肝脏局灶性结节增生螺旋CT表现

肝脏局灶性结节增生（focalnodularhyperplasia,FNH）是肝内少见的瘤样病变,并非真正的肿瘤。既往普通CT术前诊断率较低,随着多层螺旋CT广泛应用,特别是多期增强扫描可充分反应FNH血供特点和强化特征,可进一步提高术前诊断准确率。     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生的螺旋CT影像表现,旨在提高对该病的诊断准确性。方法经手术病理证实的肝脏局灶性结节增生19例均经螺旋CT平扫与增强扫描,对其影像特征回顾性分析。结果肝脏局灶性结节增生多发生于青壮年患者,主要分布在肝脏表面,病变边界清晰,动态增强肝动脉期病灶总体显著强化,病灶内见点状、小星状、大片放射状低密度中央瘢痕影,其中大片放射状中央瘢痕延时扫描可见轻度-中度强化。结论螺旋CT动态增强扫描对肝脏局灶性结节增生的定性诊断有较高价值。     

Detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms with 16-channel multidetector row CT angiography: a prospective comparison of volume-rendered images and digital subtraction angiography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to compare multidetector row CT angiography (MDCTA) with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our blinded prospective study, 85 patients with suspected intracranial aneurysm (47 women, 38 men; age range, 19-83 years) underwent both 16-channel MDCTA and DSA. The MDCT angiograms were interpreted for the presence, location, size, ratio of the neck to the dome (N/D ratio), and lobularity of the aneurysms and relationship of the aneurysm with the adjacent arterial branches, by using volume-rendering techniques. MDCTA and DSA images (reference standard) were interpreted by 2 independent readers, and the results were compared. RESULTS: A total of 93 aneurysms were detected at DSA in 71 patients, whereas no aneurysms were detected in 14 patients. Compared with DSA, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MDCTA on a per-aneurysm basis were 92.5%, 93.3%, and 92.6%, respectively, for both independent readers. For aneurysms of <3 mm, however, MDCTA had a sensitivity of 74.1% for reader 1 and 77.8% for reader 2. There was excellent agreement between readers in the detection of aneurysms (kappa = 0.822). In addition, MDCTA was also accurate in determining N/D ratio of aneurysms, aneurysm lobularity, and adjacent arterial branches. CONCLUSION: MDCTA is accurate in the detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms and can be used as a reliable alternative imaging technique to DSA in selected cases.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的CT和DSA诊断

 目的 探讨CT和DSA对肝脏局灶性结节增生(focal nodular hyperplasia, FNH)的诊断价值。方法 收集武警四川总队医院2008-06至2016-08经病理证实的5例FNH患者的CT和数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)图像,结合文献对其临床、病理和影像表现进行回顾性分析。CT为平扫加多期增强扫描,DSA检查为选择性肝动脉造影。结果 5例均为单发肿块,CT平扫均呈密度不均、边界较清的稍低密度肿块影;增强扫描动脉期病灶均明显强化,其中心为条状或放射状无强化瘢痕影;门脉期病灶呈等密度改变,中心低密度瘢痕影无强化;延迟扫描低密度瘢痕逐渐强化。DSA中病灶表现为富血供占位,供血动脉迂曲、增粗,进入病灶后呈放射状分布显示,染色均匀,境界清楚。结论 FNH的CT多期扫描和DSA表现具有一定的特征性,二者结合对其诊断与鉴别诊断极有价值。     

肝脏局灶性结节增生CT诊断

目的:提高对肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)CT表现的认识和术前诊断准确性。方法:回顾性分析6例经手术病理确诊FNH病例的典型和不典型CT表现。结果:6例FNH病例中,4例具有较典型的CT表现:如显示中心疤痕(3例);增强早期明显均匀强化(除外疤痕)(4例);增粗与扭曲的供血动脉(3例)等。另外2例,增强早期明显不均匀强化;疤痕区不明显等,术前被误诊为肝细胞肝癌。结论:通过对典型和不典型FNH病例的平扫和增强CT分析,有助于提高对FNH的CT征象的认识,从而提高FNH术前诊断的准确性。     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的CT及MRI表现

目的:探讨肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)的螺旋CT及高场强MRI的影像学表现,提高FNH诊断准确率.方法:回顾性分析60例经手术病理证实的66个FNH.螺旋CT检查32例,MRI检查30例,其中2例同时做了CT和MRI.结果:CT发现33个病灶,MRI发现35个病灶,其中平扫中CT31个为均匀的低或稍低密度,2个为等密度,T1WI30个为低或稍低信号,5个为等信号,T2WI均呈高或稍高信号.病灶中心见点状,星状,裂隙状更低密度/信号:CT11个,T1WI16个,T2WI19个为更高信号.动脉期所有病灶均明显强化,病灶中心更低密度/信号区均未强化,病灶周围有增粗,扭曲血管影:CT7个,MRI10个.门脉期呈高或稍高密度/信号:CT21个,MRI33个.呈等密度/信号:CT10个,MRI2个.呈稍低密度:CT2个.病灶中心更低密度/信号强化:CT1个,MRI6个.延迟期呈高或稍高密度/信号:CT4个,MRI30个.呈等密度/信号:CT24个,MRI5个.呈稍低密度:CT5个.病灶中心更低密度/信号强化:CT10个,MRI15个.结论:平扫和动态增强螺旋CT及高场强MRI能较全面显示FNH的病理特征和血供特点,提高了和其它肝脏肿瘤的鉴别诊断能力.     

