云南省单中心279例甲状腺乳头状癌再手术原因分析

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)再手术患者复发原因及影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月—2016年6月间昆明医科大学第一附属医院甲状腺疾病诊治中心279例行再手术的PTC患者临床资料。结果:279例患者中,残余甲状腺复发156例(55.9%),淋巴结转移215例(77.1%),后者包括中央区135例(48.4%)和侧方151例(54.1%)。统计分析显示,女性、≥45岁是残余甲状腺复发的独立危险因素(均P0.05);未行中央区淋巴结清扫(CND)、初次手术行于县级医院是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(均P0.05);男性、初次术式为甲状腺全切或近全切(TT/NTT)、CND为侧方淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。初次手术后中位复发时间专业甲状腺中心为33个月,主要为侧方(26.8%)和中央区淋巴结转移(42.9%);省级医院为24个月,主要为中央区区淋巴结转移(32.8%)和残余甲状腺复发(29.9%);地州级24个月、县级12个月,主要原因为残余甲状腺复发(36.7%,45.9%)。再次手术后,158例获随访10~123个月,死亡1例(0.4%)、永久性声音嘶哑7例(4.4%)、永久性低钙血症19例(12.0%)、131I治疗失分化9例(5.7%),复发22例(13.9%)。结论:非专科手术和不规范的术式导致PTC术后甲状腺和淋巴结转移率增高从而再手术的主要原因;选择单侧腺叶切除或TT/NTT+病灶同侧/双侧CND和/或加行侧方淋巴结清扫可有效降低复发率。再次手术患者永久性手术并发症和失分化发生率均较高,故应在初始治疗中采取规范化治疗方案,减少复发风险。     

临床颈淋巴结阴性的甲状腺癌181例治疗分析

通过对临床颈淋巴结阴性的甲状腺癌治疗结果分析,提出采用甲状腺腺叶加峡部切除加中央区颈淋巴清扫术的治疗方法可获长期治愈的结果。方法:回顾分析1985年1月至2000年6月181例临床颈淋巴结阴性的甲状腺癌采用上法治疗的结果。结果:181例病人中仅12例(6.6%)补充作了同侧的颈淋巴结清扫术;12例行颈清扫术者中有10例见淋巴结转移。结论:对临床颈淋巴结阴性的甲状腺癌可以采用甲状腺腺叶加峡部切除加中央区淋巴结清扫术,其长期疗效同传统的甲状腺癌联合根治术,但生活质量却大为提高,值得临床推广。     

Prospective management of nodal metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer

Previous studies have concluded that lymph node metastases do not affect survival rates in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and, therefore, nodal metastasis has not been evaluated as a prognostic factor in recent definitions of risk groups. To determine the significance of nodal disease, we reviewed 227 consecutive patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (173 with papillary, 37 with follicular, and 17 with Hürthle cell carcinoma). Of 70 (31%) patients with lymph node metastases (14 [20%] palpable preoperatively and 56 [80%] detected by routine sampling of middle and lower cervical nodes), 13 (19%) developed a recurrence compared with only 3 of 157 (2%) without nodal disease (p less than 0.01). Sixty-eight patients were treated with modified neck dissection, 63 of whom received adjuvant radioiodine. There were 10 recurrences in 63 patients (16%) who had been treated with radioiodine, compared with 3 recurrences in 7 (42%) patients who did not receive adjuvant radioiodine. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 28 years, with a mean of 8 years. Involvement of the lymph nodes was a marker for systemic disease occurring synchronously in 4 of 5 patients who presented with distant metastases and preceding systemic recurrence in 9 of 10 patients. Four patients (2%), all with lymph node metastases (three with concomitant extrathyroidal invasion and one with systemic metastases at initial presentation), died of thyroid carcinoma. Cervical lymph node metastases were associated with a higher incidence of recurrence and occurred synchronously or preceded the development of distant metastases in 13 of 15 (87%) patients. Although these findings were not statistically significant for overall survival, they lend support to routine cervical lymph node sampling for detection of and modified neck dissection with adjuvant radioiodine therapy for treatment of lymph node metastases. Such measures should reduce the subsequent recurrence rate and permit early detection and treatment of systemic disease.     

