30例宫内发育迟缓儿童自然生长的观察

目的了解宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)儿童自然终身高水平,比较两种预测终身高的方法在IUGR儿童的准确性。方法IUGR儿童30例,其自然的近终身高(NAH)和他们双亲的平均身高采用FPH(thefi-nalheightforparentalheight)和CMH(thecorrectedmidparentalheight)方法进行统计分析。结果IUGR儿童的终身高与父母遗传身高(TH)有正相关性,未经治疗的IUGR儿童的NAH男性平均为(159.5±7.3)cm,女性为(146.8±7.1)cm,与用CMH和FPH方法预测的TH平均值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论IUGR儿童自然的平均NAH明显低于他们的TH,用CMH和FPH方法预测终身高与NAH相差甚远。     

综合干预对2～3岁语言发育迟缓儿童的智能发育影响分析

<正>语言发育迟缓是指在发育过程中的儿童其语言发育没达到与其年龄相关的水平,但是不包括由听力障碍引起的语言发育迟缓及构音障碍等其他语言障碍类型[1]。语言发育迟缓的儿童常伴有精神发育迟缓及对周围人反应发育的障碍[1],而家长往往只注意到语言落后的问题,其他方面的落后常被忽视,进而影响了儿童的全面发育。因此,探索一套行之有效的干预措施以促进语言发育迟缓儿童的全面发展,提高他们的生存质量,减轻对家庭     

3～6岁儿童弱视发生的影响因素

目的：观察3～6岁儿童弱视发生情况,并分析弱视发生的影响因素。方法：选取某院2021年3月-2021年9月接收的670例儿童,依据相关标准评估儿童弱视发生情况并分组;由研究人员设计基线资料调查问卷,由儿童父母填写,询问并记录研究所需资料,同时纳入可能的影响因素,分析影响3～6岁儿童弱视发生的相关因素。结果：670例3～6岁儿童经检测,有40例发生弱视,发生率为5.97%;发生组早产、父母长期吸烟或饮酒、近(弱)视家族遗传史、居住环境采光情况与未发生组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间其他基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经Logistic回归分析,结果显示,早产、父母长期吸烟或饮酒、有近(弱)视家族遗传史、居住环境采光差均是3～6岁儿童弱视发生的影响因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论：3～6岁儿童弱视发生可能与早产、父母长期吸烟或饮酒、有近(弱)视家族遗传史、居住环境采光差等因素有关。     

胎儿宫内生长迟缓临床治疗观察

目的 总结临床治疗胎儿宫内生长迟缓的经验.方法 应用组织细胞活化剂(ATP.CO-A,肌苷)、血管解痉剂(复方丹参注射剂)、复方氨基酸和葡萄糖注射液配伍治疗胎儿宫内生长迟缓,以宫高和胎头双顶径增长为观察指标.结果 治疗组有效率达93.8%.显著高于对照组(32%),新生儿体重治疗组为208±207g(P＜0.001).结论 配伍治疗胎儿宫内生长迟缓可明显改善围产儿预后.     

宫内发育迟缓大鼠软骨生长板生长轴变化的研究

目的研究宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）大鼠长骨生长、骨骺软骨生长板形态学和IGF-1表达的变化,探讨其生长轴受损的机制。方法采用母鼠妊娠期饥饿法建立IUGR动物模型。根据新生鼠及其生后第4周时体重和身长分为有生长追赶IUGR组、无生长追赶IUGR组和正常对照组;测量4周龄时各组幼鼠下肢长骨长度并比较胫骨生长板形态学,免疫组化法测定生长板IGF-1表达量。结果两组IUGR鼠生长板各指标（胫骨长度、股骨长度、胫骨生长板宽度、胫骨增殖期每柱细胞数）和生长板增殖期软骨细胞IGF-1表达显著小于正常对照组（均P〈0.05）,无生长追赶IUGR组更甚。结论IUGR鼠存在生长板局部GH/IGF-1轴受损伴骨生长板纵向生长障碍,无生长追赶者受损更甚,是其导致矮小症的主要机制。     

