养精胶囊通过调控StAR启动子促进睾酮合成的研究

目的探讨养精胶囊促进睾丸间质(Leydig)细胞合成睾酮(T)功能的具体作用机制。方法在Leydig细胞(MLTC-1细胞系)中加入不同剂量养精胶囊提取液24 h后,用化学发光法检测细胞上清T浓度;用免疫荧光显微镜分析类固醇快速调节蛋白(StAR)的表达情况;用RT-PCR及Western blot法测StAR mRNA及蛋白质的表达;用双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测StAR启动子的活性。结果低、中、高剂量养精胶囊提取液作用24 h后,均可以促进MLTC-1细胞合成睾酮的功能;养精胶囊提取液可以促进MLTC-1细胞StAR免疫荧光的表达;养精胶囊提取液可以促进MLTC-1细胞StAR mRNA和蛋白质的表达;养精胶囊提取液可以提高MLTC-1细胞中StAR启动子的活性。结论养精胶囊能通过调控Leydig细胞中StAR启动子的活性,促进StAR mRNA和蛋白的表达,进而提高睾酮合成的功能。     

Cox7a2对睾酮合成及StAR、P450scc和3β-HSD蛋白表达影响研究

目的研究Cox7a2在TM3小鼠睾丸Leyidg细胞中过农达对LH诱导的睾酮合成及对StAR(睾酮合成调节关键蛋白),P450scc(胆同醇侧链裂解酶),3β—HSD(3β-羟基甾脱氢酶)蛋白表达的影响。方法构建Cox7a2荧光表达载体,转染TM3小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞,融合蛋白表达及LH诱导刺激后,ELISA测定细胞上清液中睾酮含量,Western blot检测StAR蛋白、P450scc和3β-HSD酶的表达变化。结果Cox7a2在TM3小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中过表达抑制LH诱导的睾酮合成,降低StAR蛋白的表达,对P450scc和3β-HSD的蛋白表达没有明显影响。结论在TM3小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中,Cox7a2至少通过抑制类固醇快速调节蛋白StAR的表达,进而抑制LH诱导的睾酮合成。     

植物雌激素对体外培养的大鼠睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的作用

目的:研究植物雌激素(大豆苷元、染料木素)对睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的刺激作用,并初步研究其可能的分子作用机制。方法:采用Percoll不连续密度梯度离心,分离获得3月龄Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠的睾丸间质细胞。以人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)为阳性对照药物,测定不同浓度(0、0.02、0.1、0.5、1、5μmol/L)大豆苷元、染料木素对睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的影响。RT-PCR检测睾酮生物合成过程中胆固醇侧链裂解酶细胞色素P450(P450scc)的表达。结果:0.1μmol/L的染料木素能显著刺激原代大鼠睾丸间质细胞的睾酮分泌,RT-PCR结果显示染料木素能显著上调睾酮合成过程中P450sccmRNA的表达。在较高浓度下(5μmol/L),大豆苷元和染料木素均能抑制睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮。结论:染料木素在低浓度下(0.1μmol/L)显著促进睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮,但随着浓度的增加(5μmol/L),大豆苷元和染料木素均显著抑制Leydig细胞的睾酮分泌。     

非酶糖基化终末产物抑制大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞睾酮的生成

目的:研究非酶糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)在大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞上的表达及非酶糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞睾酮合成的抑制作用。方法:原代培养大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞,RT-PCR和免疫荧光技术检测RACE在大鼠Leydig细胞上表达,不同浓度AGEs处理Leydig细胞(25、50、100、200μg/ml),ELISA法测定睾酮分泌量。结果:RT-PCR和免疫荧光结果表明RAGE在大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞上表达,不同浓度AGEs处理后,人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)诱导的Leydig细胞睾酮合成量呈剂量浓度依赖性下降,与对照组相比,50、100、200μg/ml AGEs处理组差异显著(P0.01)。结论:大鼠Leydig细胞上存在RAGE受体,AGEs显著抑制原代培养大鼠Leydig细胞睾酮的分泌。     

邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯诱导人卵巢颗粒细胞系KGN细胞铁死亡的作用研究

目的 研究邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(MEHP)是否诱导人卵巢颗粒细胞系KGN细胞铁死亡并影响其增殖。方法 取对数增长期的人卵巢颗粒细胞系KGN细胞，给予不同浓度(0、100、200、400、800、1 600μmol/L)MEHP处理24 h。通过普通光镜观察不同浓度MEHP处理后KGN细胞形态的改变；用CCK-8检测MEHP对细胞活力和增殖能力的影响；采用蛋白免疫印迹(WB)观察铁死亡相关蛋白(ACSL4、GPX4、SLC7A11、FTH1)在KGN细胞中的表达情况；使用细胞铁含量检测试剂盒、丙二醛(MDA)含量检测试剂盒、活性氧(ROS)荧光探针(DCFH-DA)及超氧化物阴离子荧光探针(DHE)分别检测对照组和400μmol/L MEHP处理组细胞的铁含量、MDA、ROS和超氧化物阴离子水平。结果 (1)光镜观察显示，400μmol/L及以上MEHP处理使KGN细胞皱缩变圆，形态异常。(2)CCK-8结果显示400μmol/L及以上MEHP处理抑制细胞增殖，且具有剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。(3)100、200μmol/L MEHP处理组KGN细胞铁死亡相关蛋白表达无...     

DEHP对宫内仔鼠睾酮水平、IGF-1和 StAR mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量的邻苯二甲酸二(乙基)己酯(DEHP)对宫内期仔鼠睾酮水平及胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白(StAR)基因表达的影响.方法 雌性S-D大鼠24只,随机均分为4组:正常组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组.后三组给予不同剂量的DEHP灌胃,剂量分别为(10mg/kg·d-1)、(100mg/kg·d-1)、和(750mg/kg·d-1),时间自雌鼠怀孕后第一天开始至仔鼠出生后第一天止.正常组给予等剂量的玉米油.测量各组雄仔出生时肛门生殖器距离(AGD)和血清睾酮(T)水平;并用光镜和电镜观察仔鼠睾丸Leydig细胞形态学改变;Real-timePCR检测睾丸组织中IGF-1和StARmRNA表达水平.结果 与正常组比较,高剂量组AGD明显缩短,中剂量组AGD呈下降趋势;低剂量组T水平升高、中高剂量组T水平降低;低、中、高剂量组StARmRNA表达下降;低剂量组IGF-1mRNA表达升高,中、高剂量组表达下降.光镜下见随着剂量的升高,睾丸Leydig细胞聚集越明显,高剂量组Leydig细胞呈瘤样聚集;电镜下见低剂量组Leydig细胞线粒体和滑面内质网增多,中、高剂量组均减少,并见脂滴增加.结论 DEHP可以影响富内仔鼠睾酮的合成,不同剂量具有不同的效应,其机制可能与DEHP影响IGF-1和StARmRNA表达有关.     

自噬信号因子P70S6K参与Cox7a2调控睾酮生成机制研究

目的:研究Cox7a2对TM3 Leydig细胞睾酮生成的影响以及涉及其中的自噬调控信号的作用。方法:构建Cox7a2荧光表达载体,转染TM3 Leydig细胞。ELISA测定睾酮水平,Western印迹检测Cox7a2对睾酮合成快速调节蛋白StAR表达和自噬调控因子P70S6K磷酸化水平的影响。结果:在TM3 Leydig细胞中,LH刺激能增加促进StAR蛋白表达,增加睾酮合成水平。Cox7a2在TM3小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中抑制P70S6K磷酸化水平,降低StAR蛋白的表达,进而抑制LH诱导的睾酮合成。结论:Cox7a2通过抑制快速调节蛋白StAR的表达减少LH诱导的睾酮分泌,这至少和Cox7a2抑制自噬调控因子P70S6K有关。     

壬基酚对体外培养大鼠睾丸间质细胞分泌雄激素影响的研究

目的:探讨壬基酚(NP)对大鼠睾丸间质细胞分泌雄激素的影响。方法:建立体外培养大鼠睾丸间质细胞原代培养体系,并采用3β-HSD染色对间质细胞进行鉴定;以不同浓度的NP(分别为较低浓度0.005、0.015、0.025、0.05、0.1μmol/L及稍高浓度0.5、5.0、10.0、15.0、25.0μmol/L)作用于间质细胞,采用3β-HSD染色观察间质细胞形态的变化,并检测间质细胞分泌睾酮含量的变化。结果:间质细胞经NP处理后,细胞形态发生变化,细胞密度降低,NP作用浓度达到25μmol/L时,细胞发生裂解。0.005及0.015μmol/L NP处理后,间质细胞睾酮分泌量增加,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。NP浓度达到0.5μmol/L后,睾酮分泌量与对照组相比显著下降(P<0.05),且当NP浓度为5,10,15,25μmol/L时睾酮分泌量下降极为明显(P<0.01)。结论:低浓度NP能促进间质细胞分泌睾酮,而高浓度NP抑制睾酮分泌,且高浓度NP能诱导间质细胞坏死。     