Is central neck dissection necessary for the treatment of lateral cervical nodal recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma?

BACKGROUND: Although the pattern of cervical lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been described, little is known about the pattern of lateral cervical nodal recurrence. The aim of this study was to establish the optimal strategy for neck dissection in patients who underwent reoperation for lateral cervical recurrence of PTC. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 22 patients who underwent neck dissection for lateral nodal recurrence of thyroid cancer between 2002 and 2004. Eight patients had thyroid remnants or recurrent tumors in the bed and 6 had undergone lateral neck dissection prior to referral. Patients underwent comprehensive dissection of the posterolateral and ipsilateral (n = 10) or bilateral (n = 12) central neck. The pattern of nodal recurrence and postoperative morbidity were analyzed. RESULTS: All patients had lateral compartment involvement, 91% at mid-lower, 45% at upper, and 18% at posterior sites. Central nodes were involved in 86% of patients: 82% at ipsilateral paratracheal, 32% at pretracheal, 27% at superior mediastinal, and 2 patients at contralateral sites. Skip lateral recurrence with no positive central nodes was rarely observed (14%). Postoperative vocal cord palsy (n = 1) and hypoparathyroidism (n = 5) developed only in patients undergoing bilateral central compartment dissection. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of comprehensive ipsilateral central and lateral neck dissection in the reoperation for patients with lateral neck recurrence of PTC is an optimal surgical strategy.     

Prediction of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in medullary thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Mediastinal lymph node metastases can be life threatening owing to their proximity to vital organs. Reliable identification of mediastinal metastasis is of utmost importance for timely mediastinal lymph node dissection, although suitable clinicopathological variables for their detection in patients with thyroid cancer have yet to be identified. METHODS: This was an analysis of 83 consecutive patients with radiological suspicion of mediastinal metastasis who underwent trans-sternal mediastinal lymph node dissection for node-positive medullary thyroid carcinoma between November 1994 and March 2003. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that extrathyroidal extension (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.001), the preoperative serum calcitonin level (P = 0.001), operation type (P = 0.004), contralateral cervicolateral metastasis (P = 0.016) and bilateral nodal metastasis (P = 0.031) were significantly associated with mediastinal involvement. Only extrathyroidal extension remained significant in a multivariate logistic regression analysis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Prediction of mediastinal metastasis by extrathyroidal extension was best at reoperation, with a specificity of 97 per cent and a positive predictive value of 88 per cent. CONCLUSION: Mediastinal lymph node dissection should be considered in patients undergoing reoperation for node-positive medullary thyroid carcinoma who have extrathyroidal extension and cervical lymph node metastases.     

Surgical strategy for the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate surgical complications, patterns of lymph node metastases, and calcitonin response to compartment-oriented lymphadenectomy in patients with primary or recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The majority of patients with invasive MTC have metastasis to regional lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis, as evidenced by the frequent finding of persistently elevated calcitonin levels after thyroidectomy and the high rates of recurrence in the cervical lymph nodes reported in retrospective studies. These data have provided the rationale for surgeons to perform a more extensive lymphadenectomy at the time of initial thyroidectomy and to consider reoperative cervical lymphadenectomy in patients with persistently elevated calcitonin levels after thyroidectomy. METHODS: Forty patients underwent surgery for MTC from 1991 to 1997 (23 sporadic cases, 17 familial cases). Patients were divided into three groups based on whether they had undergone previous thyroidectomy and on the results of standardized staging studies performed after referral to the authors' institution. Group 1 (11 patients) had received no previous surgery; group 2 (13) underwent thyroidectomy before referral and had an elevated calcitonin level without radiologic evidence of local regional or distant metastases; and group 3 (16) underwent thyroidectomy before referral and had an elevated calcitonin level with radiologic evidence of local-regional recurrence. The central neck compartment was dissected in all patients; preoperative staging and the extent of previous surgery dictated the need for lateral (modified radical) neck dissection. After primary or reoperative surgery, calcitonin levels were assessed. RESULTS: All patients had major reductions in postoperative calcitonin levels. Seven (29%) of 24 patients in groups 1 and 2 achieved normal calcitonin values compared with only 1 (6%) of 16 in group 3. Postoperative complications included seven cases (17%) of permanent hypoparathyroidism; five (71%) of these occurred in group 3. There were no iatrogenic recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries; one patient required recurrent nerve resection to achieve complete tumor extirpation. At a median follow up of 35 months, local recurrence was documented in 5 (13%) of 40 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Compartment-oriented lymphadenectomy performed early in the course of MTC is safe and may return calcitonin levels to normal in up to 25% of carefully selected patients. However, reoperation for bulky cervical disease (group 3) rarely results in normal calcitonin levels and is associated with a high incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism.     