Radiologic features of focal nodular hyperplasia. Comparison with hepatocellular carcinoma by angiography and CT scan]

Radiographic features of eight focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of livers of 6 patients were described in comparison with those of 72 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In arterial angiograms, 3 of the examined 4 FNH showed a large tumor vessel entering the center of the lesion. However, 1 of the examined HCC (1/39) had such a vessel. Tumor vessels in all of the examined FNH (4/4) were mainly curvilinear, without an encased and obstructive appearance. These angiographic features were not found in the examined HCC (0/39). Spoke-wheel patterns of tumor vessels were observed in 2 FNH (2/4) and in 3 HCC (3/39). In CT scan without contrast imaging, 5 HCC (5/39) and 3 FNH (3/5) were isodense. One of HCC (1/50) and 3 FNH (3/5) were isodense in the late phases of dynamic CT images. 4 HCC (4/50) and 4 FNH (4/5) had an irregular margin in the lesions. 5 HCC (5/50) and 4 FNH (4/5) demonstrated central low density areas in lesions in the early phases of dynamic CT imaging. In the late phases of the image, central high density areas in lesions were found in 2 HCC (2/50) and 3 FNH (3/5). Based on the above radiographic features such as a large tumor vessel having a curvilineal appearance, irregular margin of the lesions in FNH, we conclude that it is possible to make a differential diagnosis between FNH and HCC clinically.     

Hepatic adenomas and focal nodular hyperplasia: dynamic CT study

A retrospective, multi-institutional study was carried out on a series of 50 histologically proved benign hepatic tumors. The 27 hepatic adenomas (HAs) and 23 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) were studied with ultrasonography (US) and dynamic computed tomography (CT). Angiography was performed in 26 cases (15 HAs, 11 FNHs); scintigraphy was not used because of its cost. US scans proved nonspecific. CT scans demonstrated hemorrhage in five HAs and were useful in characterizing tumoral vascularity and any intratumoral features such as necrosis or central fibrous scar. The presence of arterial vessels (five patients) in the projection of this central fibrous scar is suggestive of FNH. Dynamic CT scans did not show the type of tumor in most cases. In cases with lesions greater than 3 cm for which doubt as to the diagnosis persists, combined use of morphologic data, scintigraphy, dynamic CT scanning, and angiography can guide the therapeutic decision: surgery or follow-up CT study after use of oral contraceptives is stopped.     

Focal nodular hyperplasia: lesion evaluation using 16-MDCT and 3D CT angiography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to present the imaging features of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) using MDCT and 3D CT angiography. CONCLUSION: MDCT with advanced image processing is a powerful tool that may be utilized to identify the imaging features of FNH. These include the presence of large feeding arteries and draining veins, pseudocapsule, central scar, and septations. These features can help in the differentiation of this benign lesion from other hypervascular lesions without the need for additional imaging, biopsy, or surgery.     

Diagnosis of arterial sequestration using multidetector CT angiography

Background

Arterial sequestration is a rare congenital disorder. The diagnostic evaluation of this condition using multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) has not been described previously. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristic features of this disorder and to assess the use of MDCT in visualizing the characteristic anatomic features.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of seven patients with anomalous systemic blood supply to left lower lobe of the lung. All the patients had undergone MDCT angiography. To evaluate the lung parenchyma, bronchial branching pattern, and vascular anatomy, four series of images were systematically reconstructed as follows: contiguous transverse CT scans viewed at mediastinal and pulmonary window settings, oblique coronal and sagittal maximum intensity projections (MIP), multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), and three-dimensional volume-rendered images (VR) of airway and thoracic vascular structures.

Results

All 7 cases had isolated and tortuous arterial anatomy from the descending thoracic aorta to the basal segment of the left lower lobe; however, variable distribution of branches was observed. Characteristic findings of anomalous systemic arterial (ASA) supply were distinct from those seen in other pulmonary sequestration syndromes and were well visualized by the use of noninvasive MDCT.

