肾上腺神经鞘瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨肾上腺神经鞘瘤临床特征及其诊断、治疗和预后.方法 回顾我院4例经病理证实的肾上腺神经鞘瘤患者的病历资料、实验室的检查结果以及影像学检查情况,分析该病的临床病理特征及治疗方法.结果 本组4例均行完整的手术切除.病理确诊均为肾上腺神经鞘瘤,术后随访18月未见复发和转移.结论 肾上腺神经鞘瘤是一种良性肿瘤,临床罕见,预后良好.完整的手术切除是主要的治疗方法.     

肾上腺神经鞘瘤临床分析

目的:总结肾上腺神经鞘瘤的诊断与治疗经验,提高对该疾病的诊断及治疗水平.方法:回顾性分析5例肾上腺神经鞘瘤病人的临床资料,结合文献讨论此病的临床病理学特征以及诊治方法.结果:5例肿瘤均经手术切除,病理学证实均为肾上腺神经鞘瘤.随访1-8年均未见复发.结论:肾上腺神经鞘瘤的术前诊断困难,确诊需经病理学检查,手术切除是最佳治疗方法.本病多为良性,预后良好,但由于有局部复发的可能,长期随访十分必要.     

肾上腺神经鞘瘤的诊治(附1例报道)

肾上腺神经鞘瘤是泌尿外科罕见的肿瘤,因无特异性临床表现,且症状隐匿,误诊率很高.现回顾性分析我科收治的1例肾上腺巨大神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料,并结合相关文献资料,分析本病的临床表现、影像学、内分泌学、病理组织学特点,并探讨其治疗方法和预后.     

四肢神经鞘瘤的外科治疗

目的:分析四肢神经鞘瘤的手术治疗效果.方法:对31例四肢神经鞘瘤行肿瘤彻底切除,术后随访0.5年-3年,平均15个月.结果:全部病例均无复发;30例无任何功能障碍,1例残留部分功能障碍,经肌腱转移行功能重建后得到改善.结论:四肢神经鞘瘤行手术切除时,只要仔细剥离、耐心解剖,可完整切除、杜绝复发且可防止遗留神经功能障碍.     

肾上腺神经鞘瘤的诊断及临床特点并文献复习（附8例报告）

背景与目的：肾上腺神经鞘瘤非常少见,多为良性,缺乏特异性的临床及影像学表现。该研究通过对肾上腺神经鞘瘤的CT和MRI表现与病理对照分析,提高对肾上腺神经鞘瘤的诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的8例肾上腺神经鞘瘤患者的CT和MRI影像特征,其中4例患者仅行CT扫描,3例患者仅行MR扫描,1例患者行CT和MR扫描。并将影像学诊断结果与病理诊断结果进行对比分析。结果：5例肿瘤位于左侧肾上腺,3例位于右侧肾上腺;所有患者均未出现内分泌症状。所有8例肿瘤表现为边界清楚的类圆形、分叶状肿块,2例肿瘤见钙化,5例肿瘤伴囊变,2例肿瘤伴出血;7例肿瘤CT或MRI的强化表现为中度不均匀、延迟强化,并可见强化的包膜,4例肿瘤增强可见兔尾征。结论：肾上腺神经鞘瘤的影像及病理有一定的特征性,完整包膜、囊变、兔尾征、钙化及渐进强化等影像征象有助于提高肾上腺神经鞘瘤的诊断准确率。     

周围神经鞘瘤的临床特点和外科治疗

目的 探讨周围神经鞘瘤的临床特点、手术治疗要点及疗效.方法 2004年1月至2011年1月,采用显微外科技术对8例周围神经鞘瘤进行切除,并行术中神经电生理监测.其中男5例,女3例.年龄20～65岁,平均40.5岁.位于坐骨神经2例,腓总神经1例,胫神经1例,正中神经2例,桡神经1例,尺神经1例.肿瘤最大直径4.5～12.5cm,平均7.5cm.术前均行MRI和肌电图检查,术后所有肿瘤均经病理证实为神经鞘瘤.结果 所有病例得到随访,术后7例神经功能未受影响,随访3.5-7年,平均4.5年,无复发.1例巨大正中神经鞘瘤患者出现该神经掌侧分布区感觉迟钝,拇指掌指关节及指间关节屈曲不能,食指和中指远近指间关节屈曲力量减弱,腕关节屈曲力量减弱.术后3周神经支配区域感觉恢复,术后6个月运动功能恢复正常.结论在清楚了解神经鞘瘤解剖与临床特点的前提下,术前仔细评估肿瘤的影像学表现,应用显微外科技术在显微镜下操作,并采用术中神经电生理监测,可最大限度地切除周围神经鞘瘤,减少复发,并保留正常神经功能.     

