血小板生成素在慢性乙型肝炎血小板减少症中的作用

目的：探讨血小板生成素在慢性乙型肝炎血小板减少症患者中的作用。方法：对76例慢性乙型肝炎血小板减少症患者进行血清血小板生成素水平、凝血酶原活动度、骨髓巨核细胞计数检查。结果：血小板生成素水平与凝血酶原活动度、骨髓巨核细胞计数、外周血小板计数相关（r分别为0．423、0.396、0．297，P〈0．05）；76例患者标本中有22例骨髓巨核细胞计数〈7（个／4．5cm^2），占20％；巨核细胞成熟障碍29例，占38％。结论：血小板生成素在慢性乙型肝炎血小板减少症的发病机制中起一定作用。     

血小板生成素与肝硬化相关性血小板减少

肝硬化患者常出现各类血细胞减少,其中血小板减少尤为常见。此类患者血小板减少的原因常归咎于血小板在肿大的脾脏中淤积和破坏,即脾功能亢进。其他因素,如酒精和肝炎病毒对骨髓的抑制、营养不良以及失血等都可导致血小板减少。近年来,随着有关血小板生成素(thrombo-poietin,TPO)研究的不断深入,对肝硬化患者血小板减少的原因又有了一些新的认识,现将有关进展综述如下。     

肝硬化患者血清血小板生成素水平的测定及临床意义

探讨肝硬化患者血清血小板生成素(TOP)浓度与血小板减少的关系。用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定肝硬化肝功能代偿期、失代偿期以及正常人血清TPO浓度。血清TOP浓度正常人、肝硬化肝功能代偿期、失代偿期分别为(136.24±68.56)pg.m l-1、(124.34±41.31)pg.m l-1和(59.05±52.77)pg.m l-1。肝硬化肝功能失代偿期的血清TPO浓度较正常人明显降低(t=4.04,P<0.001);正常人的血清TPO浓度受外周血小板计数的调节,而肝硬化患者的血清TPO浓度与外周血小板计数之间无明显相关而与血清白蛋白浓度呈正相关(r=0.86,P<0.001)、血清总胆红素浓度呈负相关(r=0.49,P<0.05)。肝细胞产生TPO不足可能是肝硬化发生血小板减少的主要原因。血清TPO浓度可能是评价肝硬化患者肝功能的有用指标。     

再生障碍性贫血和特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者血小板生成素的检测及意义

目的测定再生障碍性贫血(AA)和特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)二组血小板减少患者血小板生成素(TPO)质量浓度并探讨其临床意义.方法采用ELISA法测定13例初治AA和20例初治ITP患者血清TPO质量浓度,以17例健康体检者为正常对照.结果正常对照组血清TPO质量浓度为(99.41±73.84)ng/L,AA患者血清TPO质量浓度为(683.48±414.73)ng/L,明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);ITP患者血清TPO质量浓度为(100.67±79.59)ng/L,与正常对照组相比,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).相关分析表明AA患者TPO质量浓度与血小板计数呈负相关(r=-0.71,P＜0.01);而ITP患者TPO质量浓度与血小板计数无相关性(P＞0.05).结论血清TPO的质量浓度受循环中血小板数目和骨髓巨核细胞总体数量的双重调节.由于血小板生成减少所致的血小板减少症其血清TPO质量浓度明显升高;而由于血小板破坏过多所致者其血清TPO质量浓度处于正常水平.     

免疫性血小板减少症患者血小板生成素受体激动剂的停药研究进展

免疫性血小板减少症(immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是一种获得性自身免疫性疾病,其主要发病机制为血小板自身抗体的产生、细胞免疫和体液免疫异常活化,共同介导血小板破坏加速及巨核细胞产生血小板不足[1].ITP进展到慢性期后,发生出血的风险增加,严重影响患者的生活质量.研究表明,ITP患者生活质量和...     

肝硬化患者血小板生成素测定

探讨血小板生成素水平改变在肝硬化患者的发生机制及临床意义。采用DIANA五分类血细胞计数仪测定 33例肝硬化和 2 5例对照组血小板计数 (PLT) ,同时应用免疫放射分析法测定血小板生成素 (Tpo)水平。虽然肝硬化血小板数量明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,但Tpo水平不但不升高 ,反而下降呈正相关 ,但两者比较无差异 (P>0 0 5 )。肝硬化患者因肝脏Tpo产生不足是导致血小板下降的重要原因之一     

恶性血液病患者血清红细胞生成素、血小板生成素变化及其临床意义

采用夹心酶联免疫法测定40例恶性血液病患者（观察组）及18例健康人（对照组）血清红细胞生成素（EPO）、血小板生成素（TPO）、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞（RBC）及血小板（PLT）水平。结果观察组血清EPO水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），且与Hb及RBC计数呈负相关（P均〈0．05）；血清TPO水平白血病患者（20例）均显著高于对照组，其他恶性血液病患者（20例）则低于对照组，除慢性白血病患者血清TPO水平与PLT计数不相关外，其他恶性血液病患者均与PLT计数呈负相关。提示除白血病外，其他恶性血液病患者伴发的贫血均可应用重组人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）治疗，伴PLT减少时，应用重组人促血小板生成亲（rhTPO）治疗有益。     

