食管带膜支架治疗恶性食管及贲门病变的效果观察

目的 探讨食管带膜支架治疗晚期食管癌、贲门癌及肿瘤手术后复发引起的食管狭窄、食管气管瘘、食管纵隔瘘的效果.方法 对72例晚期食管癌、贲门癌食管狭窄、食管气管瘘以及食管纵隔瘘的患者进行自膨式镍钛记忆合金网状带膜管形支架置入术治疗.结果 72例支架置入过程均顺利,术后吞咽困难症状明显改善,近期进食梗阻缓解率为100％.食管气管瘘、食管纵隔瘘的患者瘘口封堵完全,进食呛咳、吞咽困难等症状消失.结论 食管内带膜支架置入术是恶性食管、贲门病变患者良好的姑息性治疗手段.     

内镜下食管支架置入术57例临床分析

目的内镜下治疗食管癌性狭窄及食管气管瘘的疗效分析。方法对57例因食管癌并发癌性狭窄及食管瘘患者采用内镜下放置自膨式覆膜金属支架,其中晚期食管贲门癌性狭窄42例,食管癌放疗后狭窄5例,食管气管瘘4例,术后吻合口狭窄4例及术后吻合口瘘2例。结果 57例病例支架均一次置入成功,未发生与操作有直接关系的并发症,其中除一例食管癌术后并发食管气管瘘患者在支架置入术后短期出现严重DSS(食管支架植入术后贴壁不良综合征),其余患者吞咽困难及呛咳症状均立即得到不同程度改善,随访1~24个月,其中有34例患者死于晚期肿瘤进展,18例出现再次狭窄,2例出现因支架磨损或病情发展所致食管瘘。结论内镜下食管支架置入能显著缓解因食管狭窄所致的吞咽困难和呛咳并减轻痛苦,提高患者生活质量。     

内镜下置放金属带膜支架治疗食管气管瘘21例应用观察

食管气管瘘在临床上并不少见,多见于中晚期食管癌患者并发症或术后吻合口瘘,食管癌放疗后,严重影响患者的生活质量。我院近年来开展内镜下置放金属带膜支架治疗食管气管瘘,近期效果满意。现报告如下:1临床资料1.1一般资料我院1999年10月～2004年9月门诊及住院患者经内镜碘油造影及吞钡X线照片,结合病检等确诊食管癌并发食管气管瘘,行内镜直视下金属带膜支架置放者21例。其中男15例,女6例;年龄最大者81岁,最小者57岁,平均71.6岁。其中自发性14例,食管癌放疗后5例,化疗后1例,术后肿瘤复发吻合口瘘1例。主要临床表现:吞咽呛咳21例,吞咽困难19…     

高位食管癌食管-气管瘘内镜下封堵术的临床护理

【】目的：探讨高位食管癌,食管-气管瘘内镜下全覆膜金属支架置入封堵术的临床护理要点。方法：对25例高位食管癌食管-气管瘘的临床护理资料,进行了回顾性的分析。结果：25例内镜下全覆膜金属支架封堵术均获成功(手术成功率100%)。术中无出血、穿孔等严重并发症。支架置入封堵术后患者进食呛咳、吞咽困难症状迅速缓解,肺部感染有了明显好转,术后并发症发生率12%(3/25),其中2例为严重胸痛,经口服止痛药物缓解。1例支架移位,内镜下应用异物钳对支架进行了调整。结论：全覆膜食管金属支架置入封堵术治疗高位食管癌食管-气管瘘,不仅可立即缓解患者吞咽困难,而且患者耐受度高。术中良好的护理配合,严密的病情观察,有利于支架顺利置入封堵。术前术后护理干预,可减少术后并发症发生率,对术后并发症快速恢复,及时阻止并发症的继续恶化,有效控制肺部感染,改善患者生活质量,具有十分重要的意义。     

金属带膜自膨式支架在放疗后食管气管瘘中的临床应用

目的：探索放置金属带膜自膨式支架治疗放疗后食管气管瘘的功效厦生存时间。方法：在遥控X光机监视导引下，18例放疗后食管气管瘘的患者放置了自膨式金属带膜支架。结果：18根支架被成功释放，气管食管瘘口完全封堵，饮水呛咳立即改善。并发症胸骨后疼痛13例，气管受压2例，上消化道少量出血8例。结论：置入金属带膜支架是治疗放疗后食管气管瘘安全有效的方法，达到了解除症状，提高生活质量，延长生命的目的。     

