47,XY,+22和46,XX,-21,ter rea(21;21)两例染色体异常

例1男，2个月，因“新生儿败血症，26小时无大小便”入院。患儿系第2胎，42周孕，因羊水少行剖腹产，否认窒息抢救史。查体：体温38．5℃，脉搏130次／分，呼吸60次／分。神清，小头，下颌内收，面部怪异。皮肤中度黄染，双眼内眦可见红斑及赘皮，斜视，口唇微绀，腭弓高拱。双耳位低，耳前赘生物，两肺呼吸音粗，心前区可闻及Ⅲ Sm杂音，脐周红，无物分泌。小阴茎，右侧未触及睾丸，右手肘外翻，肌张力低下，双手通贯掌。     

巨细胞病毒肝炎患儿一例

病例：患儿，女，13岁，患儿平素身体健康，发热7天，体温39℃左右，发热3天后出现腹痛，巩膜黄染，在当地医院未确定诊断来我院．查体精神不振，巩膜轻度黄染，咽部红肿，浅表淋巴结不肿大，心率80次／min，心音有力，双肺呼吸音清，腹软：肝左肋下2．0cm，脾未及，皮肤未见有皮疹及出血点，神经系统检查脑膜刺激症阴性，病理反射未引出射出．     

养生长寿靠“十伴”

养生延年，“十伴”有神效，读者朋友，不妨一试。助人为乐，忠厚仁慈，得理让人，万事通达，乐善好施，心胸宽广，由此必然心理平衡，神经和内分泌系统调节功能也会处于最佳状态，从而身体健康，命长寿高。     

脑面部血管瘤病1例报告

病例：患儿，女，6月，主因间断抽搐1天，于2007—06—29来我院就诊。患儿于2007—03—29无明显诱因出现抽搐，表现为双眼向左斜视，口角向左歪斜，左侧肢体抽动，右侧肢体无抽动，意识尚清晰，无口周青紫，无二便失禁，抽搐持续2～3min后自行缓解，共间断抽搐5次，无发热，无呕吐、腹泻，未治疗即来我院就诊，门诊以“癫痫”收住我科。患儿发病以来，精神不振，饮食、睡眠尚可，大小便正常。患儿为足月顺产，无外伤及手术史。入院时查体：体温36．8℃，体格发育正常，意识清晰，前囟平坦，张力正常，右侧面部可见大片状血管痣，无隆起于皮肤，呈紫红色，压可褪色，其余皮肤处未见血管痣，颈软无抵抗，心肺腹及神经系统无阳性体征。     

地震救护专业知识（三）

1出血：小出血，不可怕，可包扎；大出血，先压迫，再结扎；休克者，先输血，再转运。 2颅脑损伤：清口腔，头偏侧，防窒息；鼻出血，勿填塞，免感染；勤观察，先神志，再体征。 3颈髓损伤：颈髓伤，必固定，勿摆动。     

难道不值得高兴吗？

有人觉得，快乐与丰厚的物质有关，即财富越多，快乐越多，财富越少，快乐越少；也有人认为，快乐与所处的环境有关，即环境越好，快乐越多，环境越差，快乐越少。而事实上，快乐与物质无关，与环境无关，只与我们的心灵相关。     