睾丸间质细胞内调控StAR影响睾酮合成因素的研究进展

<正>StAR(steroidogenic acute regulatory)是睾丸间质细胞(Leydig cells)内促进胆固醇作为睾酮合成前体从线粒体外膜转运至内膜的关键因子~([1,2]),胆固醇在StAR的调控下通过线粒体外膜TSPO(translocator protein)与VDAC1(voltage-dependent anion channel1)进入线粒体内膜,再经CYP11A1(cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1)裂解其侧链成为孕烯醇酮,孕烯醇酮经线粒体与内质网内的     

老年大鼠睾丸间质细胞形态及睾酮合成功能变化的研究

目的 探讨衰老对睾丸间质细胞的形态及功能的影响.方法 青年(3月龄)及老年(24月龄)清洁级雄性SD大鼠各10只,麻醉后取血清检测总睾酮浓度,取睾丸组织用HE染色观察睾丸组织形态学变化,并用电镜观察睾丸间质细胞的超微结构改变.通过密度梯度离心分离原代睾丸间质细胞,并用LH刺激睾酮分泌后用Western blot比较青年组和老年组睾丸间质细胞类固醇合成快速调节蛋白(steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,StAR)表达水平的差异,并用ELISA法检测其睾酮分泌的差异.结果 HE染色显示老年大鼠睾丸呈老年退行性改变,电镜下观察到老年大鼠睾丸间质细胞线粒体水肿,线粒体嵴消失.老年大鼠血清睾酮水平显著低于青年组(P＜ 0.05).原代培养的睾丸间质细胞无论LH刺激与否,老年组细胞上清中睾酮浓度及StAR蛋白表达水平均显著低于青年组(LH刺激时P＜0.01,无LH刺激时P＜0.05).结论 衰老造成的睾丸间质细胞线粒体水肿及LH诱导的StAR蛋白表达水平下降与其睾酮合成能力降低密切相关.     

Short-term effects of di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate on testes,liver, kidneys and pancreas in mice

Aim： To determine the biochemical effect of di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） on testes, liver, kidneys and pancreas on day 10 in the process of degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium. Methods： Diets containing 2% DEHP were given to male Crlj：CDI（ICR） mice for 10 days. The dose of DEHP was 0.90±0.52 mg/mouse/day. Their testes, livers, kidneys and pancreata were examined for detection of mono-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （MEHP）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） produced by peroxidation of nitric oxide （NO） with free radicals, and lipid peroxidation induced by the chain reaction of free radicals. Results： Histological observation and serum analysis showed the presence of severe sperrnatogenic disturbance, Leydig cell dysfunction, liver dysfunction and dehydration. Unexpectedly, the concentration of MEHP in the testes was extremely low compared with that in the liver. However, the concentration of the NOx in the testes was as high as the hepatic concentration. Furthermore, free radical-induced lipid peroxidation was histochemically detected in the testes but not in the liver. Conclusion： The results indicate that DEHP-induced aspermatogenesis is caused by the high sensitivity of the testicular tissues to MEHP rather than the specific accumulation or uptake of circulating MEHP into the testes.     