Conclusion

Complex CT findings allow clear imaging of arterial sequestration and the ASA blood supply; MDCT angiography has demonstrated its value and accuracy in diagnosing this condition, obviating the use of digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance angiography for the diagnosis of arterial sequestration.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的CT多期扫描表现及病理对照研究

目的：评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）多期扫描对肝脏局灶性结节增生的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析12例经病理确诊为肝脏局灶性结节增生的患者,对其MSCT的平扫、动脉期、门脉期及延迟期共4期扫描图像进行分析,并与病理结果进行对照研究。结果本组12例病例男女比例为7∶5,年龄20~65岁,平均年龄34岁。12例患者均进行CT四期扫描,共观察到病灶12个,病灶位于肝脏左外叶2个,左内叶3个,右前叶4个,右后叶3个,最大平面直径范围为1．7~4．8 cm,平均（3．1±1．3）cm。病灶CT平扫呈等密度5个,低密度7个,等密度者无法显示病灶边缘,低密度者2例病灶边界清楚,5例病灶边界显示模糊,其中可见更低密度瘢痕组织3例。CT增强动脉期显示12例病灶均呈明显强化,其中5例可见中央瘢痕或条索状低密度影,中间瘢痕组织无强化,11例病灶边界显示清晰,均未见包膜;门脉期病灶较动脉期密度降低,但仍较肝脏组织密度高,中间瘢痕组织无明显强化,仍呈低密度;延迟期病灶呈等密度为主,瘢痕组织可见强化,与病灶呈等密度分辨不清。结论MSCT多期扫描在肝脏局灶性结节增生的影像表现方面有一定的特征性,在诊断及鉴别诊断中有很好的作用,但确诊还需要病理诊断。     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的MRI分析

目的：探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）的MRI表现特点。方法：11例FNH共12个结节行MRI平扫,其中10例10个结节行动态增强。11例均经手术或穿刺活检证实。对病灶的MRI一般和特殊表现进行分析并与病理对照。结果：12个结节中T1WI呈稍低、等信号,T2WI呈稍高、等信号9个;T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号2个;T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号1个。12个结节中信号不均匀4个,9个结节见疤痕,2个结节见包膜,3个结节周围见胆管受压移位。增强扫描动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期均强化9个,2个结节动脉期强化,延迟期大部分实质低于正常肝组织,2个结节边缘见包膜样强化;6个病灶见疤痕强化,1个结节疤痕无强化,3个结节平扫与增强未见疤痕。结论：绝大多数FNH的MRI表现具有一定的特征性,少部分结节表现不典型,经认真观察与分析,能作出正确诊断。     

16层螺旋CT诊断肝局灶结节样增生临床特征分析

目的探讨16层螺旋C T平扫及增强扫描在肝局灶结节样增生临床诊断中的应用价值。方法本研究对经手术病理检查确诊为肝局灶结节样增生的患者进行螺旋CT平扫和三期增强扫描,对其影像学特征进行回顾性分析。结果本组患者C T平扫显示其中单发47例,多发3例,共计55个病灶;呈圆形或类圆形,边缘清晰,其中位于右肝36例,位于左肝14例;病灶大小为2．3cm×1．7cm×1．3cm～7．5cm×6．0cm×5．2cm。CT平扫发现46个病灶为稍低密度,9个病灶为近似等密度。动脉期所有肝局灶结节样增生患者均有明显的高密度,接近于同层腹主动脉密度,其中45个密度均匀,10个密度不均匀,并且病灶内均可见增粗的供血动脉。门脉期所有肝局灶结节样增生患者中有26个病灶为稍高密度,23个病灶为等密度,中央瘢痕仍为低密度,6个病灶为低密度。延迟期所有肝局灶结节样增生患者中有32个病灶为等密度,23个病灶为低密度。FNH患者病灶部位的平扫及动脉CT值与正常肝实质比较有显著性差异（ t ＝16．52、11．32,P ＜0．05）。而在门脉期和延迟期,FNH病灶与正常肝实质比较则无显著性差异（ t ＝0．69、1．03,P ＞0．05）。FNH患者在平扫、动脉期、门脉期、延迟期的大病灶与小病灶的密度值比较无显著性差异（ t ＝0．44、0．68、1．15、0．85,P＞0．05）。结论16层螺旋C T三期增强扫描中有特征性表现,结合临床特点具有重要的临床应用价值。     

肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)的影像诊断

本文回顾分析了8例FNH的平扫和动态增强CT和MR表现,并复习文献,旨在提高对本病的诊断准确性。1材料与方法1.1一般资料收集我院经临床、病理证实的8例FNH,其中男5例,女3例,年龄22~58岁,平均38岁。4例无任何症状,2例因上腹部隐痛而行影像学检查,1例因肺部病变行胸部CT扫描时偶然发现肝Ⅷ段结节灶。所有病例无肝炎病史,AFP阴性,其它各种肿瘤标志物检查均为阴性。1.2方法7例使用SomatomPlus 4螺旋CT机行CT平扫和动脉期(注射对比剂后25~30s)、门脉期(注射对比剂后50~60s)、延迟期扫描(注射对比剂后3~4min),2例延迟15min扫描。常规层厚5~…     

Spontaneous regression of a focal nodular hyperplasia

The authors report a case of near complete regression of a focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver over a course of 10 years in a 39 year old woman. This presentation is atypical because of its imaging features (initially typically hypervascular, to eventually become a fibrous scar after undergoing a pseudo-angiomatous phase) and because of its near complete spontaneous regression.