Expression of heme oxygenase-1 in rat ontogeny

Heme oxygenase (HO), the heme-degrading enzyme, plays an important role in heme catabolism. Among three isozymes, HO-1 is an inducible form expressed mainly in macrophages. In rat ontogeny, HO-1 immunoreactivity was detected in mononuclear cells in the yolk sac at 10 days of gestation. HO-1-expressing cells were then detected in the fetal liver and their numbers increased during the gestational period. The numbers of HO-1-positive cells and HO-1 mRNA levels in the liver peaked at 18 days of gestation. Most of the macrophages expressed both HO-1 and a macrophage scavenger receptor. Macrophages in the fetal liver showed marked hemophagocytosis. Macrophages in the lung, spleen, bone marrow, and other tissues also expressed HO-1. HO-1 immunoreactivity was also observed in syncytial cells of the chorionic villi, the endodermal layer of the yolk sac, and renal tubules of the fetus. Intestinal mucosal epithelial cells expressed HO-1 after birth. These findings imply that HO-1 is crucial for macrophages in heme catabolism from an early stage of ontogeny. HO-1 expression in non-macrophagic cells may be required for other purposes such as protection from oxidative stress and various stimuli.     

诱导HO-1基因表达的信号通路

血红素氧合酶（HO）的诱导型HO-1与其催化血红素降解生成的产物胆红素和CO一道，组成了机体重要的内源性保护系统，广泛参与抗炎与多种急慢性氧化应激损伤。多种理化因素通过不同的细胞内信号转导通路诱导HO-1的表达，这些信号通路涉及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）、蛋白激酶C(PKC)、cAMP依赖的蛋白激酶A(PKA)、cGMP依赖蛋白激酶G（PKG）、酪氨酸蛋白激酶（TPK）、蛋白磷酸酶（PPs）、磷脂酰肌醇（-3）激酶（PI3K）/Akt     

丹参对大鼠移植肝血红素氧合酶1表达的影响

背景：器官移植前使用丹参预处理能够保护组织缺血-再灌注损伤,改善移植器官存活率。 目的：观察含丹参的冷灌注液对同种异体大鼠移植肝脏中血红素氧合酶1表达的影响,以及对供体肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用。 方法：将SD雄性大鼠随机分成UW液组(术中使用UW液灌注保存)、丹参+UW液组(术中使用丹参+UW液灌注保存)、ZnPP预处理组(移植前24 h腹腔内注射ZnPP,术中使用丹参+UW液灌注保存),建立稳定的大鼠同种异体肝移植模型。同时取10只正常大鼠作为正常对照。 结果与结论：丹参+UW液组和UW液组血清总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶水平明显低于ZnPP预处理组(P < 0.01)。血红素氧合酶1mRNA及其蛋白在丹参+UW液组中较UW组表达更明显,在ZnPP预处理组中表达明显受到抑制(P< 0.05)。丹参+UW液组肝脏Suzuki标准评分明显低于ZnPP预处理组及UW液组(P < 0.05)。表明丹参能上调同种异体的大鼠移植肝脏中血红素氧合酶1 mRNA及其蛋白的表达,减轻供肝缺血-再灌注损伤,保护移植大鼠肝脏。     

大鼠ferroportin 1过表达慢病毒载体构建及其转染PC12细胞

目的:构建含大鼠ferroportin 1(FP1,膜铁转运蛋白1)基因和EGFP(绿色荧光蛋白)基因的过表达慢病毒载体并转染PC12细胞。方法:化学合成含有目的基因FP1的质粒,将酶切获得的目的基因连接入线性化慢病毒载体,构建重组质粒PGC-FU-FP1并进行测序鉴定;鉴定正确的阳性克隆采用Lipofectamine2000转染293T细胞,通过荧光显微镜和Western Blot检测FP1表达情况;在脂质体介导下将PGC-FU-FP1、pHelper1.0和pHelper2.0三质粒系统共转染入293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒,并通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测病毒滴度。以重组慢病毒载体质粒PGC-FU-FP1转染PC12细胞,荧光显微镜下观察EGFP的表达,实时荧光定量PCR和Western Blot法分别检测FP1mRNA和蛋白表达情况。结果:FP1基因序列经测序后与GeneBank报道的序列完全一致;重组质粒PGC-FU-FP1中携带有正确的FP1基因并能在293T细胞中表达;病毒滴度为2×108TU/ml。荧光显微镜、实时荧光定量PCR和Western Blot法证实目的基因FP1能被重组慢病毒高效导入PC12细胞并得到过表达。结论:成功构建携带FP1基因的慢病毒载体,并获得FP1基因修饰的PC12基因工程细胞。为进一步研究FP1在帕金森病中的作用及基因治疗奠定基础。     