检测肝硬化患者血清血小板生成素的临床意义

血小板生成素(Thromboietin TPO)又名巨核细胞生长因子，它是调控血小板生成的重要因素之一。本文通过放射免疫法检测108例肝硬化患者血清TPO水平，并探讨其临床意义。     

血小板生成素研究新进展

血小板生成素研究新进展许蔚林虞积仁临床工作中，常会遇到因恶性肿瘤放疗和化疗、血液病、以及骨髓移植等原因引起的白细胞、红细胞以及血小板减少。对于肾性贫血、慢性病性贫血及白细胞减少和粒细胞缺乏，已经有重组的细胞因子如红细胞生成素、粒巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和...     

慢性肝病和原发性肝癌患者血清白细胞介素-8水平及其意义

目的 探讨IL-8在慢性肝病和原发性肝癌发病机理中的作用及与临床变化的关系。方法 对住院治疗的80例各型肝病患者和14例健康人抽取静脉血5ml,分离血清并置于-40℃之中,采用ELISA法对血清进行IL-8检测。结果 不同类型肝病患者血清中IL-8水平差异均有显著性。慢性病毒性肝炎重型IL-8水平为(75.80±33.39)μg/L,原发性肝癌IL-8水平为(89.54±13.24)μg/L,与对照组比较t值分别为10.48、4.01,P<0.01。结论 血清IL-8水平的升高与各类肝病患者病情轻重及预后有密切的关系。在慢性病毒性肝炎和原发性肝癌患者血清中,IL-8水平越高,病情越重,预后越差,病死率越高。     

Interferon increases serum thrombopoietin in patients with chronic hepatitis C

We measured serum thrombopoietin (TPO) in chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon (IFN). The platelet count before the therapy was 161.9 ×10⁹ ± 64.1 × 10⁹/l, which decreased to 116.3 × 10⁹ ±  48.4 × 10⁹/l 1 week after IFN therapy ( P  <0.01). On the other hand, serum TPO increased from 1.96 ± 0.60 fmol/ml to 2.68 ± 0.69 fmol/ml ( P  < 0.02). Contrary to a recent report that serum TPO was not altered in liver cirrhosis, these data indicate that serum TPO was increased in chronic hepatitis C in response to thrombocytopenia by IFN therapy.     

Autoantibodies to thrombopoietin and the thrombopoietin receptor in patients with immune thrombocytopenia

Autoantibodies to thrombopoietin (TPO, also termed THPO) or the TPO receptor (cMpl, also termed MPL) could play a pathological role in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In this study, we tested for autoantibodies against TPO, cMpl, or the TPO/cMpl complex in ITP and other thrombocytopenic disorders. Using an inhibition step with excess TPO in fluid‐phase to improve binding specificity, the prevalence of anti‐TPO autoantibodies was: active ITP: 9/32 (28%); remission ITP: 0/14 (0%); non‐immune thrombocytopenias: 1/10 (10%); and healthy controls: 1/11 (9%). Similarly, using an inhibition step with excess cMpl, the prevalence of specific anti‐cMpl autoantibodies was: active ITP: 7/32 (22%); remission ITP: 1/14 (7%); non‐immune thrombocytopenias: 3/10 (30%); and healthy controls: 0/11 (0%). Two active ITP patients had autoantibodies against the TPO/cMpl complex, but not against TPO or cMpl alone. Anti‐TPO or anti‐cMpl autoantibodies were found in 44% of ITP patients, and in 40% of patients with other thrombocytopenic disorders. These autoantibodies did not correlate with ITP disease severity or number of ITP treatments received; however, in this cohort, 3 patients failed to respond to TPO receptor agonist medications, and of those, 2 had anti‐TPO autoantibodies. This suggests that anti‐TPO and anti‐cMpl autoantibodies are associated with thrombocytopenia, and may be clinically relevant in a subset of ITP patients.     

Analyses of plasma thrombopoietin levels in patients with thrombocytopenia

We measured plasma levels of thrombopoietin (TPO) in several patients with thrombocytopenia. Similar to previous reports, TPO levels in aplastic anemia (N=9) were markedly higher than those in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (N=10): 16.19+/-9.07 fmol/ml and 1.21+/-1.06 fmol/ml, respectively. In patients with secondary failure of platelet recovery (N=7) as well as primary failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, TPO levels were very high, reflecting impaired platelet production due to GVHD, drug treatments, and infection. When using new drugs such as TPO-receptor agonists, measurement of TPO levels might be important to differentiate the mechanism of thrombocytopenia.     