高分化甲状腺癌再手术原因和颈淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的 探讨高分化型甲状腺癌再手术的原因和再手术时肿大淋巴结转移的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析昆明医学院第一附属医院普通外科1998-2005年收治的54例行颈淋巴结清扫高分化型甲状腺癌再手术患者的病历资料.结果 39例不规范手术后的甲状腺残癌率和淋巴结转移率均显著高于15例根治后的患者(P<0.05).再手术时患者年龄<45岁、首次手术前同侧颈部淋巴结肿大、同侧癌灶残留或复发、原发癌的多中心性和再手术时B超提示淋巴结皮髓质分界不清等是再手术时同侧肿大淋巴结转移的危险因素(P<0.05);原发癌的多中心性和对侧癌灶的出现,是再手术时对侧肿大淋巴结转移的危险因素(P<0.05).结论 首次手术的个体化的规范根治和必要的颈部淋巴结清扫是避免高分化型甲状腺癌复发再手术的关键.再手术时应行全甲状腺切除,对有淋巴结转移危险因素的患者,应行改良性或选择性区域颈淋巴结清扫.     

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents: therapeutic strategy according to clinic presentation

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this retrospective study was to propose a therapeutic strategy according to clinic and pathologic presentations, in differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients less than 20 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1995 to 2002, 74 patients less than 20 years of age were operated on for a differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Patients were divided in two groups according to the presence of lymph node (LN) detected before operation (19 "with LN" and 55 "without LN"). RESULTS: Surgery consisted of total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection in the group "with LN". In the second group "without LN", total thyroidectomy was performed in 19 patients (associated with lymph node dissection in seven) and loboisthmectomy in 29 patients. Post operative radio iodine ablation was performed in 25 patients (16 "with LN" and nine "without LN"). During the follow up (median 71 months), 9/19 patients "with LN" underwent surgery for lymph node recurrence. Four patients of the "without LN" group were reoperated for recurrence in the controlateral thyroid lobe after initial loboisthmectomy. Initial presence of lymph nodes was a risk factor for reoperation. Survival without reoperation at 5 and 10 years was 58% and 38% for the "with LN" group and 96% and 91% for the "without LN" group respectively (P < 0.001). At the time of analysis, all patients were alive. Ninety percent of patients were in remission (68% of "with LN" and 98% of "without LN" patients). CONCLUSION: The risk of reoperation for lymph node recurrence during first post operative year is important in the "with LN" group. Therapeutic strategy consists of total thyroidectomy, complete lymph node dissection, radio iodine administration and l-thyroxine treatment. In "without LN" patients risk of lymph node recurrence is low. Treatment consist of total thyroidectomy, lymph node dissection and radio iodine administration are not systematic.     

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??Differentiated thyroid carcinoma undergoing reoperation?? A clinical analysis of 252 cases LIU Wen-bo,ZHANG Hao,ZHANG Ping,et al.Department of Thyroid Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110001,China
Corresponding author:ZHANG Hao,E-mail:haozhang@cmu.edu.cn
Abstract Objective To explore the causes and countermeasures of reoperation of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).Methods The clinical data of 252 cases of DTC reoperation performed in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from January 2011 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.The cause of reoperation and propose countermeasures were summarized. Results The group of reoperation for 5 reasons??lateral cervical lymph node metastasis??delayed diagnosis and radical recuperation??residual gland recurrence??lymph node metastasis in central area and preoperative misdiagnosis before operation. There were 91 cases ??36.1%?? of cervical lymph node metastases??38 cases ??41.8%?? of those with less than 1 year of reoperation. Delayed diagnosis and replacement therapy were performed in 58 cases ??23.0%??.The rate of residual cancer in the gland was 25.9% and the rate of lymph node metastasis was 36.2%. Recurrence of residual gland cancer occurred in 54 cases ??21.4%????of which the first operation was less than the glandular leaf area in 22 cases??accounting for 40.7%. Central lymph node metastasis occurred in 27 cases??10.7%????of which the first operation in 26 cases ??96.3%?? was central clearing area. There were 22 cases ??8.7%?? of clinical misdiagnosis before operation??13 cases were diagnosed due to suspicious lymph nodes??and no puncture pathology was observed before operation. Conclusion Careful assessment before surgery and the normative surgical treatment is the key to reduce the reoperation rate of DTC.     

