^123I—IomazenilSPECT脑受体显像对癫痫灶定位的价值

目的探讨１２３ＩＩｏｍａｚｅｎｉｌＳＰＥＣＴ脑受体显像对癫痫灶定位诊断的价值。方法对４０例癫痫病人进行１２３ＩＩｏｍａｚｅｎｉｌＳＰＥＣＴ脑受体显像，并与录像脑电图强化监测（Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ）、９９ｍＴｃ六甲基丙二胺肟（ＨＭＰＡＯ）ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流显像和ＭＲＩ检查结果进行对比分析。结果以Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ癫痫灶检出率９５％（３８／４０）为参照标准，６５８％（２５／３８）癫痫病人脑受体显像异常，表现为局部放射性稀疏，与Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ定位符合２０例；脑血流显像和ＭＲＩ癫痫灶检出率分别为５５３％（２１／３８）和４７４％（１８／３８），与Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ定位符合分别为１５例和１６例。１２３ＩＩｏｍａｚｅｎｉｌ脑受体显像联合ＭＲＩ检查，癫痫灶检出率为８４２％（３２／３８）。４例ＭＲＩ、脑血流和受体显像正常患者１８Ｆ脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）ＰＥＴ显像全部异常，并均与Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ定位符合。结论１２３ＩＩｏｍａｚｅｎｉｌＳＰＥＣＴ脑受体显像是癫痫病灶定位的有效方法，与ＭＲＩ配合，能提高病灶检出率。     

发作间期SPECT脑灌注显像在癫痫手术定位中的价值

本研究分析了８６例癫痫患者ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）显像、ＥＥＧ和ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ与术中皮层脑电图（ＥＣｏＧ）的关系,以探讨ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像对癫痫灶定位的作用。资料与方法１临床资料。受检者共８６例,男５７例,女２９例,年龄２５～４９岁;...     

SPECT脑血流显像定位诊断癫痫病灶的临床应用──与CT、皮质脑电图及病理检查对比分析

对１４２例癫痫病人进行间歇期ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流显像，并与脑ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、ＥＥＧ、皮质脑电图（ＥＣｏＧ）及手术病理结果进行比较。结果表明，ＳＰＥＣＴ阳性率最高（７５．４％），ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ分别为５２．０％和５６．７％．ＳＰＥＣＴ能准确定位癫痫灶，与埋藏式ＥＣｏＧ或术中ＥＣｏＧ标测结果（ｎ＝５１）的符合率达９２．０％。致痫灶的病理改变多为隐匿性脑血管畸形、胶质增生、局灶性神经元固缩、变性及排列紊乱等。研究表明ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流显像是诊断癫痫病灶的有效方法，灵敏度优于ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ，定位价值优于ＥＥＧ，对于制订癫痫的手术治疗方案有一定帮助。     

高血压脑出血后失语症与局部脑血流变化的相关研究

目的探寻失语患者的脑血流动态变化特点及其与临床转归的关系。方法对３２例优势侧高血压脑出血患者进行语言功能测定，并行ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）显像及ＣＴ检查，利用感兴趣区技术测定病灶及对侧相应部位的ｒＣＢＦ比值。结果①失语者１９例，非失语者１３例。②血肿量及出血部位与失语有一定关系。③ＣＴ仅发现出血病灶，ＳＰＥＣＴ则显示多部位大脑皮层的低灌注损害，失语组为著，额颞叶累及达１００％。④失语组Ｂｒｏｃａ区及Ｗｅｒｎｉｃｋｅ区的ｒＣＢＦ比值明显低于非失语组（ｔ＝４３１，５５２，Ｐ＜０００１）。不同型失语Ｗｅｒｎｉｃｋｅ区ｒＣＢＦ降低程度有差异，感觉性失语者ｒＣＢＦ降低更明显（ｔ＝２５３，Ｐ＜００５）。⑤１０例失语者经病后１周、１个月及３个月临床病情和ＳＰＥＣＴ及ＣＴ随访，其中５例失语基本恢复，５例恢复较差。前者大脑皮层各时期ｒＣＢＦ比值顺时增大，以第１个月内最明显；后者则无显著改善。结论ＳＰＥＣＴｒＣＢＦ断层显像可为临床准确诊断失语提供客观依据，且有助于分型及预后评估，明显优于ＣＴ检查     

核素心肌灌注显像与电子束CT诊断冠心病的对比研究

目的比较核素心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像与电子束ＣＴ（ＥＢＣＴ）扫描对冠心病（ＣＨＤ）的诊断价值。方法对６４例受检者（ＣＨＤ患者５０例，非ＣＨＤ患者１４例）进行了冠状动脉造影、ＳＰＥＣＴ及ＥＢＣＴ检查。结果以冠状动脉造影为金标准，ＳＰＥＣＴ与ＥＢＣＴ诊断ＣＨＤ的灵敏度相近，分别为９２０％和９４０％；ＳＰＥＣＴ的特异性（９２９％）优于ＥＢＣＴ（２８６％），Ｐ＜００５。在判断ＥＢＣＴ结果时，采用不同的钙化积分阈值，对诊断ＣＨＤ的灵敏度和特异性影响很大，故应采用接收器工作特性分析确定适当的钙化积分阈值。结论ＥＢＣＴ虽具有一定优越性，但目前尚不能取代心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像。     