Urinary concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites and serum reproductive hormones: pooled analysis of fertile and infertile men

Urinary concentrations of metabolites of the anti-androgenic xenobiotic di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were previously shown to be weakly associated with serum levels of several hormones in 2 disparate US populations: partners of pregnant women participating in the Study for Future Families and partners in infertile couples from Massachusetts General Hospital infertility clinic. The observed associations between phthalate metabolites and reproductive hormones were robust and insensitive to the characteristics of the subpopulation or the laboratory in which the hormones were measured, despite the fact that these 2 populations span a range of fertility, urinary phthalate metabolites, and reproductive hormone levels. We therefore examined associations between urinary metabolites of DEHP and reproductive hormones-follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone (T), inhibin B, and estradiol (E(2))-and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the pooled population. The magnitude of the associations seen were similar to those reported for each population separately, but effect estimates were more precise because of the increased sample size and the greater range of phthalate metabolite concentrations and hormone levels. Urinary concentrations of 3 metabolites of DEHP [mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)] were inversely associated with the free androgen index (FAI = T/SHBG) and calculated free testosterone. Urinary concentrations of MEHHP and MEOHP were positively associated with SHBG, and MEHP was inversely associated with E(2). No other phthalate metabolites were associated with serum hormones, consistent with results in each population. Our results in this diverse population suggest that DEHP exposure is robustly associated with some male sex steroid hormones.     

Effects of varicocele on testosterone, apoptosis and expression of StAR mRNA in rat Leydig cells

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of varicocele on the morphology and function of Leydig cells in the rat testis. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the experimental group underwent surgery to create a left varicocele (VC), and the control group underwent a sham operation. Serum testosterone and intratesticular testosterone levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay after 4 and 8 weeks of operation. Leydig cells were studied for apoptosis and expression of steroidogenetic acute regulatory (StAR) protein mRNA levels. Serum testosterone levels declined after 4 and 8 weeks of operation but were not significant (P>0.05). However, the intratesticular testosterone levels after 8 weeks were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.01). The mean apoptosis index of Leydig cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group after 4 or 8 weeks (P<0.01). StAR mRNA levels in the Leydig cells of the experimental group were significantly lower compared to those of the control group (P<0.01). Our data show that varicocele did impair Leydig cell function by increasing apoptosis and suppressing the expression of the StAR protein.     

Leydig cell aging: steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Primary points of control in steroidogenesis are the transport of cholesterol from intracellular stores to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and the subsequent conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc). Testosterone production has been shown to decline in Brown Norway rat Leydig cells as the rats age. To better understand the mechanism by which aging Leydig cells lose steroidogenic function, we examined the effect of aging on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), an important Leydig cell cholesterol transfer protein, and on P450scc. Leydig cells isolated from middle-aged (14 months) and old (24 months) rats produced significantly less testosterone than cells from young (4 months) rats. StAR mRNA (1.7 kilobase [kb]) was significantly reduced in Leydig cells from middle-aged and old rats, by 26% and 52%, respectively. Significant reductions also were seen in the steady-state levels of mRNA for P450scc, of 29% and 50%, respectively. Western blots revealed significant reductions in StAR protein, by 47% and 74%, respectively, and in P450scc protein, by 38% and 54%, respectively. In response to LH stimulation in vitro, testosterone production by Leydig cells in young, middle-aged, and old rats increased by 30-, 40-, and 33-fold, respectively, although the amounts of testosterone produced by the young cells significantly exceeded that produced by the middle-aged and old cells. StAR protein also increased in response to LH by 1.4- , 3-, and 11-fold, respectively, whereas P450scc protein remained unchanged. These results are consistent with the conclusion that compromise of StAR-mediated cholesterol transport may play a key role in age-related reductions in Leydig cell steroidogenesis. However, because P450scc is reduced in old Leydig cells, the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme would be rate-limiting under circumstances in which saturating amounts of cholesterol entered the mitochondria.     

Biphasic effects of postnatal exposure to diethylhexylphthalate on the timing of puberty in male rats