带膜支架材料治疗晚期食管癌30例

背景:大量的临床报道证实覆膜支架材料治疗食管癌性梗阻改善率达95%以上,支架置入技术操作容易,治疗痛苦较小,比较安全.目的:回顾性分析带膜支架材料置入治疗晚期食管癌引起的管腔狭窄及食管气管瘘患者临床效果.方法:30例食管恶性狭窄患者,术前均行食道钡餐检查及胃镜病理确诊,并经食管覆膜镍钛合金支架材料置入治疗,回顾性分析其临床资料,评价支架材料治疗效果并探讨手术并发症的相关因素与对策.结果与结论:30例患者共置入37枚覆膜食管支架材料,均1次性置入成功.术后患者吞咽困难、呛咳症状迅速缓解消失,未发生严重的并发症.说明食管内带膜支架材料置入治疗晚期食管癌狭窄,能迅速缓解吞咽困难,使食管气管瘘呛咳现象消失,改善摄食状况.     

带膜支架材料治疗晚期食管癌30例

背景：大量的临床报道证实覆膜支架材料治疗食管癌性梗阻改善率达95%以上,支架置入技术操作容易,治疗痛苦较小,比较安全。目的：回顾性分析带膜支架材料置入治疗晚期食管癌引起的管腔狭窄及食管气管瘘患者临床效果。方法：30例食管恶性狭窄患者,术前均行食道钡餐检查及胃镜病理确诊,并经食管覆膜镍钛合金支架材料置入治疗,回顾性分析其临床资料,评价支架材料治疗效果并探讨手术并发症的相关因素与对策。结果与结论：30例患者共置入37枚覆膜食管支架材料,均1次性置入成功。术后患者吞咽困难、呛咳症状迅速缓解消失,未发生严重的并发症。说明食管内带膜支架材料置入治疗晚期食管癌狭窄,能迅速缓解吞咽困难,使食管气管瘘呛咳现象消失,改善摄食状况。     

内镜直视下置放记忆合金支架治疗食管狭窄85例报告

目的 对内镜直视下放置记忆合金支架治疗食管狭窄进行疗效评价。方法 85例食管狭窄患者，其中食管癌50例，贲门癌18例，食管癌术后吻合口狭窄10例，食管～气管瘘4例，贲门失迟缓症3例，均进行电子胃镜直视下放置镍钛记忆合金支架；对狭窄程度重，胃镜不能通过者，先行Savary探条扩张，再行内镜直视下放置支架。结果 85例均1次成功置入支架，有效率100％；4例食管-气管瘘者置入带膜支架后进食、水，呛咳即刻消失。结论 内镜下放置支撑架可避免支架移位，避免工作人员及病员受X线照射：尤其适用于食管-气管瘘者。与非直视下置入支架相比，内镜直视下放置支架，更安全有效，并发症发生率更低，是值得推广的方法。     

食管带膜支架置入术治疗食管气管瘘的护理

总结了27例食管带膜支架置入术治疗食管气管瘘的护理措施.主要包括术前准备、心理护理、严密观察病情、饮食护理等.经治疗护理食管气管瘘患者均成功置入支架、完成瘘口封堵,有效地控制了呼吸道感染,患者生活质量明显改善.认为通过加强术前、术中及术后护理,做好饮食指导和并发症的监护,有助于提高食管带膜支架置入术患者的生存质量.     

金属支架置入治疗食管恶性梗阻性疾病的疗效分析

目的探讨国产自膨式金属支架治疗晚期食管、贲门癌患者吞咽困难及食管气管瘘的临床疗效。方法178例晚期食管、贲门癌患者(食管气管瘘15例)采用内镜直视下置入法和X线监视下置入法置入自膨式医用记忆合金支架。结果178例食管恶性梗阻患者支架置入成功率达97.19%,术后1周吞咽困难恢复至Stooler分级0级55例,Ⅰ级96例,Ⅱ级27例,较术前明显改善(P<0.001),15例食管气管瘘病人瘘口封堵率100%。178例患者除1例术后窒息死亡未列入随访范畴外,13例患者失访,164例患者临床随访1～20个月。患者生存时间1～20个月,平均(7.82±3.42)个月。统计学分析显示:腺癌患者的生存期明显短于鳞癌,食管梗阻合并食管气管瘘的患者生存期明显短于不合并食管气管瘘的患者(P<0.001)。并发症中以胸骨后及上腹部疼痛和反流性食管炎、出血较常见,分别为71.34%、40.45%和28.65%,穿孔、支架移位、支架堵塞及窒息的发生率较低,分别为1.69%、2.81%、6.12%和0.56%。结论国产自膨式金属支架能快速并且长时间地缓解吞咽困难,改善经口营养,提高生存质量,延长生存时间;同时也可迅速、有效地封闭食管气管瘘口,是一种简便、安全、疗效可靠的姑息治疗方法。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.