基于应用视角的计算机考试系统参照标志与设计理念

医学教育计算机化是医院信息化的组成部分,计算机考试系统是医学教育计算机化的重要环节之一.对于适用于医院的计算机考试系统,由于行业的特殊性给系统的设计和开发带来了较大的挑战.如果能够妥善解决好系统设计开发的参照标志与设计理念两方面的问题,必将能够有力地推进计算机考试系统的设计、开发、推广与应用.本文旨在为计算机考试系统的设计、开发与项目管理人员提供一些具有实用性的决策思路和方法.     

The origins,history, and design of the resident match

In the early 1900s, competition among hospitals for interns and among medical students for good internships led to increasingly early offers of internships to students. By the 1940s, appointments were often made as early as the beginning of the junior year of medical school. Hospitals thus had little information about students' performance, and students frequently had to make a final decision to accept or reject an offer without knowing which other offers might be forthcoming. From 1945 through 1951, efforts were made to enforce a uniform date for accepting offers. However, students were still faced with offers having very short deadlines, compelling them to accept or reject offers without knowing what other offers might be forthcoming. Hospitals often had to scramble for available students, since if an offer was rejected, it was often too late for them to reach their next preferred candidate. A centralized clearinghouse was thus developed as a way of alleviating this chaos and allowing a larger role to the preferences of both students and hospitals. This evolved into the current matching program, whose algorithm continues to be updated to take account of changing needs of applicants, such as growth in the number of couples who seek 2 positions in the same vicinity.      

Graphical user interface for the analysis of noise induced hearing loss

We have developed a Windows-based computer program which will help the user to collect data needed for calculation models of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). The program has a graphical user interface and it includes several methods to calculate NIHL. We have tried to make our system to cover all the factors concerning NIHL and also to take into account other possible reasons of hearing loss. The system is used not only for estimating noise induced hearing loss, but also as a systematic way to collect data for future evolution of new models and for other research purposes. For this sake the program asks some questions that are not currently included to these models, but which have been shown to have some impact on noise induced hearing loss.     

A computer aid for choosing HMOs: Design of a new interface

This paper reports on a new interface design. The presentation is similar to a newspaper style, allowing a familiar format and advertisement. In addition, the design includes steps to ease data collection, features to help users influence others in the organization, and a dynamic allocation of menu lists that reflect user's knowledge and previous interest.     

医学教育网络软件设计思想探讨

21世纪的医学教育网络体系 ,在发展战略上 ,除了应继续加强硬件建设外 ,在软件建设上 ,重点应解决教学指导思想和资源的合理利用问题 ,提高远程网络教育的效益 ;在技术上 ,远程网络教育软件的稳定性、易维护等问题应引起重视     

基于键盘与数码管控制芯片zlg7289A人机接口电路的设计及应用

本文主要介绍了以串行接口的8位LED数码管及64键键盘控制芯片zlg7289A为核心的人机接口电路的设计方法,详细阐述了zlg7289A的工作原理与使用原则,最后给出它在新型仪器精密神经阈值刺激仪中的应用实例.     

Object-oriented development of a concept learning system for time-centered clinical data

A concept learning system is expected to be a powerful tool for filtering and analyzing a large amount of data in a variety of scientific fields. A simple application of it to clinical data, however, fails to mine medical information and knowledge. One of the major obstacles in mining a clinical database is time, which is a very important concept in clinical medicine. To be successful in data mining in clinical medicine, an efficient model of clinical data with time and a flexible concept learning system augmented to handle the model are both necessary. Herein we modeled clinical data to easily express and manipulate time and extended a concept learning system to utilize a time-centered clinical data model. The modified concept learning system is based on themessage-value method rather than the traditionalattribute-value method. The object-oriented technology was of great help in modeling time-centered clinical data and in developing a modified concept learning system.     

Development of a friendly,self-teaching,interactive statistical package for analysis of clinical research data

We have developed a new statistical analysis package for use by the clinical investigator, the clinician, and the laboratory researcher. This package attempts to implement the following philosophy: (1) The programs should be essentially self-teachaing, friendly, and forgiving; (2) the grograms should educate the user regarding the underlying theory, assumptions, and interpretation of the statistical methods involved; (3) the programs should automatically test relevant assumptions and warn the user when these assumptions appear to have been violated; (4) the programs should make recommendations about the availability of alternative statistical methods and automatically perform such analyses when indicated; (5) the programs should interpret the results; and (6) the programs should mimic, insofar as possible, the logic used in a routine, elementary statistical consultation. Several programs have been developed, extensively tested, and used.     

A study on the development of a filing system for funduscopic images with a personal computer for Twin AMHTS

A filing system for ocular fundscopic image data was developed by using a personal computer for the Twin AMHTS. The development of the system was tried as one of the data transfer system including image data between two similar AMHTSs named the Twin AMHTS through the information network system. The filing system is capable of storing 26782 data of ophthalmoscopic pictures with a data compression mode by using a magneto-optical disk (MOD) whose storage capacity of both sides is 616 MB. It takes no long time for retrieval and display of the image data in the filing system. Good quality of compression and decompression obtained and reproducibility of the ocular fundus picture is favorable regardless of normal or abnormal cases. As a result, it is suggested that the developed system has practical utility although it requires more improvement.     

