鸡迷走神经传出神经元及其突起的分布

用10只约一年龄的白色来杭鸡,将CB-HRP7μl注入颈部迷走神经干内,动物存活48小时,经主动脉弓处灌流固定。取延髓作40μl厚的冰冻连续切片,TMB法成色。光镜观察。标记的神经元主要位于廷髓的迷走神经背核、疑核及中间带。迷走背核及疑核中的树突都呈放射状分布到周围几个方向。     

鸡舌咽神经传入纤维在中枢的分布

目的 研究鸡舌咽神经传入纤维在中枢的分布。方法 选用10只健康来抗鸡,分离暴露舌咽神经干,在岩神经节处注射4μlCB－HRP,动物存活35小时,灌注固定,取延髓作冰冻连续切片,FMB法呈色,光镜下观察。结果 鸡舌咽神经传入纤维主要投射到注射侧孤束核闩前部的前中部,部分投身到三叉神经脊束与三叉神经脊束核、楔外侧核及第1、2颈髓脊侧角的背外侧。结论 鸡孤束核闩后部及闩前部的后部仅接受迷走传入投射,闩前部的前部同时接受迷走神经和舌咽神经的传入投射。     

狗胆囊传出神经的脑干起始神经元CT—HRP法研究

幼狗10只,将CT-HRP注入胆囊壁,在脑干发现:1.迷走神经背核中标记细胞分布于除吻尾侧外的该核全长,闩前2mm到闩后1mm最为密集,占总标记细胞的75.93％。在该核的横切面上,自尾侧开始,标记细胞在核的内侧和腹侧缘,继之在核的腹侧份呈横向排列,稍前,随该核由横位移行为斜位,标记细胞也随之成斜位,近吻侧标记细胞逐渐消失。细胞形态以中小型的椭圆形者居多,次为多角形和梭形。其突起横向伸展,有个别突起伸入第四脑室底室管膜内。2.疑核和外侧网状核中分别有25个和38个标记细胞,其形态为多角形或近圆形。     

鸡脑干下行投射至脊髓的神经元分布

本文采用在鸡脊髓颈段注射HRP或埋HRP胶块,然后用TMB处理的方法,对中枢神经系统中下行纤维至脊髓的神经元分布进行了研究。观察到鸟类动物存在着一些与哺乳类动物卡相似的神经联系。在间脑部分,下丘脑室旁核大细胞(PVM)是标记细胞较密集的区域,其他还有下丘脑的外细胞层(SE)和内细胞展(SI)以及下丘脑外侧区。中枢内的标记细胞主要集中于红核、中介核和丘间核(ICo)。在延、桥脑段,网状脊髓束是主要的下行通路,脑桥吻端网状核(RPO)和脑桥尾侧网状核(RP)向脊髓的投射相当于哺乳类动物的内侧网状下行系统。小细胞网状核(Rpc)、旁巨细胞网状核等都有下行至脊髓的纤维。另外,蓝斑、蓝斑下核、前庭核、孤束核、外楔核也都有下行纤维向脊髓投射。在中缝核群中我们观察到大量的标记细胞,所以在鸟类动物中可能也存在着中缝核—脊髓这一下行抑制系统。     

树鼩脑干儿茶酚胺神经元的分布

应用FAGLU荧光组化技术观察了树鼩脑干儿茶酚胺神经元(简称CA神经元)的位置分布及其形态特征。结果表明,CA神经元主要分布于下列核区:延髓的腹外侧网状核(LRN),孤束核(Sol);脑桥的面神经核(nVll).脑桥尾侧网状校(PnC),第四脑室顶外侧壁,蓝斑(Lc),脑桥头端与中脑尾端移行部的中缝背核(DR)、中央上核(cs),腹外侧臂旁核(VLPB)、中央灰质腹侧(Vcg);中脑的黑质(SN)、和腹侧被盖区(VTA)。     