The role of thrombopoietin in the thrombocytopenia of patients with liver cirrhosis

OBJECTIVES: Thrombocytopenia is a common disorder among cirrhotics that has been traditionally explained by splenic platelet pooling and destruction. Thrombopoietin (TPO), the main stimuli for thrombopoiesis is produced primarily in the liver and degraded by circulating platelets, but its role in the thrombocytopenia of liver cirrhosis is not well understood. The main goal of this study is to clarify the role of TPO in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in cirrhosis. METHODS: The relation among TPO, platelet count, spleen size, portal hypertension, and liver function was studied in 33 cirrhotic patients before and after either partial splenic embolization or liver transplantation. RESULTS: Cirrhotics with thrombocytopenia had lower serum TPO levels than healthy controls (median values (interquartile range: ICR) were 120.7 (42.0-191.6) vs 756.4 (527.0-965.1) pg/mL, respectively; p<0.001). Among cirrhotics with thrombocytopenia, serum TPO was related to spleen size (rho=-0.387, p=0.046), but not to platelet count as occurs physiologically. After partial splenic embolization, TPO and platelet count increased significantly and the physiological relation between TPO and platelet count was restored (rho=-0.665, p=0.026). Similar results were observed after liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that besides impaired production in the failing liver, an increased TPO degradation by platelets sequestered in the congested spleen may contribute to thrombocytopenia in cirrhotic patients.     

慢性病毒性肝炎患者血清sICAM-1与肝组织病理变化的相关性研究

目的评价sICAM-1在慢性肝病诊治中的临床意义。方法对130例慢性肝炎患者血清sICAM-1、纤维化指标和肝活检病理改变等进行相关性研究。结果ICAM-1在慢性肝炎肝组织的表达与炎症活动度、肝纤维化程度均呈显著正相关。血清sICAM-1水平与肝组织ICAM-1表达呈显著正相关(r=0.64,P<0.01),并与慢性肝炎的临床及病理分度呈一致性改变。血清sICAM-1水平与HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ、LN亦有良好的相关性(P<0.01)。结论慢性肝炎患者肝组织及血清ICAM-1水平可一定程度反映肝脏炎症和纤维化程度。血清sICAM-1水平的监测可作为临床判断慢性肝炎病情严重程度和预后的重要免疫学指标之一。     

肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级与血小板生成素的关系

目的:探讨肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级与血小板生成素(TPO)的关系.方法:选取肝硬化患者119例,另选取与肝硬化组性别和年龄相匹配的30例健康人作为对照组;晨起空腹采血、离心分离血清,检测血液常规、血液生化、血离子、肝炎病毒标志物,肝脾B超检查:用ELISA法检测血清TPO含量.结果:肝硬化患者中Child-Pugh A、B、C级分别为43例、63例和13例.与对照组相比,肝硬化患者平均TPO水平无显著性差异,A级TPO水平有升高的趋势,但无统计学意义,而B级(43.44 ng/L±33.51 ng/L)和C级(45.16 ng/L±30.04 ng/L)则明显降低(P=0.001,0.048);血小板计数(PLT)在A级、B级和C级逐渐下降,与对照组相比,均有显著性差异(均P<0.001);TPO与PLT在对照组呈负相关(r=.0.363,P=0.048),在Child-Pugh A级和C级两者无相关性,在B级呈正相关且有统计学意义(r=0.383,P=0.002).结论:肝脏合成TPO减少是晚期肝硬化患者血小板减少的重要原因:TPO和PLT可以作为反应肝脏功能的指标.     

Thrombopoietin level in patients with chronic liver diseases

Thrombocytopenia and oxidative stress are the most frequent problems in patients with chronic liver diseases as viral cirrhosis and schistosomiasis. So, this study aimed to evaluate the role of thrombopoietin (TPO) on the occurrence of thrombocytopenia and in differentiation between these diseases. It also aimed to investigate the relation between TPO, oxidative stress and antioxidant status in these two types of chronic liver disease. So, We measured serum TPO level, lipid peroxide (MDA) and serum total antioxidant activity (TAO) in 40 patients with cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus and 37 patients with schistosomiasis from The Specialized Medical Hospital, Mansoura University. Results: Both serum TPO level and serum TAO activity were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in thrombocytopenic patients with viral cirrhosis when compared to both non thrombocytopenic and control groups. In contrast, TPO level was within the normal range in the patients with scistosomiasis either thrombocytopenic or not. while serum TAO activity was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in both thrombocytopenic and non thrombocytopenic patients with schistosomiasis in comparison to control subjects with no significant difference between these two subgroups. Serum MDA concentration was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all diseased groups when compared to controls with significant increase in thrombocytopenic patients as compared to non thrombocytopenic. Conclusion: TPO hypoproduction played a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of viral cirrhosis associated with thrombocytopenia. Also, total antioxidant activity and MDA are useful markers for monitoring patients with these chronic liver diseases.