高浓度氧增加未成年大鼠肺血红素加氧酶-1表达

目的 探讨高浓度氧对未成年大鼠肺血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)表达的影响.方法 将生后21 d SD大鼠40只随机分为空气组和12、24、48及72 h高氧组,分别置于空气和常压高氧箱(92%~94% O<,2>)中.检测左肺湿/干重比及肺组织病理学改变,用RT-PCR和Western blot法分别检测肺HO-1 mRNA及HO-1蛋白表达情况.结果 高氧12 h组肺HO-1 mRNA吸光度积分相对值和高氧24 h组HO-1蛋白表达水平分别为0.350±0.043和0.455±0.046,较对照组0.263±0.037和0.280±0.044明显升高,且均随高氧暴露时间延长而表达进一步增加(P<0.05,P<0.01).与空气组比较,高氧48 h组和高氧72 h组左肺湿重/干重及肺损伤评分显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 高浓度氧可引起未成年大鼠肺组织HO-1表达增多.     

高原鼠兔血红素氧合酶1的基因克隆及序列分析

 [摘 要] 目的:克隆高原鼠兔血红素氧合酶1（heme oxygenase-1,HO-1）基因cDNA的全长序列,并分析其序列特征,为进一步揭示高原鼠兔低氧适应的分子机制提供有益参考。方法:从高原鼠兔肝组织中提取总RNA,利用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术和cDNA末端快速克隆（RACE）技术扩增出HO-1基因cDNA全长序列并进行测序,测序结果采用生物信息学的方法进行分析。结果:克隆所得鼠兔HO-1基因cDNA全长片段大小为1 466 bp,与预期一致,编码区长度为873   bp,编码290个氨基酸（GenBank登录号为：JX035934）;序列分析结果显示,核苷酸序列和推测的氨基酸序列相似性比较,与兔、人、牛、小鼠、大鼠、猪和马的HO-1核苷酸序列的同源性分别为89%、87%、85%、79%、84%、85%和85%,与兔、人、牛、小鼠、大鼠、猪和马的HO-1氨基酸序列的同源性分别为89%、85%、84%、80%、79%、82%和67%,显示出高度保守性。构建的基于氨基酸序列的分子系统进化树聚类结果表明,高原鼠兔与兔的进化距离最近。结论: 本实验首次成功克隆出高原鼠兔HO-1基因cDNA全长序列,为从低氧细胞保护角度,进一步探讨青藏高原土著物种适应高原的分子生物学机制研究提供实验依据。     

Potential role of heme oxygenase-1 in the progression of rat adjuvant arthritis

Rat adjuvant arthritis is an experimental model widely used to evaluate etiopathogenetic mechanisms in chronic inflammation. We have examined the participation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in this experimental arthritis. In this study, an increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the paw preceded the upregulation of HO-1, whereas selective inhibition of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) after the onset of arthritis decreased HO-1 expression, suggesting that the induction of this enzyme may depend on NO produced by iNOS. Therapeutic administration of the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX was able to control the symptoms of arthritis. This agent significantly decreased leukocyte infiltration, hyperplastic synovitis, erosion of articular cartilage and osteolysis, as well as the production of inflammatory mediators. In this experimental model, HO-1 can be involved in vascular endothelial growth factor production and angiogenesis. These results support a role for HO-1 in mediating the progression of the disease in this model of chronic arthritis.     