脑损伤与儿童语言发育迟缓康复现状

儿童出生前后的脑损伤可延缓语言发育并影响其发展速度。较晚的脑损伤则引起诸多语言障碍症状,任何时候的脑损伤都可以产生语言缺陷,甚至在第1个月妊娠时的脑畸型也能使语言发育在后期出现异常。     

儿童语言发育迟缓训练的研究

目的评价开展语言发育迟缓患儿的语言训练的疗效和意义,探索开展语言发育迟缓训练的模式,并建立一个科学、可行的适合训练的治疗指南和程序,使之成为常规,以期推动语言发育迟缓患儿的防治训练工作开展。方法60例语言发育迟缓患儿,按年龄分三组采用符号形式与指示内容关系方法训练辅以听觉统合、感觉统合、针灸及家庭指导3个月。结果三组患儿训练后均能取得显著疗效,总有效率达86．66％,〈4岁有效率75．00％,2岁≤年龄〈3岁与4岁≤年龄≤6岁组疗效比较差异有统计学意义。结论在基层医院开展语言训练对语言发育迟缓患儿的疗效明显,值得推广应用。     

巨大脐带血管瘤致胎儿宫内生长迟缓一例

患者22岁,困孕足月阵发性腹痛3h 于1989—12—26住院,孕期经过良好.检查:体温36℃,脉搏88次/分,血压14.7/9.3kPa,心肺(-),枕左前位,胎心138次/分,预因胎儿体重不足2500g.肛查:宫颈管消失.宫口开大5cm,儿头+1。骨盆内外测正常。宫缩良好产程顺利,于1989年12月26日7时顺产一男婴,评9′,体重1800g,无畸形.新生儿消瘦,皮肤干燥,无胎毛,胎脂少,头发细丝状,耳廓软骨已发育完整,乳头突起,睾丸下降,阴囊多皱褶,足底纹理多,是一个典型的 IUGR 儿.胎儿娩出后见一紫蓝色囊性肿物拔露于阴道口,5分钟后肿物娩出,随即胎膜胎盘完整娩出.检查肿物位于距胎盘10cm 处     

妊娠糖尿病危险因素的病例对照研究

摘要 目的：探讨妊娠糖尿病的危险因素,为以后的干预研究提供理论基础。方法：采用1：2病例对照研究的方法,研究妊娠糖尿病的危险因素,单因素采用卡方检验,多因素采用条件Logistic回归分析。结果：文化程度、孕前BMI、首珍腰围、首珍腰髋比、糖尿病家族史、高血压家族史的OR值和95%CI分别为：1.829 (1.250-2.057)、1.589 （1.247-1.900）、2.197 （1.110-4.349）、2.238 （1.798-3.920）、3.015 （1.851-5.192）、2.824（1.621-4.596）。结论：文化程度、孕前BMI、首诊腰围、首诊腰髋比、糖尿病家族史、高血压家族史是妊娠糖尿病的危险因素,以后这些人群应作为重点干预对象。 关键词 妊娠糖尿病 病例对照研究 危险因素     

饮食因素与胃癌关系的病例对照研究

目的探讨部分饮食因素与胃癌之间的关系。方法采用1∶1配对病例对照研究,收集了2005年7月~2006年8月112例胃癌新发病例和112例健康对照。对可能的饮食因素进行条件Logistic回归分析,估计其OR值及95%可信区间。结果饮酒、食用发黄大米、食用腌制食品、食用熏烤食品可能增加胃癌的发病危险;饮茶、食用水果、食用新鲜蔬菜、食用大蒜可能是胃癌的保护因素。结论胃癌的发生与多种饮食因素有关,应该采取一些积极的措施来改变人群的饮食习惯素,以减少胃癌的发病率。     

Growth retardation of fetal rats exposed to nicotine in utero: possible involvement of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein

To elucidate the possible metabolic mechanism of intrauterine growth retardation induced by nicotine, this study determines the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on fetal development and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in maternal liver and placenta. Pregnant rats were given 1.0 mg/kg nicotine subcutaneously twice a day from gestational day (GD) 8 to GD 15, 18, or 21. In nicotine-treated groups, fetal developmental parameters including body weight were significantly lower. The activities of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in maternal liver microsomes in nicotine-treated groups increased significantly with progressing gestation when compared with the corresponding control, but returned to the level similar to the control in late pregnancy. Nicotine-treated groups induced pathological changes and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the placenta when compared with the control. The gene expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in the placenta increased significantly in nicotine-treated groups on GD 15 and GD 18, but returned to the level similar to the corresponding control on GD 21. In nicotine group, there was a decrease of mdr1a expression on GD 15, GD 18, and GD 21, with the most significant decrease on GD 15. In contrast, no significant difference was found in mdr1b mRNA expression between the nicotine-treated animals and the corresponding control. In comparison with the corresponding control, the placental Pgp protein significantly decreased on GD 15 and GD 18. Our results showed that prenatal nicotine exposure resulted in inhibition of fetal growth significantly. The induction of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 gene expression by nicotine in the maternal liver and placenta may be involved with the observed increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The inhibition of the placental Pgp expression by nicotine may also contribute to an increased susceptibility of the fetus to environmental toxins.     

No association between vulvovaginitis-bacterial vaginosis,related drug treatments of pregnant women,and congenital abnormalities in their offspring — A population-based case-control study

The possible association between prospectively and medically recorded vulvovaginitis-bacterial vaginosis (VV-BV) and different congenital abnormalities (CA) has not been studied. The data set of the population-based Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities between 1980 and 1996 were evaluated, i.e. 22,843 pregnant women who had newborns or fetuses with congenital abnormality (cases) and 38,151 pregnant women who delivered newborn babies without any congenital abnormality (controls). The main outcome measures were different congenital abnormalities. Of 22,843 cases with CA, 1,536 (6.7%) had mothers with VV-BV, while of 38,151 matched controls without CA, 2,698 (7.1%) had mothers with VV-BV in the second and/or third gestational month of pregnancy. Nearly all pregnant women with VV-BV were treated during pregnancy, but a higher risk for the total group of CAs (adjusted POR with 95% CI: 0.95, 0.89–1.02) or any CA group was not found. In addition, the risk for total CAs was significantly lower in cases born to mothers with VV-BV and appropriate treatment than born to mothers with VV-BV but without treatment. Thus maternal VV-BV needs treatment during pregnancy as well, because it helps reduce the rate of preterm birth without a risk for CAs.     

Sudden unexpected death in infants under 3 months of age and vaccination status- -a case-control study

AIMS: To determine whether DTPP+Hib vaccination (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis +/- haemophilus) increased the risk of sudden unexpected death (SUD) in children under 3 months of age. METHODS: We conducted a multicentre case-control study in the 28 French 'SIDS Centers'. Case selection was based on death labelled sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) of an infant aged between 30 and 90 days. Three living controls were selected, matched for sex, gestational age and born immediately after the victim in the same maternity unit. RESULTS: We identified 114 cases of SUD aged between 30 and 90 days and 341 live controls matched for age and sex and born in the same maternity unit as the case. DTPP+/-Hib immunization did not increase the risk of SUD (OR 1.08) (95% CI 0.49, 2.36) in children under 3 months of age when adjusted for sleeping position, illness in the week before death, maternal tobacco consumption, birth weight, type of mattress, breastfeeding and sex. However, low birth-weight (6.53 [2.29, 18.9]), multiple birth (5.1 [1.76, 15.13]), no breastfeeding (1.77 [1.1, 2.85]), prone sleeping position (9.8 [5, 8, 18, 9]), soft mattress (3.26 [1.69, 6.29]), recent illness (3.44 [1.84, 6.41]) and parental smoking (1.74 [1.2, 2.96]) were confirmed as risk factors in early SIDS. CONCLUSIONS: DTPP+/-Hib immunization is not a risk factor for early SUD. In this population, we found the same risk factors as described for SIDS.     