On the development of an integrated computer system for cephalometric analyses

This paper describes a microcomputer based system that integrates image processing and computer graphics techniques to automate the data extraction and storage process in cephalometric analyses. The system increases the consistency of measurements and improves the productivity of surgical and dental staff.     

共病管理在老年肿瘤医学教学中应用的思考

随着社会人口老龄化进程的加剧,共病管理相关理念日益得到推广和应用。本文从共病管理的基本概念入手,对当前老年肿瘤医学的发展和教学实践环节中如何应用共病管理予以论述,认为应当着重提高老年肿瘤医学教师对于共病管理的认识,采用多样化教学方法和教育技术培养学生共病管理思维,在青年医生中积极开展共病管理的继续教育,为更好地解决老年...     

Considering human factors in the initial analysis and design of a medical computer system

The primary objective of a medical computer system is (should be?) to support patients and the people who care for them. Successful human factors design in these systems depends primarily on successful identification and resolution of management-level issues during the systems' concept development stage. Traditional human factors issues (user, dialogue, terminal characteristics) that affect the man-machine interface are resolved based upon decisions made during concept development phase; inappropriate decisions “early on” result in poor human factors designs.     

Mobile health applications for older adults: a systematic review of interface and persuasive feature design

ObjectiveMobile-based interventions have the potential to promote healthy aging among older adults. However, the adoption and use of mobile health applications are often low due to inappropriate designs. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, synthesize, and report interface and persuasive feature design recommendations of mobile health applications for elderly users to facilitate adoption and improve health-related outcomes.Materials and MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus databases to identify studies that discussed and evaluated elderly-friendly interface and persuasive feature designs of mobile health applications using an elderly cohort.ResultsWe included 74 studies in our analysis. Our analysis revealed a total of 9 elderly-friendly interface design recommendations: 3 recommendations were targeted at perceptual capabilities of elderly users, 2 at motor coordination problems, and 4 at cognitive and memory deterioration. We also compiled and reported 5 categories of persuasive features: reminders, social features, game elements, personalized interventions, and health education.DiscussionOnly 5 studies included design elements that were based on theories. Moreover, the majority of the included studies evaluated the application as a whole without examining end-user perceptions and the effectiveness of each single design feature. Finally, most studies had methodological limitations, and better research designs are needed to quantify the effectiveness of the application designs rigorously.ConclusionsThis review synthesizes elderly-friendly interface and persuasive feature design recommendations for mobile health applications from the existing literature and provides recommendations for future research in this area and guidelines for designers.     

医院互联网站的设计及应用研究

目的 :探讨医院建立Internet网站的设计目标、设计方法及应用。　方法 :利用遍布全球的Internet及医院现有的人才、技术、设备等优势 ,采用了DreamWeaver 4 .0 /Flash 5 .0 /VisualInterdev 6 .0开发工具 ,MSSQL 2 0 0 0数据库 ,Windows 2 0 0 0AdvancedServer运行平台 ,建立医院自己的网站。　结果 :通过网站向全球展示医院形象、医疗特色和相关服务 ,推广医院开展的新技术、新项目 ,动态发布医疗、科研等最新信息 ,实现网上医疗咨询、远程会诊 ,构筑医患互动平台、医务人员学术交流与科研平台 ,实现医疗资源共享 ,从而建立一种新型的医院服务模式 ,提高医院的整体医疗水平 ,促进医院科研的开展和深入。　结论 :医院建立Internet网站势在必行。     

雷电电磁脉冲防护在计算机机房设计计算中的思考

本文较详尽地介绍了雷电电磁脉冲（LEMP）防护在计算机机房设计中的应用,对雷击磁场强度、设计公式及典型建筑物内首次雷击磁场强度的计算举例、量能关系作了分析,对做好计算机机房LEMP防护具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。     

Consent,sectionalisation and the concept of a medical procedure

Consent transforms an otherwise illegitimate act into a legitimate one. To be valid, however, it must be adequately informed. The legal requirement is vague and provides little assistance in predicting when it will be satisfied. This is particularly so when a patient consents to a procedure and the physician subsequently varies one of the components of that procedure. Using three legal judgments and one General Medical Council (GMC) decision as a springboard, I have explored the concept of a medical procedure within the context of consent and developed a theoretical model to elucidate a more predictable and consistent informational requirement.     

A preliminary conceptual framework for the design,development, and use of client-oriented information systems in health

Client-oriented information systems (COIS) in the health care arena are defined and discussed. The antecedents of these systems, as well as current examples of the systems, are described. Prior studies in this area suggest content for COIS but demonstrate the lack of a conceptual framework to guide the design, development, adoption, and use of these systems. The purpose of the paper is to suggest a preliminary conceptual framework for future study of COIS that draws upon concepts from the field of management information systems.