血红素加氧酶-1 在不同年龄大鼠心肺组织中的表达

血红素加氧酶（heme oxygenase,HO）是内源性一氧化碳（CO）合成的限速酶和关键酶,可将血红素分解成CO,胆红素和铁。HO-1为诱导型,许多刺激因素如重金属、血红素、炎性细胞因子、发热、缺氧等可诱导HO-1表达增高。     

血红素氧化酶-1在离体大鼠心肌缺血预处理中的作用

目的：观察缺血预处理对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后心功能、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量及血红素氧化酶-1活性的影响。方法：应用Langendorff离体大鼠等容收缩灌流模型行离体大鼠心脏灌流。缺血预处理方案为停灌5 min后再灌5 min反复3次,持续缺血再灌方案为停灌40 min后再灌20 min,监测正常对照组、缺血再灌组（IR）和缺血预处理组（IPC）心功能指标的同时,测定冠脉流出液LDH活性、心肌MDA含量和HO-1活性变化。结果：IPC组再灌20 min时的心功能恢复率显著高于IR组（P<0.01）,心肌血红素氧化酶-1活性也明显高于IR组（P<0.05）,而LDH活性及MDA含量显著少于IR组（均为P<0.01）。结论：血红素氧化酶-1活性增高可能与缺血预处理对大鼠缺血再灌心肌的保护作用有关。     

血红素加氧酶-1在铁代谢中的作用

铁是机体必需的微量元素,有着广泛的生物学作用,包括氧化运输和细胞呼吸作用,缺铁会引起细胞生长停滞或死亡,铁过载会使细胞发生氧化应激进而损伤细胞膜、蛋白质、核酸.血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)分解血红素产生铁是铁重复利用最主要的来源,在铁代谢中的作用至关重要.     

Deletion of caveolin-1 protects against oxidative lung injury via up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Hyperoxia causes lung injury in animals and humans, and is an established model of ALI. Caveolin-1, a major constituent of caveolae, regulates numerous biological processes, including cell death and proliferation. Here we demonstrate that caveolin-1-null mice (cav-1(-/-)) were resistant to hyperoxia-induced death and lung injury. Cav-1(-/-) mice sustained reduced lung injury after hyperoxia as determined by protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histologic analysis. Furthermore, cav-1(-/-) fibroblasts and endothelial cells and cav-1 knockdown epithelial cells resisted hyperoxia-induced cell death in vitro. Basal and inducible expression of the stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were markedly elevated in lung tissue or fibroblasts from cav-1(-/-) mice. Hyperoxia induced the physical interaction between cav-1 and HO-1 in fibroblasts assessed by co-immunoprecipitation studies, which resulted in attenuation of HO activity. Inhibition of HO activity with tin protoporphyrin-IX abolished the survival benefits of cav-1(-/-) cells and cav-1(-/-) mice exposed to hyperoxia. The cav-1(-/-) mice displayed elevated phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p38beta expression in lung tissue/cells under basal conditions and during hyperoxia. Treatment with SB202190, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, decreased hyperoxia-inducible HO-1 expression in wild-type and cav-1(-/-) fibroblasts. Taken together, our data demonstrated that cav-1 deletion protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury, involving in part the modulation of the HO-1-cav-1 interaction, and the enhanced induction of HO-1 through a p38 MAPK-mediated pathway. These studies identify caveolin-1 as a novel component involved in hyperoxia-induced lung injury.     

Complex role of heme oxygenase-1 in angiogenesis

Angiogenesis occurring during reparative or pathological processes is driven by various inflammatory mediators that influence the synthesis of growth factors. It has been recognized recently that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are important modulators of the synthesis and activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major angiogenic molecule. Moreover, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a ubiquitous stress-inducible enzyme that is induced by ROS and NO, was recently discovered to be involved in angiogenesis. Genetic overexpression of HO-1 enhanced VEGF synthesis and augmented formation of vascular capillaries, improving the blood flow in ischemic tissues. In addition, by-products of HO-1 exert numerous effects that can also influence angiogenesis in both positive and negative ways. Therefore, the antiinflammatory effects of HO-1 can attenuate the excess formation of blood vessels in inflammatory angiogenesis. In this review, the recent data on the role of HO-1 in angiogenesis are critically discussed. It is suggested that further studies using potent and specific augmentation of HO-1 gene expression by viral vectors, as well as targeted, specific inhibition of HO-1 expression, are required to elucidate fully the complex role of this enzymatic pathway in angiogenesis.     