胃神经鞘瘤11例临床病理分析

目的：探讨胃神经鞘瘤的临床特征,免疫组化特征,病理诊断及间叶性肿瘤鉴别诊断,治疗方法及预后.方法：收集11例经手术确诊胃神经鞘瘤的临床资料,并行S-100、Vim、CD34、CD117、SMA和Des检测.光镜观察,结合文献进行回顾性分析.结果：所有11病例胃镜检查均考虑胃肠道间质瘤可能性大,术前诊断都不确定,经手术获取标本,术后经病理免疫组化进一步确诊.患者女性7例、男性4例,年龄49-61岁,中位年龄52岁,3例位于胃窦,一例为远端胃大弯侧浆膜面,6例位于胃体.巨检：肿瘤直径1-6cm,平均3.5cm,均无明显包膜,切面均实性.结论胃神经鞘瘤是一类发生于胃肠道的间叶性肿瘤大多为良性,预后良好,很少有恶变及复发,影像学检查及胃镜检查缺乏特异性,诊断主要依据病理检查,镜下形态主要由梭形细胞组成,呈小束状,多排列编织状结构,小束的两端及瘤细胞之间有粗细不等的胶原纤维,间质内均见少数弥漫淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润,肿瘤周边可见淋巴细胞,＋反应带.免疫组化：vimetmin和S-100强（＋）,3例CD34少数瘤细胞灶状（＋）.结论：胃神经鞘瘤与发生于软组织部位的临床、巨检、及形态学有不同之处,镜下很难与胃肠道间质瘤、平滑肌肿瘤相鉴别,诊断主要借助免疫组化检测.手术切除是主要的治疗方式,术后注意随访.     

腹膜后良性神经鞘瘤的CT特征及鉴别诊断

目的:对少见腹膜后良性神经鞘瘤的CT特征、临床表现、病理及鉴别诊断进行分析以提高其术前诊断正确率.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的11例腹膜后良性神经鞘瘤的临床及影像资料,结合文献总结其诊治要点.结果:11例病例中,5例因患者无明显临床症状而在体检时发现,其余6例的临床症状缺乏特异性.9例病变体积较大,最大径约5~15cm,其余2例最大径约2~3cm.CT平扫肿瘤均呈囊实性,边界清晰,包膜完整,其中2例可见多发斑点状钙化.增强扫描6例病变实性部分呈条絮状轻中度渐进性强化,囊性部分无强化,囊壁及包膜轻度强化.病理证实11例病变均为腹膜后良性神经鞘瘤,经手术完整切除后随访期内未见复发.结论:腹膜后良性神经鞘瘤极少见,临床特征缺乏特异性,CT平扫结合增强检查显示腹膜后巨大囊实性肿块与隐匿的临床表现不匹配时需考虑到良性神经鞘瘤的可能,在与腹膜后其他常见肿瘤仔细甄别后方可做出正确诊断.     

肾透明细胞癌合并肾上腺神经鞘瘤1例病例报告

目的:探讨肾透明细胞癌同期合并肾上腺神经鞘瘤临床诊疗过程中的特征,以提高对肾透明细胞癌同期合并肾上腺神经鞘瘤的诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析我院一例肾透明细胞癌合并肾上腺神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料,并检索中国知网、万方等数据库,对相关文献进行分析归纳其临床特点。结果:本例患者行腹腔镜下肾根治术及肾上腺肿物切除术,术后恢复良好,随访至今未发现复发及转移。结论:肾上腺神经鞘瘤在临床上属于少见病例,同期合并肾透明细胞癌的更是罕见。此患者在诊治过程中,需要与肾癌合并肾上腺转移瘤相鉴别。患者治疗的最佳方式是手术切除,由于存在复发及转移的可能性术后应该严密随访。     

腹膜后神经鞘瘤82例临床分析

目的通过临床病例分析,了解腹膜后神经鞘瘤的临床诊治状况,提高鉴别诊断能力.方法对本组病例行临床分析.结果本组82例均行手术治疗,肿瘤全切除60例(占73.2%),次全和大部分切除13例(占15.9%),无法切除9例(占11.0%);术中探查单发肿瘤78例(占95.1%),多发4例(占4.9%).肿瘤多位于脊柱旁,呈囊实性,有包膜,表面光滑,血管丰富,界清,包膜表面可与周围组织粘连.病理结果诊为神经鞘瘤81例(占98.8%),恶性神经鞘瘤1例(占1.2%);在多发肿瘤4例中,2例(占2.4%)诊为双原发,伴随病灶为升结肠腺癌及左上肺鳞癌,术后复发1例.结论腹膜后神经鞘瘤发病率低,术前诊断困难,绝大部分为良性,恶性少见,主要治疗方法为手术治疗,恶性神经鞘瘤对放化疗不敏感,预后差.     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Antitumor activities and mechanisms of action of harringtonine and homoharringtonine

The antitumor activities and the mechanisms of action of harringtonine and homoharringtonine, alkaloids isolated from cephalotaxus hainanensis Li, were compared to those of vincristine. The results obtained were as follows: Harringtonine and homoharringtonine Significantly inhibited the growth of L1210 cells in culture. The IC50 values were similar to that of vincristine. Harringtonine and homoharringtonine had little effects on changes in the DNA histograms of FL cells at any concentrations, which suggesting that these drugs prolong the duration of each phase of the cell cycle evenly. Harringtonine and homoharringtonine had only a minor effect in arresting P388 cells in mitosis. Harringtonine significantly inhibited the DNA synthesis of P388 leukemia cells in culture, while vincristine weakly inhibited RNA and DNA synthesis. The successive treatment with harringtonine and homoharringtonine were as effective as the successive treatment with vincristine against P388 and L1210 leukemia, while both drugs were ineffective against Lewis lung carcinoma.