尤文肉瘤EWS-FLI1蛋白融合区的二级结构及B细胞表位的预测

目的：预测尤文肉瘤EWS—FLI1蛋白融合区的二级结构及B细胞表位。方法：采用SOPM／SOPMA法、Chou—Fasman法和Karplus—Schulz法预测EWS-FLI1蛋白的二级结构；综合分析蛋白的柔性结构、亲水性、表面可及性与抗原性，通过预测数据再确定EWS—FLI1蛋白融合区的抗原表位。结果：EWS—FLI1蛋白的二级结构主要为柔性区域，位于EWS—FLI1蛋白N端5．23-30，32，36-49，62，69—100，118．123，128．132，135，137．170，173—179，183—271，276-286，291—301，317—319，328—331，346—353．396-400，407-408，426-438区段；α螺旋位于N端10—15，34，55，106—107，306—316，340—345，359—362，386，392区段；β折叠位于N端20，22，50—52，65-67，102—107，272，274，289—290，323，325-327，371-375，380-384，422-424，446—447区段；B细胞表位位于N端69-79，99—114，128—152，167．171，194-208，248—265，397-406区段，融合区B细胞表位位于N端248—265区段。结论：应用多参数预测EWS—FLI1蛋白融合区的二级结构与B细胞表位，为蛋白特征及复合表位疫苗的进一步研制奠定了基础。     

血液透析治愈鱼胆中毒引起急性肾功能衰竭一例

患者，男性，28岁。因“乏力、纳差伴呕吐、尿黄5d”入院。患者于5d前食入一颗鱼胆，约3h后出现恶心，呕吐，腹痛，解黄色稀水便，继之出现尿黄，尿少，在当地医院拟胆囊炎治疗效果不好。查体：体温37．3℃，脉搏102次／min，呼吸20次/min,血压100／70mmHg，神志清，精神萎，面色黄，全身皮肤有黄染，巩膜有黄染，双肺呼吸音清晰，心率102次／min，心律齐。腹平软，肝肋下1．0cm，剑突下2．50m，质I°表面光滑，边钝，肝区叩痛明显，     

勿将“傻子”当“疯子”

小明今年18岁了，自幼内向，怕见生人，不好与人交往，连与父母话也不多。他从小自理能力差，玩具乱堆乱放，至今不会洗衣服，只能简单洗漱。上小学前小明做过智力测验，比正常孩子差。他小学成绩中等，数学较差，语文较好，还能参加作文比赛，但考上了一所普通中学后，成绩一落千丈，成为班上倒数几名，数学只能拿二三十分，语文勉强能及格。小明很少与同学交往，表现孤僻，没有朋友，放学后经常受人欺负，被男同学殴打，挨打后他总是忍气吞声，不告诉家长。     

二例异常染色体核型及临床报道

病例：例1：女，17岁，因无月经来诊治。母亲介绍，出生时体重2kg，母乳喂养，但体质差，经常生病。查：身高135cm，体重32kg，儿童型脸，发际不低，无颈蹼，甲状腺（-），心肺（-），双侧乳头距离较宽，乳房未发育，双肘外翻，腹部未发现异常，外阴无阴毛，未发育。X光检查：骨龄与年龄相符，骨龄未闭，其余未发现异常。盆腔B超发现：子宫为始基型，双侧卵巢未显示。     

中药抗突变实验研究

本文从1984年起分别以C57纯种小鼠的骨髓细胞和人外周血淋巴细胞为实验材料，用公认的诱变剂环磷酰胺(CPP)诱发的姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)，微核(MN)升高作指标，对大量中草药进行实验，已筛选出部分补气药或相关物以及各种人参的有效成分或单体具有抗突变作用。     

补气养血方药对环磷酰胺诱发的微核的抑制作用

本文在补气单味药抗变实验研究的基础上，以人外周血淋巴细胞为材料，以微核（ＭＮ）为指标，对补气养血方药继续实验。结果表明，补血方药、圣逾汤、八珍汤、十全大补汤、养容汤这五种补气养血方药除了养容汤的剂量组Ⅰ外其余对环磷酰胺诱发的微核均有抑制作用。     

Sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes from women with carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) are reciprocal exchanges between sister chromatids. It has been reported that in patients with cervical cancer, the frequency of SCE in peripheral lymphocytes is significantly higher than that in normal individuals; however, other studies have shown no significant difference. The aim of this unmatched case-control study was to compare the mean number of SCE per metaphase in lymphocytes from women with and without carcinoma of the cervix uteri. The SCE specimens were prepared by the fluorescence plus giemsa technique in peripheral lymphocytes from 28 women with carcinoma of cervix uteri and 28 controls. The mean number of SCE per metaphase in women with carcinoma of cervix uteri (7.80 +/- 1.05) was higher than the control group (6.98 +/- 1.13) (P < 0.05; t-test). This study had a statistical power of 0.80 and an alpha value of 0.05. This finding suggests that an increased number of SCE in peripheral lymphocytes is associated with cervical cancer. We consider that the lack of reported association of SCE and cervical cancer might be attributed to the none determination of the statistical power and sample size.     