Age-dependent increase of heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in the liver mediated by NFkappaB

Heme, the iron-porphyrin coordination complex, released from the degradation of hemoproteins, is a strong prooxidant. It is enzymatically degraded by heme oxygenase to free iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin. Biliverdin and its reduced metabolite bilirubin are two potent physiological antioxidants. Here we show a progressive increase of steady-state levels of the mRNA encoding the inducible isoform of this enzyme (heme oxygenase-1) in the rat liver during aging. We had previously reported that aging is associated with increased activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB). We now provide evidence to establish that overexpression of NFkappaB in transfected liver-derived HepG2 cells can cause a marked induction of the endogenous heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA and activation of the cotransfected HO-1 gene promoter. Taken together, these results support the conclusion that enhanced oxidative stress during aging is accompanied by compensatory induction of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1 through activation of the NFkappaB pathway.     

姜黄素通过HO/GC途径对抗高糖诱导的血管收缩功能下降

目的:研究姜黄素是否可对抗高糖诱导的血管收缩功能下降,并探讨其作用机制。方法:采用血管环离体灌流装置,观察SD大鼠胸主动脉环的收缩反应;测定主动脉胆红素生成量反映血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)的活性。结果:(1)与空白对照组(含11mmol/L葡萄糖)相比,经44mmol/L葡萄糖(高糖)孵育血管4h后,主动脉环对苯肾上腺素(PE)引起的血管收缩反应下降;(2)姜黄素(3×10-11-3×10-10mol/L)与高糖联合孵育,均能不同程度地抑制高糖诱导的血管PE收缩反应的下降;(3)姜黄素孵育后可引起血管HO活性增高;HO-1抑制剂锌原卟啉Ⅸ(ZnPP)可完全取消姜黄素的抗高糖损伤作用;(4)鸟苷酸环化酶(GC)抑制剂亚甲蓝可部分阻断姜黄素的保护作用。结论:姜黄素可能通过诱导HO-1活性增加和激活GC途径对抗高糖引起的血管收缩功能降低。     

Heme oxygenase-1, heme oxygenase-2 and biliverdin reductase in peripheral ganglia from rat, expression and plasticity

The expression of inducible and constitutive heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase was studied in normal and cultured peripheral ganglia from adult rats, using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Dramatic changes were induced by one to two days' culturing of dorsal root ganglia, nodose ganglia, otic ganglia, sphenopalatine ganglia and superior cervical ganglia. An up-regulation of inducible heme oxygenase was found in satellite cells of the cultured nodose ganglia, dorsal root ganglia, sphenopalatine ganglia and otic ganglia, whereas only a few satellite cells in the superior cervical ganglia responded with an increase in inducible heme oxygenase immunoreactivity. In the superior cervical ganglia inducible heme oxygenase also appeared in a subpopulation of macrophages. During culturing, expression of inducible heme oxygenase immunoreactivity also increased in axons and in nerve cell bodies. In situ hybridization corroborated the immunocytochemical findings, revealing a strong up-regulation of inducible heme oxygenase messenger RNA in satellite cells, and less pronounced up-regulation in nerve cell bodies. Constitutive heme oxygenase immunoreactivity was found in most neurons in all of the ganglia studied. No significant changes in constitutive heme oxygenase immunoreactivity could be observed in cultured ganglia. Biliverdin reductase immunoreactivity was barely detectable in any of the normal ganglia; however, after culturing it appeared in axons, single nerve cell bodies and nerve cell nuclei. The results show that inducible heme oxygenase is up-regulated in peripheral ganglia after axonal injury, and suggest a role for carbon monoxide in cellular signaling and a requirement for the antioxidant (bilirubin) during the regeneration process.     

