多种中药对泛耐药肺炎克雷伯菌体外抗菌活性筛选

目的筛选对泛耐药肺炎克雷伯菌有抗菌活性的中药,并初步探究其体外抑菌机制。方法从60种中药颗粒剂中,筛选对28株泛耐药菌有体外抗菌活性的中药。调整有抗菌活性药液pH至中性,比较调整pH前后抑菌效果差异。检测有抑菌活性中药的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、最小杀菌浓度（MBC）、联合抑菌效果以及对细菌细胞外碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性改变。结果筛选出黄芩、黄连、麻黄和鸡血藤等4种对泛耐药菌均有抑菌作用的中药,其MIC依次为:64、64（82.1%黄连菌株）、128（19.9%）、128、256 mg/mL;MBC依次为:128、64（28.6%黄连菌株）、128（71.4%）、256、512 mg/mL。4种中药调整pH前后抑菌效果均无差异（P>0.05）。黄连和黄芩联合应用时的FIC值均>2。随着4种药物浓度的增加,ALP的浓度均升高,其中黄芩和黄连作用后的ALP浓度升高更为明显。结论黄芩、黄连、麻黄和鸡血藤具有良好的体外抗菌效果,其中黄芩和黄连的抗菌机制可能与增加细胞膜的通透性有关;但黄芩和黄连联合用药有拮抗作用。     

黄芩、黄连、五味子对5种多重耐药菌抑菌作用的实验研究

目的:探讨黄芩、黄连、五味子三种中药对多重耐药菌株的抑菌作用。方法:制备黄芩、黄连、五味子药液,采用试管二倍稀释法进行体外抑菌试验,分别测定它们对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、屎肠球菌及大肠埃希菌五种多重耐药细菌的最低抑菌浓度。结果:黄芩、黄连、五味子对不同的耐药菌有不同程度的抑菌作用,五味子的抑菌作用显著高于黄芩、黄连。结论:五味子对多重耐药菌均有一定的抑菌作用,可尝试用于临床多重耐药菌的治疗。     

中药对儿童耐药肺炎链球菌体外抑菌试验的研究

目的探讨中草药对肺炎链球菌的体外抑菌作用。方法用临床分离细菌为受试菌,采用微量稀释法,观察黄连、千里光等10种中草药水煎剂的最低抑菌浓度。结果10种中草药水煎剂均有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中黄连、千里光抑菌效果最好,黄连水煎剂对肺炎链球菌MIC范围(1．95—15．65)g／L,MIC50为3．25g／L,MIC90为7．18g／L;千里光水煎剂对肺炎链球菌MIC范围(1．95～15．65)g／L,MIC50为4．74s／L,MIC^90为14．66s／L;其次有黄芩、大黄等。结论黄连、千里光等中药在体外对肺炎链球菌有较强抑菌作用。     

臭灵丹对幽门螺杆菌的体外抑菌实验研究

目的探讨臭灵丹对幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)甲硝唑耐药株及敏感株的体外抑制作用。方法琼脂稀释法检测H.pylori甲硝唑耐药株和敏感株对臭灵丹水煎剂的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),并计算MIC50、MIC75、MIC90。结果臭灵丹对H.pylori的MIC值范围为3.125～200mg/ml,H.pylori甲硝唑耐药株和敏感株对臭灵丹水煎剂的敏感性无统计学差异(相对中位数潜力1.153,95%的可信区间为0.84～1.602),臭灵丹对H.pylori甲硝唑耐药株和敏感株的MIC50分别为21.2mg/ml和18.8mg/ml,MIC75分别为42.4mg/ml和36.9mg/ml,MIC90分别为77.9mg/ml和67.8mg/ml。结论臭灵丹有良好的抑菌效果,H.pylori甲硝唑耐药株及敏感株都对其敏感。     

中药苦豆子体外抗幽门螺杆菌的实验研究

目的观察苦豆子对幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)的体外抑菌作用。方法采用煎煮法与超声波浸提法获取苦豆子不同提取物;纸片扩散法粗测抑菌浓度,琼脂稀释法测定两种提取物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果苦豆子水煎剂对H.pylori的MIC为100mg/ml,苦豆子乙醇提取物对H.pylori的MIC为25mg/ml。结论两种苦豆子提取物均有较好的体外抗H.pylori作用,苦豆子乙醇提取物对H.pylori的抑菌效果优于水煎剂。     