Increased sensitivity to mitomycin C-induced sister chromatid exchange in lymphocytes from patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Treatment of cells with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) results in the generation of reactive oxygen species and the induction of DNA damage. In the present study, we have evaluated the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in lymphocytes from patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). In addition, we have determined the sensitivity of lymphocytes from those patients to SCE induction by 20 and 40 ng/ml mitomycin C (MMC). Patients undergoing HBOT for diabetic feet were exposed to 10 consecutive daily HBO treatments according to a routine therapy protocol. The study began with 12 patients; however, it was not possible to sample all of the patients at all HBOT sessions, and the number of patients gradually decreased towards the end of the HBOT. We observed a statistically significant induction in mean SCE/cell (P < 0.05; n = 11) immediately after the first session of HBOT. Relative to its frequency after the 1st treatment, the mean SCE frequency gradually decreased after the 5th and 10th HBOT sessions and reached baseline (pretherapy) levels 1 day after the last treatment in the four patients that were sampled. The mean MMC-induced SCE frequency was highest in lymphocytes sampled immediately after the first HBOT session, and significantly higher than the MMC-induced SCE frequency in cells sampled before HBOT. Unlike the case with untreated cells, MMC-induced SCE frequencies remained high in lymphocytes sampled at later stages of therapy and mean MMC-induced SCE frequencies were significantly higher (P < 0.05; n = 4) in lymphocytes sampled 1 day after the last session of HBOT than in lymphocytes sampled from these patients prior to beginning the therapy. The results indicate that HBOT induces SCE and that lymphocytes retain increased sensitivity to the genotoxicity of MMC one day after completing the HBOT.     

White blood cell sister chromatid exchange among a sample of Thai subjects exposed to toluene, an observation

There is a particular concern with toluene because some research has indicated that toluene exposure could result in chronic toxicity including mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. This study aimed to determine the rate of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), a marker for genotoxicity, and its correlation to the classical urine biomarker for toluene exposure, urine hippuric acid, among a sample of Thai exposed subjects. A total of 26 police (all males) were included in this study. The average (mean +/- SD) urine hippuric acid level in these police was 0.8 +/- 0.4 mg/g creatinine. The average (mean +/- SD) SCE level in these police was 4.5 +/- 1.0/cell. The average SCE among the police with high urine hippuric acid levels was non-significantly higher than the average SCE level of those without (P = 0.41). This implies that the cytogenetic response to toluene was not different between the subjects with and without high toluene exposure. High exposure to toluene seems not to be related to high SCE.     

Different effects of mutagens on sister chromatid exchange induction in three Chinese hamster cell lines

The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction of mutagens with different mechanisms of action was comparatively investigated on permanent cell lines of the Chinese hamster (CHO, V-79, and DON) with and without exogenous metabolic activation and with the use of various experimental protocols. CHO and V-79 cells were treated with ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), a direct mutagen; with the two indirect mutagens cyclophosphamide (CP) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP); as well as with the radical former hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Aside from an increased basal SCE level and a higher bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) sensitivity, there was no decisive difference between CHO and V-79 cells. However, there was a distinct relationship between SCE induction and the experimental protocol used, which was most pronounced after HU treatment. Neither cell line was able to metabolize the indirect mutagen BP. Only in CHO cells did CP lead to increased SCE frequencies. However, in all cases, the simultaneous application of S9 mix produced a distinct SCE induction. In contrast, BP caused SCE induction in DON cells, whereas CP was not metabolized. The reason for these findings must obviously be sought in the metabolization of CP and BP via different monooxygenase systems, whose activity can differ in these permanent cell lines. One notable finding was that the number of SCE induced by H2O2 could be distinctly reduced by the simultaneous application of S9 mix. This effect can be explained by the fact that S9 mix contains H2O2-degrading enzymes. The results indicate that closely related cell lines differ in their capability for inducing SCE and that investigations of SCE inductions performed on only one cell line do not necessarily produce a representative response.     