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and upper gastrointestinal bleeding,a post-marketing surveillance case-control study

A post-marketing surveillance case-control study was set up and applied in an Italian hospital network to quantify the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) and exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). During the period of study 441 cases of UGB and 1323 controls were recruited. The odds ratios associated with NSAIDs use were estimated for intake occurring over two different periods of time prior to hospital admission (i.e. during the preceding week and month). A strong association emerged for aspirin intake, both in the week (OR_MLR = 11.2; 95% CI 7.8–16.9) and in the month (OR_MLR = 6.9; 95% CI 4.6–10.2) preceding hospital admission. A significant increase in the risk of UGB and use of diclofenac, naproxen and ibuprofen, and indomethacin was also found in the two exposure periods considered, while for piroxicam a significant association was only apparent in the analysis of 1-month exposure. As expected, paracetamol and pyrazolone derivatives were not associated with UGB. This pilot experience has shown the feasibility of setting up a multicentre post-marketing surveillance programme and of establishing a network for drug monitoring within the Italian National Health Service, capable of providing a thorough evaluation of the benefit/risk profile of drugs.     

宫内发育迟缓儿与胰岛素样生长因子-1和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3关系的研究

目的研究宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）儿与胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3（IGFBP-3）的关系。方法用放射免疫法测定该院及复旦大学附属妇产科医院确诊的宫内发育迟缓儿（92例）和同期正常出生体重儿（AGA）（32例）脐血IGF-1和IGFBP-3的水平。结果IUGR组IGF-1为（29．2±26．5）μg／L，IGFBP-3为（1364．7±703．5）μg／L，对照组分别为（61．1±56．4）μg／L、（2344．7±1573．3）μg／L，两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论IGF-1和IGFBP-3对胎儿的生长发育起着重要的调节作用。     

保胆取石术后结石复发危险因素病例对照研究

目的 探讨保胆取石术后结石复发可能的危险因素.方法 采用完全随机化病例对照设计.从保胆取石术后随访满1年的患者里随机抽取胆囊结石复发病例和未复发病例,进行回顾性统计分析.结果 经单因素Logistic回归分析,按OR值大小排列,结石复发危险因素为:结石数量多、胆囊黏膜下结石、胆石症阳性家族史、油腻饮食、缺乏锻炼、年龄;...     

农村1-5岁留守儿童行为饮食问题的调查分析

目的 观察农村留守儿童行为饮食的问题及影响因素.方法 采用调查问卷形式,对广东省云浮市新兴县1500名1～5岁留守儿童的家庭资料、儿童饮食行为问题以及儿童抚养人的喂养行为问题进行调查.结果 70.1％的留守儿童存在饮食行为问题,其中22％挑食;20％偏食;18％拒食;40％有不良进食习惯.家庭月收入、监护人文化水平、父母离家时儿童年龄及一年中与父母相聚时间都是基层留守儿童行为饮食问题的危险因素.结论 基层留守儿童饮食行为问题较多,父母在儿童的早期最好避免与其长期分离,将有助于缓解基层留守儿童行为饮食问题.     

3～14岁儿童哮喘危险因素病例对照研究

目的：研究引起3～14岁儿童哮喘的危险因素,为临床预防、诊断、治疗儿童哮喘提供依据。方法：选取2009年1月～2011年3月到本院就诊并确诊为儿童哮喘的患者120例,同时从2011年1～3月到本院进行体检的儿童中选取120例作为对照组。采用回顾性分组对比研究的方法,将两组中的儿童根据年龄、居住地区等进行1：1形成匹配组,同时结合调查问卷的方法,对所有儿童的个体特质、遗传因素、生活习惯、环境因素、母孕期疾病史等相关信息进行采集,并对数据进行统计分析。结果：经过统计分析,得到7个高危因素,11个危险因素。高危因素分别是母亲妊娠期有妊娠高血压综合征、患儿有过敏性鼻炎、家族史、湿疹史、上呼吸道感染次数、过敏史、母亲妊娠期有早孕反应。结论：掌握高危因素及危险因素,并进行预防和治疗,可以有效防止儿童哮喘。