitis. TGF-beta(1) may thus be one of the components modulating exaggerated host response together with other major mediators of inflammation.     

人牙髓细胞内Smad 2、3在转化生长因子β1信号转导中的作用

目的：探讨人牙髓细胞内Smad 2、3在转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)信号转导过程中的作用。方法：原代培养人牙髓细胞，用激光共聚焦显微镜观察TGF－β1刺激初期牙髓细胞内Smad 2、3由胞质向胞核转位的现象，同时采用Western blot方法检测刺激后期Smad 2、3蛋白表达的变化。结果：TGF－β1刺激2h内，Smad2、3在胞质中表达渐弱，在胞核内表达渐强，呈现由胞质向胞核逐步转位的趋势。Smad 2蛋白总量在TGF－β1刺激前后几乎无变化，而Smad 3在刺激后24h表达量明显下降，48h后表达十分微弱。结论：Smad 2、3可能是人牙髓细胞内TGF－β1的信号转导分子。TGF－β1刺激初期Smad 2、3通过发生转位参与转导TGF－β1信号至核内，刺激后期Smad 3表达水平的下调可能与TGF－β1负反馈调节自身的信号有关。     

Evidence for fibroblast growth factor receptors in myofibroblasts during palatal mucoperiosteal repair

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) regulate cell growth and differentiation and play crucial roles in the process of tissue repair and remodelling. We have previously shown that basic FGF is widely expressed at the injured site. Since the presence of FGF receptors (FGFRs) determines cellular responsiveness, we examined the localisation of FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 expression by immunohistochemistry throughout the repair of full-thickness excisional wounds up to 28 days after wounding. Strong expression of FGFR1 was observed in the nuclei of myofibroblasts, which are characterised by alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin expression. The weak expression of FGFR2 was also observed in the nuclei of myofibroblasts. In contrast, there was no staining for FGFR3 in fibroblasts through the wound healing process. In addition, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), a potential inducer of myofibroblasts, enhanced the expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 in the nuclei of palatal fibroblasts in vitro. These findings suggest that FGFR1 and FGFR2 in myofibroblasts may be responsible for the signal transduction of FGF during the wound healing process.     

转化生长因子β1基因-509位点多态性与重度慢性牙周炎易感性的关系

目的 探讨转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor beta-1,TGF-β1)基因-509位点多态性与重度慢性牙周炎易感性的关系,以期从基因水平探讨牙周炎发病的遗传学机制.方法 用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测102例重度慢性牙周炎患者(牙周炎组)和102名健康对照者(健康对照组)的TGF-β1基因-509位点,比较两组间此位点基因型分布和等位基因频率的差异.结果 TGF-β1基因-509位点CC、CT、TT基因型在牙周炎组和健康对照组的分布频率分别为44.1%(45/102)、47.1%(48/102)、8.8%(9/102)和29.4%(30/102)、51.0%(52/102)、19.6%(20/102),两组人群基因型分布频率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);等位基因C、T在牙周炎组和健康对照组分布频率分别为67.6%(138/204)、32.4%(66/204)和54.9%(112/204)、45.1%(92/204),两组人群的等位基因分布频率差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05),C等位基因携带者患重度慢性牙周炎的风险是T等位基因的1.718倍(OR=1.718,95%CI:1.148～2.569).结论 TGF-β1基因-509位点多态性与重度慢性牙周炎的发病具有相关性,C等位基因可能是重度慢性牙周炎的遗传易感基因.     

Gingival crevicular fluid transforming growth factor-beta1 in cyclosporine and tacrolimus treated renal transplant patients without gingival overgrowth

BACKGROUND: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) have been previously investigated in relation to the pathogenesis of cyclosporine-A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO) but no clinical data are available regarding the GCF levels of TGF-beta(1) in patients treated with tacrolimus (Tac). However, as gingival inflammation is pronounced at sites of GO and this consequently may lead to an elevation in TGF-beta(1) levels the present study aimed to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) TGF-beta(1) levels in renal transplant patients using CsA or Tac without GO. METHODS: GCF TGF-beta(1) levels were investigated in 30 renal transplant patients without GO medicated with either CsA (n=15) or Tac (n=15). Sixteen gingivitis patients and 15 periodontally healthy subjects were selected as controls. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth, plaque index and papilla bleeding index. The TGF-beta(1) levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Both CsA and Tac groups had significantly elevated GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount compared to gingivitis and healthy groups (p<0.008). GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount of CsA and Tac groups was similar (p>0.008). Gingivitis and healthy groups had also similar GCF TGF-beta(1) total amount (p>0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the present data it is unlikely that TGF-beta(1) is an exclusive mediator of CsA- or Tac-induced GO. However, pathogenesis of GO is multifactorial and contribution of TGF-beta(1) to the interrelations between cytokines and growth factors with fibrogenic potential cannot be disregarded.     