Prophylactic Lymphadenectomy of Neck Level II in Clinically Node-Positive Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Background  

The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency, pattern, and predictive factors associated with occult level II lymph node (LN) metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with clinically metastatic lymph nodes in the lateral neck (level III, IV, and/or V) by preoperative ultrasonography.     

C MET蛋白在有颈部淋巴结转移的甲状腺癌中的表达和意义

目的探讨C-MET蛋白在有或无颈部淋巴结转移的甲状腺乳头状癌、甲状腺滤泡状癌及良性甲状腺组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测有颈部淋巴结转移的甲状腺乳头状腺癌（PTC1组）62例，无颈部淋巴结转移的甲状腺乳头状腺癌（PTC2组）50例，甲状腺滤泡状腺癌（FTC组）l0例及良性甲状腺组织（良性组）30例中的C—MET蛋白的表达。结果PTCI组的C—MET表达明显高于其它3组（P〈0．001）。两两比较C—MET表达结果：PTC1组与PTC2组比较，P〈0．001；PTC1组与FTC组比较，P〈0．001；PTC1组与良性组比较，P〈0．001；PTC2组与FTC组比较，P=0．002；PTC2组与良性组比较，P〈0．001；皆有显著性差异。结论C—MET的表达是甲状腺乳头状癌是否有淋巴结转移的预测因子，是肿瘤的囊外扩展和直接侵犯的标记。该指标对甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移的术前评估，决定手术方式均有一定指导意义。     

Long-term follow-up of node-positive papillary thyroid carcinomas

Introduction: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with papillary thyroid cancer who were node positive and treated at our department between 1955 and 1994. Of 362 cases of papillary cancer, 134 were identified with lymph-node metastases (37%). Methods: Two types of dissection procedures were applied by a large community of surgeons. When only the cervical central lymph nodes were involved, the procedure of choice was thyroidectomy, with local lymph-node excision (LD); if the lateral nodes were also affected, modified radical neck dissection (MRND) was applied. Results: Of 88 patients considered to have minimal involvement, 70 underwent procedures of a lesser magnitude than MRND. Most of the operations were localised “picking procedures”. Recurrence of the disease developed in 16 cases, twice in 8 of these. The new tumourous lymph node was found to be ipsilateral in every case and close to the place of the first operation. The rate of recurrence was 23%. In the same group, 18 MRNDs were performed, with ipsilateral lymph-node recurrence in six cases. In 41 patients undergoing surgery for extended lymph-node metastases, conservative excisions were carried out in 17 and MRND in 24 cases, including six bilateral dissections. In this group, late recurrence was 47%. Conclusion: The results of the follow-up of 30 childhood and juvenile patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma is very interesting; all of our young patients are alive. Received: 5 February 1998     

Correlations of neck ultrasound and pathology in cervical lymph node of papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract

Background: High-resolution sonography is becoming a method of choice for the detection and diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The purpose of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of neck ultrasound (US) in the detection of lymph node metastases from PTC.

Methods: Data for all patients with papillary thyroid cancers and preoperative neck US were reviewed retrospectively. The diagnostic accuracy of US was determined according to whether histologically confirmed cancer was present in surgical cervical lymph node specimens.