携带大鼠酪氨酸羟化酶基因慢病毒载体的构建及转染

目的:构建携带增强绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)和大鼠酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)基因的慢病毒载体,转染大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rMSC),观察TH基因的表达.方法:RT-PCR方法获得大鼠TH基因,将其克隆至慢病毒载体.通过瞬时转染法包装出病毒上清,鉴定滴度.感染rMSCs,荧光显微镜下观察EGFP的表达、转染效率,RT-PCR、免疫印迹法分别检测TH mRNA和蛋白的表达情况.结果:重组慢病毒载体质粒pNL-TH-IRES2-EGFP经双酶切鉴定正确,所获TH基因经测序后与GenBank报道序列完全一致;生产的病毒浓缩后滴度为4.1×10~7TU/ml;感染rMSCs结果显示荧光激发可见绿色荧光,TH-rMSCs、空载体-rMSCs组5d转染效率差异无统计学意义.RT-PCR、免疫印迹法显示TH基因成功在rMSCs中表达.结论:成功构建带有EGFP和大鼠TH基因的慢病毒载体,并获得TH-rMSCs基因工程细胞.     

血红素加氧酶-1的抗肿瘤细胞凋亡作用研究进展

血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)是血红素分解的关键酶,其促进血红素分解释放胆绿素、CO和亚铁离子。HO-1在机体内发挥多种生物学功能,主要有减轻炎症反应、降低氧化损伤、抑制细胞凋亡以及调节细胞增殖。随着研究的不断深入,HO-1与肿瘤的相关性研究逐渐增多,表明其与肿瘤关系密切,参与调控肿瘤细胞凋亡、增殖等过程。本文主要就HO-1蛋白与肿瘤细胞凋亡的相关性作一综述。     

Expression of heme oxygenase-1 in atherosclerotic lesions.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a heme-degradation enzyme induced under various oxidative stress conditions. To elucidate the potential involvement of HO-1 in atherogenesis, the expression of this enzyme in atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and humans were examined. Both immunostaining and in situ hybridization clearly demonstrated that the expression of HO-1 was prominent in endothelium and foam cells/macrophages of thickened intima in lesions from both humans and experimental animals. The expression of this enzyme was also detected in medial smooth muscle cells of advanced lesions. The induction of HO-1 mRNA was observed in murine peritoneal macrophages after treatment with oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) but not with native LDL in a dose-dependent manner. Time course study demonstrated that the induction was prominent at 3 hours, reached a maximal induction at 6 hours, and remained evident up to 24 hours after oxidized LDL treatment. The degree of induction was in concordant with the extent of oxidation in the LDL preparation. Lysophosphatidylcholine, one of the major components present in oxidized LDL, was ineffective to induce the gene expression, suggesting that other lipophilic substances derived from LDL oxidation are responsible for the induction of HO-1. These results clearly demonstrate that HO-1 is one of the stress proteins expressed in atherosclerotic lesions.     

Protective role of heme oxygenase-1 in renal ischemia

Oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic renal injury, degrades heme proteins, such as cytochrome P450, and causes the elevation in the level of cellular free heme, which can catalyze the formation of reactive oxygen species. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation, is induced not only by its substrate, heme, but also by oxidative stress. In various models of oxidative tissue injuries, the induction of HO-1 confers protection on tissues from further damages by removing the prooxidant heme, or by virtue of the antioxidative, antiinflammatory, and/or antiapoptotic actions of one or more of the three products, i.e., carbon monoxide, biliverdin IXalpha, and iron by HO reaction. In contrast, the abrogation of HO-1 induction, or chemical inhibition of HO activity, abolishes its beneficial effect on the protection of tissues from oxidative damages. In this article, we review the protective role of HO-1 in renal ischemic injury, and its potential therapeutic applications. In addition, we summarize recent findings in the regulatory mechanism of ho-1 gene expression.