一氧化氮合成酶阳性神经元在大鼠脑干的分布及其衰老变化

目的：研究一氧化氮合成酶阳性神经元在大鼠脑干的分布和衰老变化。材料和方法：实验用青年（２－３月）中年（１５－１８月）和老年（２６－３０月）三组ＳＤ大鼠，采用ＮＡＤＰＨ黄递酶组织化学技术及计算机图像。结果：一氧化氮合成酶阳性神经元主要分布于中脑和脑桥上部，延髓分布极少。上丘浅灰质层、中脑导水管周围灰质的背外侧部、中缝背核、被盖背外侧核和桥脚被盖核内的阳性神经元的数量和平均横截面积没有显著性变化。老年     

大鼠脑干一氧化氮合成酶阳性神经元的分布及发育

实验用依赖还原型辅酶Ⅱ的黄递酶酶组织化学方法。研究了一氧化氮合成酶阳性神经元在大鼠脑干的分布及发育。结果；一氧化氮合成酶阳性神经元在各日龄大鼠的分布上没有明显差别。一氧化氮合成酶阳性神经元主要集中在上丘浅灰质层，中脑水管周围灰质背外侧部，中缝背核，被盖背外侧核，中缝大核，三叉神经脊束核等部位。     

鸡脊髓上行投射在脑干的分布

本文用Nauta法追踪鸡在颈髓半横切后脊髓上行的溃变纤维,观察的结果可知,鸟类动物脊髓有上行纤维直接向丘脑投射,主要终止于丘脑的背外侧核(DL)及背内侧核(DM)的腹侧份。根据比较解剖学的结果认为该区域相当于哺乳类动物的板内核群,是旧脊丘系的一部分,可能与动物的原始感觉有关。脊髓还发出纤维向下丘脑的内细胞层(SI)和外细胞层(SE)投射,该联系可能与动物痛的情绪反应有关。此外,在中脑的顶盖、中央灰质及网状结构中也有溃变标记。在延、桥脑的下橄榄(IO)、迷走背核(NX)、孤束核(S)、外侧网状核(RL)、小细胞网状核(Rpc)及巨细胞网状核(Rgc)等都有溃变标记,通过对这些通路及终末前溃变分布的研究,进一步探讨了哺乳类动物中枢神经系统中在种族发育上部分属于比较古老的结构。     

舌咽神经阻滞入路相关结构的应用解剖

目的 :为舌咽神经阻滞的进针入路和预防并发症的发生提供解剖学基础。方法 :观测了30侧成人头、颈部标本舌咽神经的毗邻结构。结果 :舌咽神经阻滞进针的深度 :乳突尖端与下颌角之间连线的中点至颈静脉孔的距离 ,左侧为 (2 3 .2± 0 .4)mm(17.0～ 30 .1mm) ,右侧为 (2 3.0± 0 .4)mm(16 .5～33 .3mm)。获得了舌咽神经的毗邻结构的观测结果。结论 :为舌咽神经阻滞的进针深度和预防并发症提供了解剖学依据。     

Development of glossopharyngeal nerve branches in the early chick embryo with special reference to morphology of the Jacobson''s anastomosis

Summary The development of glossopharyngeal nerve branches was studied by an immunohistochemical technique which stains the whole nervous system in situ. Prior to the formation of the ramus (r.) lingualis IX, pre- and post-trematic branches developed just beneath the pharyngeal ectoderm. This mode of development resembled that of the chorda tympani. The post-trematic nerve seemed to be a precursor of the r. lingual. IX. In addition to the r. pharyngeus dorsalis IX, another branch, r. pharyng. posterior IX, appeared. Both these branches formed an anastomosis with the facial and vagus beneath the dorsal aorta. The term Jacobson's anastomosis seemed to be most suitable to refer to an anastomosis made up of these dorsal pharyngeal branches of cranial nerves VII, IX and X. The primary anastomosis between the facial and the glossopharyngeal nerves in the chick is only temporarily present and is comparable to the similar anastomosis in a shark in which the sympathetic system is not present in the cranial region.     