Results: A total of 206 patients (149 central and 57 central and lateral lymph nodes dissection) were included. Their mean age was 56 years (14–88 years). Central and lateral lymph nodes were involved in 68% (n?=?141 patients; 141/206) and 60% (n?=?34 patients; 34/57) of cases, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of US in predicting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) metastasis in the central neck were 69%, 71%, 84% and 51% respectively, and in the lateral neck were 85%, 65%, 78% and 75% respectively.

Conclusions: Preoperative neck US is a valuable tool in the detection of cervical lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid cancer and can provide reliable information to assist in surgical management.     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的:探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析贵州医科大学附属医院甲状腺外科2014年1月—2016年3月收治的169例PTMC患者临床病理资料。结果:169例患者均行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫,其中54例(32.0%)发生中央区淋巴结转移,单因素分析发现中央区淋巴结转移与年龄45岁、多灶性肿瘤、侵出包膜有关(均P0.05),多因素分析显示,年龄、多灶性肿瘤、侵出包膜都是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。30例行中央区淋巴结加侧颈区淋巴结清扫,其中18例(10.7%)发生侧颈区淋巴结转移,单因素分析显示,肿瘤最大径、侵出包膜、多灶性肿瘤、中央区淋巴结转移与侧颈区淋巴结转移有关(均P0.05),多因素分析显示,肿瘤侵出包膜为侧颈区淋巴结转移的高危因素(P0.05);11例(6.5%)发生中央区并侧颈区淋巴结转移,侵出包膜、多灶性肿瘤为中央区并侧颈区淋巴结共同发生转移的高危因素(均P0.05)。高分辨率颈部淋巴结B超对中央区淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度分别为14.8%、96.5%,其对侧颈区淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度分别为94.4%、83.3%。结论:年龄45岁、多灶性肿瘤、侵出包膜是PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。高分辨率颈部淋巴结B超可以作为甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移术前评估的重要手段。     

Importance of lymph node metastases in follicular thyroid cancer

There are many concepts of risk and prognostic factor analysis for differentiated thyroid cancer. The prognostic role of lymph node metastases in follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), however, is still controversial. We performed a retrospective trial in 186 patients with FTC (124 women, 62 men; mean follow-up 5.5 years) questioning whether lymph node metastases and radical thyroid surgery with neck dissection contribute to the prognosis of FTC. Univariate analysis demonstrated that lymph node metastasesp <0.005), tumor size (p <0.005), tumor stage (p <0.005), distant metastases p = 0.0063), and gender (p = 0.003) are significant prognostic factors for recurrence (Kaplan-Meier). Tumor size (p = 0.004), lymph node metastases p = 0.0478), and distant metastases p = 0.0064) influenced mortality. Age and extent of surgery were not significant for recurrence nor was gender for mortality. Multivariate analysis (Cox regression test) characterized tumor size (p <0.005) and lymph node metastases p = 0.004) as prognostic factors for recurrence of FTC. No significant difference was detected between patients being treated by thyroidectomy when compared to patients treated by thyroidectomy plus neck dissection in relation to recurrence. Our data demonstrate lymph node metastases to be a significant prognostic factor for recurrence of FTC and the patient’s survival. We advocate thyroidectomy plus central lymph node dissection as the basic surgical strategy. For T3 and T4 tumors, unilateral modified neck dissection is an all but optional procedure. Whether radical surgery with thyroidectomy plus neck dissection has an impact on survival remains questionable.     

Elective paratracheal neck dissection for lateral metastases from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: Is it indicated?

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic paratracheal neck dissection for patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is standard treatment. Its use as an elective procedure is controversial. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and evidence of positive adenopathy at levels II-V underwent selective neck dissection and elective/therapeutic paratracheal neck dissection. Results of preoperative ultrasonography of the neck were compared with the dissection specimens. RESULTS: Morbidity of the surgical procedure was minimal (1 permanent hypocalcemia). All specimens showed metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma: 100% (37/37) in the jugular chain of lymphatics and 83.7% (31/37) in the paratracheal region. The rate of occult (negative physical examination and ultrasonography) metastases in the paratracheal region in the presence of metastases in the ipsilateral jugular chain was 83.3% (20/24). CONCLUSION: The high rate of occult metastases in the paratracheal region and the low rate of surgical morbidity speak in favor of elective paratracheal neck dissection in patients with metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.     