Phthalate esters such as di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), which are commonly found in cosmetics and in flexible plastics distributed by the food, construction, and medical products industries, have been classified as anti-androgens. High-dose DEHP exposure in utero is associated with decreased androgen levels. However, when administered after birth, low doses of DEHP (eg, 10 mg/kg body weight) may stimulate androgen production. In the present study, the potential of phthalate exposure to advance or delay the timing of puberty was assessed. Male Long-Evans rat pups were chronically subjected to low or high doses of DEHP, with the androgen-driven process of preputial separation serving as an index of pubertal timing. Rats were treated with 0, 10, 500, or 750 mg/kg body weight DEHP for 28 days starting at day 21 postpartum. The average age at which the animals completed preputial separation was measured in each group. The age of preputial separation was 41.5 +/- 0.1 days postpartum in controls (vehicle). The 10 mg/kg DEHP dose advanced pubertal onset significantly to 39.7 +/- 0.1 days postpartum, whereas the 750 mg/kg DEHP dose delayed pubertal onset to 46.3 +/- 0.1 days postpartum. The 10 mg/kg DEHP dose also significantly increased serum testosterone (T) levels (3.13 +/- 0.37 ng/mL) and seminal vesicle weights (0.33 +/- 0.02 g) compared with control serum T (1.98 +/- 0.20 ng/mL) and seminal vesicle weight (0.26 +/- 0.02 g), while the 750 mg/kg dose decreased serum T (1.18 +/- 0.18 ng/mL) as well as testes and body weights. Direct action of the DEHP metabolite, monoethylhexylphthalate (MEHP), on Leydig cell steroidogenic capacity was investigated in vitro. MEHP treatment at a low concentration (100 microM) increased luteinizing hormone-stimulated T production, whereas 10 mM concentrations were inhibitory. In conclusion, data from the present study indicate that DEHP has a biphasic effect on Leydig cell function, with low-dose exposure advancing the onset of puberty. High doses of DEHP, which are anti-androgenic, may also be outside the range of real environmental exposure levels.     

低剂量睾酮疗法降低TM3睾丸间质细胞的氧化损伤

睾酮替代疗法对老年男性及性腺机能减退症的治疗是有意义的。然而,外源性睾酮对睾丸间质细胞的作用尚不清楚,需要进一步阐明。本研究表明睾酮补充疗法能降低睾丸间质细胞的氧化损伤。本文用睾丸间质细胞TM3作为体外细胞模型。研究发现睾酮剂量为100nmol L-1治疗时可以产生细胞保护作用,但睾酮补充剂量≥500nmol L-1时就会产生细胞毒作用。在睾酮剂量为100nmol L-1治疗时能够显著降低ROS的产生,脂质过氧化物含量,缺氧诱导因子（HIF）-1α的稳定性和活性。睾酮剂量为500nmol L-1时产生的活性氧比100nmol L-1时增加了1．72倍。与对照组相比,睾酮剂量为50nmol L-1时类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白（STAR）的表达增加了1．58倍（P〈0．01）．睾酬补充疗法降低了化学性诱导缺氧。低剂量睾酮补充疗法治疗睾丸间质细胞通过降低ROS和脂质过氧化物,增加StAR蛋白表达,减缓缺氧应激即降低HIF-1α测子的稳定性性产生细胞保护作用。研究中发现当睾酮剂量≥500nmol L-1时,氧化损伤增加。为阐明睾酮替代疗法的效果,需进一步阐明睾丸间质细胞中华酮量效关系受哪种机制调控。     

Temporal relationships among testosterone production, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) during Leydig cell aging

Previous studies have shown that the capacity of Leydig cells from aged (21-24-month-old) Brown Norway rats to produce testosterone is reduced from young (4-month-old) levels, and that this is correlated with reductions in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), peripheral benzodiazapine receptor (PBR), and the levels and activities of the steroidogenic enzymes. The age(s) at which particular changes in the steroidogenic pathway occur, and the relationship of particular changes to reduced testosterone production, are not known. We examined 3 critical components of the steroidogenic pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, StAR, and P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) in relationship to age-related decreases in testosterone production. Leydig cells isolated from Brown Norway rats of increasing ages (4, 9, 15, and 20 months) were evaluated. The ability of Leydig cells to produce testosterone was reduced at 9 months, although not significantly. Significant reductions in testosterone production were first seen in cells isolated from rats of 15 months of age, and further reductions occurred thereafter. Reduced testosterone was correlated with reductions in StAR, P450scc mRNA, and protein. Significant decline in luteinizing hormone-stimulated intracellular cAMP levels was seen by 9 months, before significant reductions in testosterone, StAR, and P450scc. Further declines in cAMP levels were seen at 15 and 20 months. These studies suggest that age-related reductions in intracellular cAMP may lead to the reduced testosterone production that characterizes aged Leydig cells. This suggestion is supported by recent studies from our lab demonstrating that long-term (3 days) culture of old Leydig cells with dbcAMP restored testosterone production to levels approximating those of young cells.     

Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increases spermatocyte mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 and cyclooxygenase 2

Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the biologically active metabolite of the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, is a member of a class of chemical compounds with known adverse effects on the male reproductive system. Recent studies showed that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in germ cells may contribute to phthalate-induced disruption of spermatogenesis. To determine whether the redox-protein mitochondrial thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase, peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3), may be a component of germ cell homeostasis mechanisms, this study first examined the physiologic relevance of Prx3 in the rodent testis by determining its cell-specific expression. Our findings show that prx3 mRNA is expressed in a developmental, cell-specific manner in rat Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and germ cells; among mouse germ cells, prx3 expression was highest in spermatocytes, findings consistent with those in rat. In mouse meiotic spermatocytes, Prx3 was strikingly localized at the nuclear perimeter and cytoplasm, findings suggestive of a direct role for Prx3 in determining spermatocyte response to toxicants. To better define the mechanisms involved in male germ cell dysfunction following phthalate exposure, an immortalized mouse spermatocyte-derived germ cell line, GC-2spd(ts), was exposed to MEHP (24 hours; 100 and 200 microM). We determined whether Prx3 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), pivotal proteins involved in oxidative stress responses in spatially restricted subcellular domains, were affected. Mitochondrial Prx3 and mitochondrial and cytosolic COX-2 significantly increased following 200 microM MEHP treatment; proliferation was inhibited without inducing cell death. Using this germ cell model, the data suggest that changes in cellular oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis in the germline can accompany MEHP exposure, disrupting mitochondrial antioxidant defenses, despite absence of phthalate-induced apoptosis.     

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯对新生小鼠睾丸及Leydig细胞影响的实验研究

目的:探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)对新生小鼠睾丸及Leyd ig细胞形态结构及功能的影响。方法:DEHP分别以低、中、高3组剂量[100、200、500 mg/(kg.d)]灌胃作用于怀孕12 d到产后3 d(GD12~PND3)的KM母鼠,观察DEHP对新生雄性仔鼠体重、睾丸重量、Leyd ig细胞形态结构和3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3-βHSD)活性、酶反应面积的影响。结果:DEHP作用于母鼠后,其雄性子代幼鼠体重和睾丸重量减轻,睾丸Leyd ig细胞形态、超微结构发生改变;高剂量组Leyd ig细胞数量明显增多;低、中剂量组睾酮合成关键酶3β-HSD酶活性下降,酶反应面积减小,但高剂量组在仔鼠出生后15 d时酶活性降低[(吸光度值(0.154±0.011)vs空白对照组(0.222±0.013),P<0.01],而酶反应面积增大[(6 303.0±745.6)μm2vs空白对照组(5 091.4±214.4)μm2,P<0.01)]。结论:DEHP能影响新生雄性小鼠体重、睾丸重量、Leyd ig细胞的形态结构和3β-HSD活性,具有抗雄激素效应。     

Heterogeneity of adult mouse Leydig cells with different buoyant densities.

The authors investigated the morphologic characteristics and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone production of adult mouse Leydig cells in vitro, which have different buoyant densities. Leydig cells from five testes of Swiss outbred male mice (15 weeks old) were isolated and purified by mechanical dispersion followed by density gradient centrifugation using Percoll. Two groups of Leydig cells were obtained with different buoyant densities: group 1 had densities of 1.0667 to 1.0515 g/cm3 and group 2 had densities of 1.0514 to 1.0366 g/cm3. In vitro testosterone production of these Leydig cells, in response to different doses of hCG (0, 5, 25, 125, 625, and 3125 pg/mL), was determined by radioimmunoassay. Leydig cells were fixed and processed for electron microscopic stereology to quantify the organelles by volumes and surface area. In Leydig cells of Group 1, testosterone production per cell in vitro in response to 0 and 5 pg/mL hCG was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05). Increases in the dose up to 25 pg/mL produced a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in testosterone production, although hCG doses of 125 and 625 pg/mL did not produce further increases in testosterone levels. However, 3125 pg/mL hCG further elevated the testosterone production by those Leydig cells with high buoyant density. In Leydig cells in group 2, the patterns of testosterone production in response to hCG doses of 0, 5, and 25 pg/mL were similar to those of Leydig cells in group 1. Those Leydig cells with low buoyant density, however, were unable to stimulate further testosterone production by an hCG dose of 3125 pg/mL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)