Changes in transforming growth factor-beta1 in gingival crevicular fluid following periodontal surgery

OBJECTIVES: Growth factors play a major part in wound healing, including in the periodontium. However, the presence of growth factors in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in humans during periodontal wound healing has not yet been determined. Our hypothesis is that such factors are present in GCF and that changes in their levels might be of value as a prognostic marker of wound-healing activity and therapeutic progress following periodontal surgery. The aim of this study was therefore to measure transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in GCF collected from sites that have undergone guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and conventional flap (CF) surgery and to compare these with GCF collected from unaffected healthy sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: GCF samples were collected, using filter paper strips, at baseline (pre-surgical) and then at intervals up to 26 weeks from 16 patients undergoing GTR and from 11 patients undergoing CF surgery. After elution and acid treatment, TGF-beta1 levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Treatment of periodontal defect sites significantly reduced the mean probing pocket depth (PPD) and improved the mean lifetime cumulative attachment loss (LCAL). Average GCF volumes also significantly increased at all sites at 2 weeks post-surgery and thereafter declined to baseline levels, except at the GTR test sites that were still elevated at 7 weeks. TGF-beta1 could be detected in almost all GCF samples, and 2 weeks after surgery, the average levels increased two-fold at the surgically treated but not at the control sites, which remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: TGF-beta1 is readily detectable in GCF and increases transiently following periodontal surgery. This suggests that changes in the levels of this growth factor in GCF might be useful for monitoring the progress of periodontal repair and regeneration.     

不同质量浓度氟对大鼠切牙成釉细胞转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的研究不同质量浓度氟对大鼠切牙生长过程中转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）表达的影响,探讨氟斑牙的发病机制。方法40只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,建立氟斑牙动物模型。3组分别为低剂量氟组（F-质量浓度60 mg·L-1,13只）、高剂量氟组（F-质量浓度120 mg·L-1,13只）和对照组（蒸馏水,14只）。10周后取材,采用苏木精-伊红（HE）染色和免疫组织化学染色的方法观察氟对大鼠切牙成釉细胞的形态及TGF-β1表达的影响。结果实验组大鼠切牙均出现典型的氟斑牙症状,牙面出现白垩色改变,釉质表面有横纹。HE染色结果显示成釉细胞形态发生改变,细胞排列紊乱,甚至成灶性堆积,可见空泡性变。免疫组织化学染色结果显示TGF-β1在分泌期和成熟期成釉细胞均为强阳性表达,在星网状层、中间层均为阳性表达,在新形成的釉基质中呈阳性表达。2个实验组TGF-β1的表达强度明显低于对照组（P<0.01）,2个实验组之间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论氟可能通过抑制TGF-β1的表达而干扰了成釉细胞的分化和基质分泌,造成釉质发育障碍。     

Effects of enamel matrix derivative and transforming growth factor-beta1 on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), and a combination of both factors (EMD+TGF-beta1) on periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human PDL fibroblasts were obtained from three adult patients with a clinically healthy periodontium, using the explant technique. The effects of EMD, TGF-beta1, or a combination of both were analysed on PDL cell proliferation, adhesion, wound healing, and total protein synthesis, and on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone-like nodule formation. RESULTS: Treatment with EMD for 4, 7, and 10 days increased cell proliferation significantly compared with the negative control (p<0.05). At day 10, EMD and EMD+TGF-beta1 showed a higher cell proliferation compared with TGF-beta1 (p<0.01). Cell adhesion was significantly up-regulated by TGF-beta1 compared with EMD and EMD+TGF-beta1 (p<0.01). EMD enhanced in vitro wound healing of PDL cells compared with the other treatments. Total protein synthesis was significantly increased in PDL cells cultured with EMD compared with PDL cells treated with TGF-beta1 or EMD+TGF-beta1 (p<0.05). EMD induced ALP activity in PDL fibroblasts, which was associated with an increase of bone-like nodules. CONCLUSION: These findings support the hypothesis that EMD and TGF-beta1 may play an important role in periodontal regeneration. EMD induced PDL fibroblast proliferation and migration, total protein synthesis, ALP activity, and mineralization, while TGF-beta1 increased cellular adhesion. However, the combination of both factors did not positively alter PDL fibroblast behaviour.     

Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in odontogenic cysts

AIM: To evaluate the positivity to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in different types of odontogenic cysts. METHODOLOGY: A total of 30 radicular cysts (RCs), 27 follicular cysts (FCs) and 28 odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) were evaluated for immunohistochemical analysis of TGF-beta 1. TGF-beta 1 was evaluated in blood vessels, stromal cells (fibroblasts) and pluristratified squamous epithelium. TGF-beta 1 expression was determined by evaluating the number of positive elements. TGF-beta 1 expression was determined by evaluating 1000 cells in the pluristratified squamous epithelium (500 in the basal and parabasal layers, and 500 in the superficial layer) and 500 cells (the fibroblasts in the stroma) for each specimen, and counting the number of positive cells. The number of positive vessels was evaluated in 10 high power fields (HPF). The Chi-square test was used to evaluate differences between the two groups (RC + FC and OKC). A P-value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: A higher and statistically significant positivity was found in the basal-suprabasal epithelial layers (P=0.0011), superficial epithelium (P=0.053) and stromal cells (P=0.0002) of orthokeratotic and parakeratotic OKC as compared with RC and FC. CONCLUSIONS: These differences suggest that control of the cell cycle may be abnormal in orthokeratotic OKCs. These OKCs may have an intrinsic growth potential not present in other cyst types.     

水蛭素对牙龈成纤维细胞碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的 观察水蛭素对人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGFs）碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）表达变化的规律,探讨水蛭素影响牙龈改建的可能作用机制。方法 体外培养并鉴定HGFs,利用不同浓度的水蛭素分别作用于正常（对照组）和受长期机械外力作用后增生的HGFs（实验组）,通过实时定量聚合酶链反应法和免疫细胞化学法检测TGF-β1及bFGF的表达。结果 未加入水蛭素时,受长期机械外力作用后,实验组促进HGFs增殖胶原合成的TGF-β1表达升高,而抑制胶原合成的bFGF表达降低（P<0.05）。加入水蛭素干预增生的HGFs后,可正向调节bFGF表达,而负向调节TGF-β1的表达（P<0.05）。结论 外力作用干扰了HGFs胶原合成与降解之间的平衡,水蛭素可能通过调节这一平衡而促进牙龈改建过程。     

dNCPs、TGF-β1及联合应用对人牙髓成纤维细胞增殖、ALP及矿化的影响

目的 :观察牙本质非胶原蛋白 (dentinnon collageproteins ;dNCPs)、转化生长因子 (transforminggrowthfactor ;TGF β1)及联合应用对人牙髓成纤维细胞生物学特性的影响。 方法 :利用混合酶消化法成功培养了人牙髓成纤维细胞 ,角蛋白及波形丝蛋白鉴定其来源。在细胞中分别加入牙本质粉、dNCPs、TGF β1及其复合物 ,通过MTT、ALPase和Von Kossa染色检测其作用。 结果 :dNCPs和TGF β1可显著增加细胞的增殖及ALPase分泌 ,细胞可聚集成团形成矿化结节。 结论 :dNCPs和TGF β1可改变人牙髓成纤维细胞的生物学活性 ,但两者间无相互促进作用。     

大鼠正畸牙移动过程中转化生长因子β1在牙槽骨中的表达

目的：观察大鼠正畸牙移动过程中转化生长因子β1（TGF－β1）在牙槽骨中的表达变化,探讨TGF－β在正畸牙槽骨改建中的作用。方法：建立大鼠正畸牙移动模型,用免疫组织化学方法检测牙槽骨中TGF－β1的表达。结果：对照组正常牙槽骨组织TGF－β1呈弱阳性表达。实验组压力侧和张力侧牙槽骨组织TGF－β1阳性表达增强。牙齿移动5d组和7d组,压力侧破骨细胞和张力侧成骨细胞TGF－β1均呈阳性表达。结论：TGF－β1作为局部调控因子可能参与了正畸牙槽骨改建过程。     