Greater local recurrence occurs with "berry picking" than neck dissection in thyroid cancer

Managing cervical lymph node metastases in well-differentiated thyroid cancer with either "berry picking" (BP) or anatomic neck dissection (AND) has not been shown to alter survival. Nevertheless local control of thyroid cancer is important. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the local recurrence rate of well-differentiated thyroid cancer is equivalent with BP versus AND. A retrospective analysis revealed 41 patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer and cervical node metastases seen by a single surgeon from 1985 to 2002. A total of 83 initial and repeat neck operations were performed (nine BPs, 30 central neck dissections, and 44 modified radical neck dissections). Recurrence of cancer, intervention for recurrence, and complications of the BP and AND groups were evaluated. All nine (100%) patients undergoing a limited BP operation had local recurrence of cancer. Only three of the 32 (9%) patients undergoing an initial formal neck operation had local recurrence of tumor. The recurrences after BP (100%) were significantly greater than the recurrences after AND (9%) (P < 0.001). The incidence of surgical complications with BP and AND was not different. Six of 32 (19%) initial formal neck dissection patients and four of nine (44%) BP patients had surgical complications. We conclude that BP is associated with greater local recurrence of thyroid cancer. Patients with nodal metastases should be managed with ANDs.     

Identification of sentinel lymph nodes in thyroid carcinoma

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) was defined as the first lymph node that the tumor would drain to, within that tumors regional lymphatic basin. In 1998, Kelemen and coworkers have published the first results on SLN lymphonodectomy in thyroid carcinomas. Different methods have been used in a goal of lymphatic mapping (application of vital blue dye and/or radiocolloid). In a period from 2001 to 2003 we have performed SLN biopsy in 64 patients with thyroid tumors. There were 12 cases of thyroid carcinoma. SLN identification rate was 73.44%. We found no false positive or negative results on definitive histopathology. The impact of lymph node metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma is still controversial. The management of cervical lymph nodes varies from berry picking to modified radical neck dissection. There is a significant disproportion in percentage of pre and intraoperatively enlarged lymph nodes (27-45%) and histologically confirmed lymph node metastases (80-90%) in papillary thyroid carcinoma. In the current literature the average rate of SLN identification is 91% (66-100%) and when identified, the SLN accurately predicts the disease status of the neck in most patients (80-100%). The SLN biopsy for thyroid carcinoma is good and feasible technique for estimating the cervical lymph node status.     

多排螺旋CT对甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的评估多排螺旋CT(MSCT)诊断甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)伴颈淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法回顾性分析38例PTC行功能性颈清扫的术前MSCT结果,并与手术后病理诊断结果对比。结果 38例患者MSCT检查阳性率为84.2%(32/38),且绝大多数淋巴结转移灶有特征性影像学改变。颈中央区淋巴结转移率最高,达52.6%(20/38),但该区小的转移淋巴结MSCT难以检出,而致6例假阴性。结论 MSCT诊断PTC颈淋巴结转移具有较高的准确率。PTC初次手术建议常规行颈中央区淋巴结清扫。     

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??Surgical treatment of parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis arising from papillary thyroid carcinoma??A report of 13 patients XIANG Jun, LI Duan-shu, SHEN Qiang, et al. Department of Head and Neck, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
Corresponding author: LI Duan-shu, E-mail: headneckshca@hotmail.com
Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical features and therapy associated with parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis arising from papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 13 patients with parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis arising from papillary thyroid carcinoma admitted between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2013 in Department of Head and Neck, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were analyzed retrospectively. Results All patients were performed parapharyngeal lymphadenectomy via the transcervical submandibular approach. No surgery-associated complications were noted. Nine patients had widespread metastases to cervical lymph nodes. The 5 year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate was 77.7% and 55.5% respectively. Two patients died of lung metastases. No local recurrence occurred at parapharyngeal space. Conclusion Parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis from PTC may occur in patients with previous neck dissection. CT or MRI is helpful for diagnosis. Surgical resection remains the main treatment method. Parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis is associated with advanced disease stage, high invasive and distant metastases capability, but the prognosis is still good after the active treatment.