325例凝聚胺交叉配血应用体会

目的:探讨凝聚胺交叉试验在临床配血中的应用价值,确保输血安全,有效。方法:用凝聚胺法对我院325例受血者标本与同型献血员做交叉配血。结果:检测中,发现有6例冷凝集引起的假阳性,4例为纤维蛋白网罗红细胞引起的假阳性,1例为受血者体内存在自身抗体,1例为同种抗体。结论:手工凝聚胺交叉配血操作简单,敏感性强,是医院理想的交叉配血法。     

MPT影响因素探讨

目的探讨各种实验因素对MPT的影响 ;方法使用MPT作交叉配血及抗体筛选试验 ;结果血液标本、操作手法、MPT试剂、药物 (肝素、止血敏、高浓度KCl等 )等对试验均有不同程度的影响 ,其中又以血液标本、药物、操作手法影响最大 ,导致假阴性结果和假阳性结果增加 ;结论MPT用于输血前试验时血液标本、药物和操作手法对试验结果的影响较大 ,应注意排除。     

凝聚胺检测技术在交叉配血中的应用体会

目的:评价凝聚胺在交叉配血和不完全抗体检测中的使用。方法:用凝聚胺法对500名受血者标本与其同型献血员标本做交叉配血,谱细胞反应分别用抗人球蛋法和凝聚胺法测定。结果:检测中共发现31例冷凝集引起的假阳性;14例纤维蛋白网罗红细胞导致假阳性;3例同种抗体;4例自身抗体;4例在凝聚胺交叉配血中红细胞不出现非特异性可逆凝集。结论:凝聚胺法具有操作简便、快速、敏感性强和结果清晰等优点,是目前基层医院交叉配血理想的方法。     

325例凝聚胺交叉配血试验结果临床分析

目的：探讨凝聚胺交叉配血试验在临床配血中的应用价值,以及假阳性解决办法,确保临床输血安全。方法：用凝聚胺法对我院325例受血患者标本与同型献血员做交叉配血。结果：在检测过程中发现25例假阳性,其中由冷凝集引起12例,纤维蛋白网罗红细胞引起8例。受血者体内存在自身抗体引起3例,同种抗体引起2例。结论：凝聚胺交叉配血操作简单,敏感性强,是医院理想的交叉配血法。     

手工凝聚胺技术交叉配血结果分析（附6例阳性报告）

目前国内临床上血型血清学试验以盐水介质法、酶法及抗球蛋白法为常用，低离子凝聚胺技术在国外已广泛用于交叉配血。该技术分手工及自动化操作两种。我们自1997年5月引进手工凝聚胺试验(Manual Polybrene Test，MPT)用于输血前交叉配血，在1360人次中检出6例不完全抗体阳性结果。现将MPT配血体会和6例阳性结果报道如下。     

凝聚胺技术在交叉配血中的应用效果评价

目的：探讨凝聚胺技术在交叉配血中的应用效果。方法：分别采用凝聚胺法、盐水法、酶法、抗人球蛋白法同时进行交叉配血。结果凝聚胺法检出率及灵敏度都明显高于酶法;与经典的抗人球蛋白法比较,凝聚胺法存在一定的假阳性率;但是凝聚胺法具有快速,操作简便等优点。结论：凝聚胺法较其它配血方法灵敏、操作简便、快速,可作为临床交叉配血的常规筛选试验,对于弱阳性结果标本最好转入抗人球蛋白法确诊。     

手工凝聚胺法交叉配血不合原因分析

目的:分析手工凝聚胺法交叉配血不合原因。方法:选择送检的5 210份血样进行手工凝聚胺法交叉配血试验,发现有142份(2.73%)出现配血不合,对配血不合血样用盐水做介质,进行离心法血液分层,对血清进行抗体筛查,总结引起配血不合的原因。结果:引起交叉配血不合的主要原因是其他血型系统的抗体引起的配血不合,其次是肝素、血小板浓度和血液中含K离子,用盐水法、MPT、LIAT、酶法进行试验,MPT发生率更高。结论:手工凝聚胺法交叉配血不合的原因很多,以出现Rh血型抗体最为常见,需引起注意。     

凝聚胺法联合微柱凝集试验在临床输血中的应用

目的避免不规则抗体所引起的溶血性输血反应发生。方法用凝聚胺法对有妊娠史、输血史和短期内需大量输血的患者进行不规则抗体筛选,再用微柱凝集试验作受献血者交叉配血试验。结果1419例患者凝聚胺试验共筛选出不规则抗体阳性6例,卡式配血不合发生3例（证实为不规则抗体者）。9例患者中男性5例,女性4例,阳性率0.63%。不规则抗体阳性患者经配合型血液输注无一例发生溶血性输血反应。结论凝聚胺法联合微柱凝集试验进行受血者不规则抗体筛选和交叉配血能有效保证患者输血安全。     

冷凝集素对血型鉴定和交叉配血的影响相关研究分析

目的：探讨婴幼儿血清中高效价冷凝集素对交叉配血试验的影响。方法：ABO血型正反鉴定、吸收放散试验、不规则抗体筛选、交叉配血用直接抗人球蛋白法、聚凝胺法,微柱法配血。结果：采用37℃生理盐水洗涤红细胞,4℃冰箱过夜吸收后,再进行凝聚胺交叉配血或微柱法配血,可有效地排除冷凝集素的干扰,主次侧均无凝集。结论：重视高效价冷凝集素对婴幼儿血型鉴定和交叉配血的影响,高效价冷凝集素所至同型配血不合多为弱凝集,经水浴后凝集消失,证明交叉配血相合,但应加做直接抗人球蛋白试验或凝聚胺配血或微柱法配血,可以排除血清中可能含有其他不规则抗体;亚型同型配血（包括弱抗原与弱抗体配血）不合时也为弱凝集,但37℃水浴后凝集不消失,证明交叉配血不相合,为输血禁忌。     

盐水凝聚胺试验在交叉配血中的临床意义

目的:检测盐水凝聚胺试验在交叉配血中的临床意义。方法:对4216例住院申请输血患者用盐水凝聚胺法做交叉配血试验,出现凝集者再用微柱凝胶卡抗体筛查试验做不规则抗体筛检。结果:用盐水凝聚胺交叉配血试验检测4216例输血的血浆标本中出现凝集15例,其中主侧出现凝集的14例、次侧凝集1例。经用微柱凝胶卡抗体筛查试验比较,结果其中主侧出现凝集14例抗筛为阳性,另1例次侧出现凝集为供血者抗筛阳性,二法结果完全一致,抗体检测阳性率为0.33%。结论:盐水凝聚胺交叉配血法是既能检测IgM抗体,又能检出IgG抗体的方法,且操作简便、快速、敏感性强、结果准确可靠,对临床输血的安全具有重要的意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.