抑郁症的基础与认知激活脑SPECT显像

目的通过抑郁症患者基础和认知激活局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）灌注显像的半定量分析，评估抑郁症患者的脑血流灌注异常。方法选择２７例未经抗抑郁治疗、ＩＣＤ１０分类为中度抑郁发作伴躯体症状的患者，１５例年龄匹配的健康人作正常对照。２７例患者中２１例、１５例健康人中１３例行双日法基础与认知激活脑ｒＣＢＦ显像；另６例患者及２例健康人仅行基础脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像。认知激活采用Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ卡片分类试验。半定量分析在横断面图像７～１１帧上进行，将各ＲＯＩ的平均计数与同侧小脑的最高计数相除，得到各ＲＯＩ的ｒＣＢＦ比值。结果抑郁症左额叶和左颞叶的基础ｒＣＢＦ值均为０７２０，明显低于对照组（０７６４和０７５０，Ｐ＜００５）；左额、左颞、左顶叶的认知激活ｒＣＢＦ值分别为０７１９、０６９０及０７０１，明显低于对照组（０７８２、０７５２和０７６６，Ｐ＜００１和Ｐ＜００５）。结论①抑郁症患者存在左额叶、左颞叶的局部血流低灌注。②额叶、颞叶皮层低灌注可能是引起抑郁症认知障碍、心境低落的原因。③Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ卡片分类试验认知激活脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像有助于提高抑郁症的诊断准确性     

脑梗塞患者SPECT血流灌注显像与认知电位变化研究

目的：对４６例脑梗塞病人的ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像及神经机能联系障碍与认知电位变化之间关系进行探讨。方法：用ＳＰＥＣＴ观察脑血流灌注情况，测得局部脑血流量（ｒＣＢＦ）比值。认知电位则采用听觉ｏｄｄｂａｌｌ模式诱发Ｐ３００波。结果：可见梗塞灶区域以及远隔部位的脑血流灌注减少，其ｒＣＢＦ比值均小于０．９。认知电位检测亦显示Ｐ３００波潜伏期延长或消失，与ｒＣＢＦ减少有明显的相关性（ｒｓ＝０．８７６，Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：脑血流灌注减少及其神经功能联系障碍导致认知功能减退，且与ｒＣＢＦ减少的部位和范围呈正相关。     

^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注显像与电子束CT诊断冠心病的比较

目的比较９９ｍＴｃ甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像与电子束ＣＴ（ＥＢＣＴ）冠状动脉钙化（ＣＡＣ）定量积分对冠心病诊断的价值。方法２１例经冠状动脉造影确诊的病人同时进行９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像（潘生丁介入试验）及ＥＢＣＴ检查，以冠状动脉造影为金标准，以决策矩阵法评价心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ及ＥＢＣＴ的临床应用价值。结果心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像灵敏度为９１％，特异性为８０％，准确性为８６％；ＥＢＣＴ以钙化积分≥１００为阳性标准，则其灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为５５％、１００％及７６％。结论心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像和ＥＢＣＴ冠状动脉ＣＡＣ定量积分法均为非创伤性检查法，对冠心病的诊断各具优势及局限性，有互补作用     

~（99m）Tc－HMPAO SPECT在研究偏头痛中的临床应用

采用９９ｍＴｃ－ＨＭＰＡＯ　ＳＰＥＣＴ对４８例偏头痛患者做了脑灌注显像。结果显示，８５．４％患者局部脑血流灌注（ｒＣＢＦ）减低，有先兆偏头痛间歇期（ｎ＝５）ｒＣＢＦ均降低，无先兆偏头痛发作期９１．７％（ｎ＝１２）患者ｒＣＢＦ降低，而间歇期８３．９％（ｎ＝３１）患者ｒＣＢＦ降低，注射Ｓｕｍａｔｒｉｐｔａｎ治疗（ｎ＝４）后，头痛缓解后ｒＣＢＦ改善。因此，ＳＰＥＣＴ的脑灌注显像可用来评价临床偏头痛患者的脑血流状态，以及寻求针对性的治疗。     

肝癌的影像学评价:1.5T MRI与常规CT、US比较

目的：探讨三种非创伤性影像检查方法ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ和ＵＳ在肝癌诊断中的敏感性和准确性。方法：５２例经病理及临床证实的ＨＣＣ行ＭＲＩ,ＣＴ和ＵＳ检查。结果：ＭＲＩ常规序列与ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ相比,敏感性以ＳＥＴ２Ｗ及ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ序列为高。对ＨＣＣ检出总的敏感性依次为ＭＲＩ（ＳＥ＋ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ）８５．８９％,ＣＴ７５．６４％,ＵＳ７１．７９％,＜３ｃｍＨＣＣ,ＭＲＩ检出的敏感性为７１．４２％明显高于ＣＴ（５１．４２％）和ＵＳ（４５．７１％）,对于＞３ｃｍＨＣＣ,三者敏感性相似。ＨＣＣ定性准确性依次为动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ（９２．０６％）,常规ＳＥ序列（８５．９３％）,ＣＴ（８４．７４％）,ＵＳ（７５．００％）,ＳＥ序列结合动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ对肝癌定性准确性可达９５％,明显优于ＣＴ和ＵＳ。结论：在ＨＣＣ的检出敏感性和定性诊断上,１．５ＴＭＲＩＳＥ序列结合动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ明显优于常规ＣＴ和ＵＳ,为肝癌重要的影像学检查手段。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.