舌咽神经根及其滋养动脉的显微解剖学研究

目的观察延髓区舌咽神经根滋养动脉的来源及与神经根的毗邻关系,探讨原发性舌咽神经痛的可能病因。方法采用成人头颅标本10例20侧,在手术显微镜下对双侧滋养动脉进行解剖学观察和测量。结果舌咽神经根的滋养动脉主要由小脑下后动脉、延髓背外侧动脉和小脑下前动脉3支或2支共同组成,其中14侧来自小脑下后动脉,占70%,共52支;其次,9侧来自延髓背外侧动脉,占45%,共21支;8侧来自小脑下前动脉,占40%,共18支。舌咽神经根与以上3支滋养动脉接触或压迫的约占30%。结论部分舌咽神经痛病因可能与舌咽神经根和滋养动脉接触或压迫有关。     

儿童扁桃体切除术中舌咽神经舌支的裸露及临床意义

目的:探讨儿童扁桃体切除术中舌咽神经舌支(LBGN)裸露的发生情况及其临床意义。方法:回顾性研究。纳入阜阳市人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2018年7月—2019年8月行低温等离子双侧扁桃体切除术的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)和/或慢性扁桃体炎患儿168例。其中男81例,女87例,年龄3~14(8.0±2.6...     

The inhibition of hypoglossal motoneurones by impulses in the glossopharyngeal nerve of the rat

Summary Stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve produced inhibitory post synaptic potentials in neurones of the hypoglossal nucleus of the rat. The corresponding pause in the amino acid induced firing of these cells was antagonized by electrophoretically administered strychnine but not by bicuculline. Strychnine and bicuculline antagonized the actions of glycine and GABA respectively on these cells. The findings suggest that the transmitter for this synaptic inhibition is a glycine-like amino acid.C. J. Martin Travelling Fellow.Wellcome Trust/Animal Health Trust Research Fellow.     

Brain stem neurons projecting to neocortex: A HRP study in the cat

Summary The cortical projections of the brain stem were investigated in detail in the cat by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde axonal transport. Most of the cells providing ascending fibers to the neocortex were located in the pons (locus coeruleus and related structures, central gray substance, dorsal tegmental nucleus, raphe nuclei, reticular nuclei); labeled neurons were also identified in the mesencephalon, mainly in the periaqueductal gray and in the nucleus linearis rostralis. These projections, and particularly the pontine fibers, were diffusely distributed throughout the cerebral cortex.The results are compared with the data previously obtained by the use of anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques.     

X-ray microanalysis of monoaminergic terminals in the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis of the chicken

Summary X-ray microanalysis after aldehyde-chromatedichromate treatment served to confirm the presence of monoaminergic terminals in the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (NTD) of the chicken. The monoaminergic terminals were represented as neuronal elements with electron-dense vesicles (EDVs) of several different shapes as seen in Eponembedded semi-thin sections. Conventional electron microscopic observations of the adjacent ultra-thin sections showed the EDVs to be comprised of spherical medium-sized (about 80 nm in diameter), large dense-cored (about 120 nm) and elongated granular vesicles (100–220 nm) in the same nerve varicosities. It is probable that the NTD, being a center of catecholaminergic efferent projections, may also receive direct monoaminergic inputs from an unknown area of the brain and/or from recurrent collaterals of the same catecholamine-containing neurons in the NTD.This work was partly supported by a scientific research grant (NO. 57560264) and (NO. 58560263) from the Ministry of Education of Japan to T. WatanabeThe authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Dr. Kanjun Hirunagi for his technical advice during the course of this investigation     

舌咽神经及鼓室神经切除手术入路的应用解剖

在１００个成年颅骨和２４侧尸头上对舌咽神经及鼓室神经切除术的应用解剖进行了研究，提出了乳突、鼓板下缘、茎突等骨性标志可作为手术入路的导向。鼓板下缘距鼓室底的距离为９．４±１．９ｍｍ，最小值为５．３ｍｍ。舌咽神经干在颈动脉鞘的前内侧易与颈动脉鞘分离。舌咽神经在近颈静脉孔处膨大形成下神经节，鼓室神经自下神经节的外侧发起者占４２．８％，后方发起者为４２．９％，前方发起者１４．３％。本文还对手术入路和手术技术问题进行了讨论。