Temperature-dependence of sister chromatid exchange: An implication for its mechanism

To obtain some insight into the mechanism for spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE), the effect of temperature on the incidence of SCE was studied by culturing Chinese hamster cells at various temperatures. The frequency of SCE increases fivefold when the incubation temperature was raised from 31 to 42°C; this increase was strictly temperature dependent. An Arrhenius plot of the SCE frequency indicated that the formation of SCE was enhanced greatly when the temperature was raised above 39°C. Cell growth at temperatures higher than 39°C also caused a marked elongation of the DNA synthetic phase. A working hypothesis was proposed that spontaneous SCE might result from a cooperative of processes involved in repair of spontaneous DNA damage and DNA replication.     

Sister chromatid exchanges in the lymphocytes of control women, pregnant women, and women taking oral contraceptives: effects of cell culture temperature

The incidence of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was investigated in the lymphocytes of control women, pregnant women, and women using oral contraceptives after culture at 37 degrees C and 40 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, the mean frequency of SCE (MEAN +/- S.E.) was found to be 7.91 +/- 0.30 in pregnant women and 8.53 +/- 0.29 in oral contraceptive users which were significantly higher than the SCE value of 5.56 +/- 0.21 found in control women. Increase in growth temperature to 40 degrees C elevated the SCE frequency to 11.86 +/- 0.44 in pregnant women, 12.76 +/- 0.46 in oral contraceptive users and 7.24 +/- 0.26 in control women. These data indicate that there is a differential induction of SCEs following increased cell culture temperature in the lymphocytes of pregnant women and oral contraceptive users, compared with control women.     

Aging and sister chromatid exchange. VIII. Effect of the aging environment on sister chromatid exchange induction and cell cycle kinetics in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. A brief note

To examine the effect of an aging environment on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction, Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells were introduced into young and old C57BL/6J mice. Background SCE levels were not significantly different in either EAT cell or normal bone marrow cell populations between young and old animals. Despite a decline in SCE induction in bone marrow cells in older mice at high mitomycin C concentrations, SCE induction in EAT cells was not significantly affected by the age of the animal. These findings suggest that the aging environment may not play a major role in the diminished SCE induction observed in old cell populations.     

叶巢外睾吸虫在天然贝类宿主体内发育及生活史的观察

本文报告叶巢外睾吸虫 ( Exorchis ovariolobularis)幼虫期人工感染图氏窄口螺 ( Stenothyratoucheana) ,在其体中发育的全过程。从实验螺获得的本吸虫成熟尾蚴 ,在实验室内经实验小鱼获得囊蚴。用囊蚴感染阴性鲶鱼 ( Parasilurusasotus) ,获得本吸虫的童虫和成虫。由此证明图氏窄口螺是本吸虫的适宜的贝类宿主。叶巢外睾吸虫是寄生在闽江下游的鲶鱼肠道 ,闽江两岸河畔有大量图氏窄口螺孳生栖息 ,但没有钉螺。已故唐仲璋教授早年在福州闽江已发现鲶鱼肠中的外睾吸虫成虫及在图氏窄口螺体中的本吸虫尾蚴 ,绘有草图 ,并推测该尾蚴可能是外睾吸虫的幼虫期。本文实验证实了他的推断。证明图氏窄口螺是福建闽江鲶鱼的叶巢外睾吸虫的天然贝类宿主。该地区本吸虫天然流行的具体情况有待进一步调查