外源性转化生长因子β1对口腔鳞癌细胞中相关基因表达的影响

目的：探讨TGF—β1在El腔鳞癌发生发展中的作用。方法：采用免疫组化法观察不同浓度的TGF—β1作用于口腔鳞癌TSCCa细胞系及颈淋巴转移癌GNM细胞系中相关基因c-myc、c-erbB2和TGF-β1及EGFR蛋白表达，同时运用图象分析技术对蛋白表达的表达动态进行了相对定量分析。结果：相同浓度的TGF—β1对两细胞系作用不同；TGF-β1可促进GNM细胞中C-myc和C-erbβ2蛋白表达明显上调，对TGF—β1和EGFR蛋白表达有轻微的促进作用；而TGF-β1作用于TSCCa细胞后C—myc、Cerbβ2、TGF—βl和EGFR蛋白表达明显下调，并与TGF—β1有剂量依赖关系。结论：TGF—β1可能在不同转化的口腔鳞癌细胞中的作用不同。     

Cytokine secretion of periodontal ligament fibroblasts derived from human deciduous teeth: effect of mechanical stress on the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and macrophage colony stimulating factor

The periodontal ligament may play an important role in tooth eruption, root development and resorption. The tissue physiologically receives mechanical force during mastication. We focused on the effects of intermittent mechanical strain on the cytokine synthesis of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts in vitro. The cells were derived from human periodontal ligament of deciduous teeth (HPLF-Y) and permanent teeth (HPLF). The two kinds of PDL cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were cultured in flexible bottomed culture plates. The cells were mechanically stretched at 5% elongation, 3-cycles/min for 24 h on d 7 in culture using a Flexercell strain unit. After the stretching, we measured DNA content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the cell layer, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) contents in the conditioned medium. The TGF-beta 1 level in the conditioned medium of HPLF was significantly higher than that of HPLF-Y and HGF. It was stimulated by mechanical stretching only on HPLF, whereas no significant effect was observed on HPLF-Y and HGF. M-CSF secretion was inhibited by the stretching on all of HPLF, HPLF-Y and HGF. 1 alpha, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (D3) stimulated M-CSF secretion into the culture medium of both HPLF and HPLF-Y, but the stretching inhibited M-CSF secretion and completely blocked the enhancement by D3. These data suggest that periodontal ligament cells synthesize and secrete the molecules as autocrine or paracrine factors that affect bone remodelling and root resorption and the level of those factors change in response to mechanical stress.     

转化生长因子β1对口腔鳞癌及腺样囊性癌细胞纤维黏连蛋白基因EDA片段调节作用的探讨

目的探讨转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1）对口腔鳞癌及腺样囊性癌细胞中纤维黏连蛋白（fibronectin，FN）基因EDA片段的调节作用。方法应用免疫组织化学及半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法（RT-PCR），分别从蛋白及mRNA水平观察口腔鳞癌及腺样囊性癌高、低转移潜能细胞中加入外源性TGF-β1后FN基因EDA片段的表达变化情况。结果3株细胞加入TGF-β1组与未加TGF-β1组EDA片段蛋白表达阳性细胞率比较显示，口腔鳞癌细胞株（Tca83）阳性细胞率由15．4±4．1增加到50．7±10．5，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），腺样囊性癌低转移株（SACC-83）阳性细胞率由71．9±4．8增加到86．1±5．5，差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05），但腺样囊性癌高转移株（SACC-LM）阳性细胞率由93．3±2．4增加到94．1±3．4，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。3株细胞加入TGF-β1组EDA^＋ mRNA表达较未加TGF-B1组明显升高，而EDA-mRNA的表达下降。且差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高浓度TGF-β1可以影响口腔鳞癌及腺样囊性癌细胞中FN基因EDA片段的剪切并促进EDA片段的表达，可能成为影响肿瘤细胞黏附能力及肿瘤侵袭和转移的相关因素。     

转化生长因子β1对体外培养口腔鳞癌细胞系尿激酶u-PA系统活性的影响

目的 :探讨TGF - β1和口腔鳞癌侵袭转移的关系。方法 :采用发色底物反应法测量不同浓度TGF - β1作用于口腔鳞癌TSCCa细胞系及颈淋巴转移癌GNM细胞系后u -PA和PAI- 1的活性。结果 :不同浓度的TGF -β1作用于TSCCa 12h后 ,u -PA和PAI- 1活性与对照组相比 ,无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;而不同浓度的TGF - β1作用于GNM细胞 12h后 ,u -PA和PAI- 1活性与对照组相比 ,有显著性差异 (0 .0 1

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