心痛定在ESWL致肾功能损伤中的作用

通过前瞻性随机对照研究，检验心痛定是否对冲击波引起的急性肾功能损伤有保护作用。２７例接受ＥＳＷＬ的肾结石病人被随机分为两组：对照组１２例；心痛定组１５例，术前夜开始口服心痛定１０ｍｇ，一日３次，连用３天。放免法检测术前、后尿中白蛋白（ＡＬＢ）、ＩｇＧ、β２微球蛋白（β２ＭＧ）和ＴａｍｍＨｏｒｓｆａｌ蛋白（ＴＨＰ）２４小时总排泄量。结果显示：两组术后尿ＡＬＢ、ＩｇＧ水平均显著升高（Ｐ＜００１），β２ＭＧ和ＴＨＰ仅轻度升高和降低，两组比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０１，Ｐ＞００５）。认为冲击波对肾小球损伤是明显的，心痛定并不能减少蛋白排泄的增加。     

Diagnosis and treatment of recurrent laryngeal cancer following initial nonsurgical therapy

Surgery is the preferred modality for curative treatment of recurrent laryngeal cancer after failure of nonsurgical treatments. Patients with initial early-stage cancer experiencing recurrence following radiotherapy often have more advanced-stage tumors by the time the recurrence is recognized. About one third of such recurrent cancers are suitable for conservation surgery. Endoscopic resection with the CO(2) laser or open partial laryngectomy (partial vertical, supracricoid, or supraglottic laryngectomies) have been used. The outcomes of conservation surgery appear better than those after total laryngectomy, because of selection bias. Transoral laser surgery is currently used more frequently than open partial laryngectomy for treatment of early-stage recurrence, with outcomes equivalent to open surgery but with less associated morbidity. Laser surgery has also been employed for selective cases of advanced recurrent disease, but patient selection and expertise are required for application of this modality to rT3 tumors. In general, conservation laryngeal surgery is a safe and effective treatment for localized recurrences after radiotherapy for early-stage glottic cancer. Recurrent advanced-stage cancers should generally be treated by total laryngectomy.     

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis following lung transplantation: treatment with pulmonary resection

Recipients of organ transplants are at increased risk for infection owing to their immunosuppressed state and the possibility of contamination of the donor organ. We report a case of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR) transmission via a donor lung. After medical treatment with four drugs had failed, the patient underwent right upper lobectomy. There were no signs of disease on follow up more than 2 years later. To our knowledge, this is the first report of MDR tuberculosis in a lung transplant recipient. The need for a non-conservative approach, including pulmonary resection, to eradicate the infection is emphasised.     

Chronic abdominal wall sinus and recurrent abscesses caused by a foreign body after laparotomy

The prolonged failure of a wound to heal due to the existence of a foreign body can result in chronic sinuses and fistulae and is a situation that should be avoided through thorough assessment of the wound in the first instance.     

Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

The indications for the surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis are mainly for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-Tb). In Fukujuji Hospital there have been 91 pulmonary resections for 83 MDR-Tb cases during the past 20 years. Of those resections, upper lobectomies with or without partial resection of other lobes comprised 55%, segmentectomies 10%, and pneumonectomies 30%. The following major postoperative complications occurred: prolonged air leakages in 19%, empyema in 9%, and respiratory failure in 6%. However, there were no operative deaths. After pulmonary resection for MDR-Tb, immediate negative conversion rate of expectoration of tuberculous bacilli was 98%, reexpectoration rate of them was 12%, The final cure rate was 92%. Surgical treatment is worth consideration for the treatment of refractory pulmonary tuberculosis.