生姜、苦瓜、木瓜对幽门螺杆菌甲硝唑耐药株及敏感株的体外实验研究

目的:探讨生姜、苦瓜、木瓜对幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)甲硝唑耐药株及敏感株的体外抑制作用.方法:(1)制备苦瓜、生姜、木瓜水提液;(2)琼脂稀释法检测苦瓜水提液、生姜水提液、木瓜水提液对H.pylori甲硝唑耐药株和敏感株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),并计算MIC50、MIC75、MIC90.结果:苦瓜对H.pylori的MIC值范围为0.0048828～0.625g/ml,H.pylorj甲硝唑耐药株和敏感株对苦瓜水提液的敏感性无统计学差异;生姜对H.pylori的MIC值范围为0.01953125～1.25g/ml,H.pylori甲硝唑耐药株和敏感株对生姜水提液的敏感性无统计学差异;木瓜对H.pylori的MIC值范围为0.0136719～1.75g/ml,H.pylori甲硝唑耐药株和敏感株对木瓜水提液的敏感性无统计学差异.结论:苦瓜、生姜、木瓜水提液在体外各自对H.pylori甲硝唑耐药株及敏感株均有良好的抑菌效果.     

乌药成分异乌药内酯抗H.pylori及其抗菌谱的筛选

目的 筛选异乌药内酯的抗菌谱.方法 微量稀释法检测异乌药内酯对不同H.pylori菌株及非H.pylori菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果 异乌药内酯对敏感和耐药H.pylori菌株的MIC均为8～16μg/ml;异乌药内酯对金黄色葡萄球菌等非H.pylori菌株的MIC均>128μg/ml.结论 异乌药内酯对H.p...     

几种中药体外对大肠埃希菌引发泌尿系统感染疗效分析

目的研究几种中药体外对大肠埃希菌引发泌尿系统感染的治疗效果,分析五倍子、黄连、黄柏对大肠埃希菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。方法选择我院中药房清热药物五倍子、黄芩、黄连进行研究,分别制备中药水煎剂、菌悬液,最后进行抑菌试验分析。结果阳性组与阴性组MIC平均值对比,3种中药均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论中药清热药物具有明显抑菌作用,不同的中药抑菌范围特定,临床只要做到合理选择,就可以有效抑制细菌耐药性产生。     

黄连、黄柏对耐万古霉素肠球菌抑菌活性的研究

目的：检测中药黄连、黄柏对耐万古霉素肠球菌体外抑菌活性。方法：用水煮沸法提取中药黄连、黄柏;采用美国国家临床实验室标准委员会（NCCLS）推荐的琼脂稀释法测定黄连、黄柏水提取液及其不同配伍液对耐万古霉素肠球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果：中药黄连提取液的MIC50为7．00mg／mL,MIC90为56．00mg／mL;黄柏MIC50为16．00mg／mL,MIC90为128．00mg／mL;黄连：黄柏（1：1）MIC50为1．93mg／mL,MAC如为15．38mg／mL;黄连：黄柏（1：2）MIC50为3．95mg／mL,MIC90为31．50mg／mL;黄连：黄柏（2：1）MIC如为0．91mg／mL,MIC50为7．25mg／mL。结论：黄连、黄柏提取液对耐万古霉素肠球菌均有较好的抑菌作用,其中黄连抑菌效果比黄柏为好;黄连、黄柏配伍液中,以2：1的配伍抑菌效果最好。     

中药对广州地区流感嗜血杆菌抑菌作用研究

目的:探讨中草药对广州地区流感嗜血杆菌的体外抑菌作用。方法:采用琼脂稀释法检测流感嗜血杆菌对中药的最低抑菌浓度。结果:6种中草药水煎剂均有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中黄连抑菌效果最好,黄连水煎剂对流感嗜血杆菌MIC50为1g/L,MIC90为2g/L。结论:中药对流感嗜血杆菌有不同程度抑菌作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.