红细胞衰老过程中临床血液参数,红细胞免疫粘附功能的改变及其临…

选用１４例青年人及１７例老年人的血样品，采用聚蔗糖密度度离心方法，获得表青龄红细胞及龄红细胞，并分别测定青龄龄红细胞的血液参数及免疫粘附功能。结果发现：ａ．血液参数的变化：老龄红细胞的平均体积变小；平均血红蛋白含量增加；血红蛋白浓度增加；体积分布宽度增国     

缺铁性贫血的5项指标测定及临床意义

观察２００例缺铁性贫血（ＩＤＡ）患者的骨髓细胞外铁、血清铁（ＳＩ）、血清铁蛋白（ＳＦ）、红细胞平均容积（ＭＣＶ）和红细胞平均血红蛋白（ＭＣＨ）的异常分布情况，结果提示异常率：骨髓细胞外铁＞ＳＦ＞ＳＩ＞ＭＣＶ和ＭＣＨ，而ＭＣＶ和ＭＣＨ符合小细胞低色素性贫血的占８０．５％；上述指标中每２项指标组合检出ＩＤＡ增加，除骨髓细胞外铁与任一项组合检出率为１００％外，其次ＳＦ与ＳＩ、ＭＣＶ和ＭＣＨ组合检出率亦较高，达９２．５％～９７％。观察发现４％ＩＤＡ患者ＳＦ正常，临床无明显并发症；另外，对２００例ＩＤＡ患者的测定指标进行统计学处理：分析了ＳＦ、ＳＩ、ＭＣＶ、ＭＣＨ、血红蛋白对铁剂应用前后的变化情况及相关关系。     

多发性硬化和格林－巴利综合征患者红细胞免疫的研究

为研究多发性硬化（ＭＳ）及格林－巴利综合征（ＧＢＳ）患者是否存在红细胞免疫异常以及该异常与临床的关系，采用红细胞免疫粘附实验方法对这两类病人治疗前后的红细胞免疫功能及循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）进行了观察。结果两类患者治疗前后的红细胞－补体Ｃ３ｂ受体－酵母菌花环形成率显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＧＢＳ患者的红细胞－免疫复合物－酵母菌花环形成率及ＣＩＣ的水平显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；另外，重型的ＧＢＳ组和活动的ＭＳ组免疫指标与轻型的ＧＢＳ组和稳定的ＭＳ组相比有一定的差异；各组治疗后各项指标的变化与病情的轻重及好转有一定相关性。这些结果反映了ＧＢＳ及ＭＳ患者的红细胞免疫粘附能力下降或许是发病因素之一。     

多发性硬化和格林—巴利综合征患者红细胞免疫的研究

为研究多发性硬化（ＭＳ）及格林－巴利综合征（ＧＢＳ）患者是否存在红细胞免疫异常以及该异常与临床的关系，采用红细胞免疫粘附实验方法对这两类病人治疗前后的红细胞免疫功能及循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）进行了观察，结果两类患者治疗前后的红细胞－补体Ｃ３ｂ受体－酵母菌花环形成率显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），而ＧＢＳ患者的红细胞－免疫复合物－酵母菌花环形成率及ＣＩＣ水平显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；另外，重型     

潜在型克山病患者红细胞免疫功能及其与硒水平的关系

本报道了潜在型克山病患红细胞免疫功能和血清免疫调节因子及血硒含量的检测结果，发现克山病患和病区健康人群红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率及全血硒含量明显低于非病区健康人群（Ｐ〈０．０１），红细胞免疫粘附抑制率却明显高于非病区健康人群（Ｐ〈０．０１），但免疫复合物花环率和免疫粘附促进率则无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。提示克山病患和病区健康人群红细胞免疫功能低下，可能与缺硒和血清免疫粘附抑制因子增加有关。     

老年人红细胞免疫状态的分析

目的对老年人红细胞免疫功能的影响因素进行研究。方法采用Ｃ３ｂ致敏酵母血凝法研究红细胞膜Ｃ３ｂ受体活性的变化，采用红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环影响试验研究血清中红细胞免疫调节因子的变化，采用促肿瘤红细胞花环试验研究血清中其它红细胞免疫粘附影响因素的变化。结果老年人红细胞免疫功能明显低于青年人。３２例老年人红细胞免疫抑制因子为３７．１％±３．２％，与６５例中青年人２３．４％±３．１％相比差异有非常显著性（Ｐ值＜０．０１）；老年人红细胞免疫促进因子是７０．２％±１７．２％，与中青年人１２６．１％±１８．０％相比差异有非常显著性（Ｐ值＜０．０１）。老年人红细胞粘附肿瘤细胞促进因子是２３．９％±５．３％，明显低于中青年人的３０．４％±９．５％（Ｐ值＜０．０１）。结论结果显示老年人红细胞免疫功能的减弱与多种影响因素的变化有关。     

恶性血液病患者红细胞免疫粘附功能的观察

恶性血液病患者红细胞免疫粘附功能的观察广东省人民医院血液内科杜欣本文采用红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环试验方法，测定了３１例恶性血液病患者红细胞膜Ｃ３ｂ受体活性，以反映红细胞的免疫粘附功能。结果表明，上述恶性血液病患者红细胞膜Ｃ３ｂ受体活性均低于正常对照组（Ｐ...     

血瘀证患者血细胞参数与血液流变学指标的相关性分析

对９６例血瘀证患者和６０例健康人进行了血细胞参数和血液流变学指标的对比分析，结果表明：①平均红细胞体积（ＭＣＶ）、红细胞体积分配宽度（ＲＤＷ－ＣＶ）、平均血小板体积（ＭＰＲ）、血小板体积分配宽度（ＰＤＷ）４项血细胞参数和全血粘度、全血还原粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞沉降率、血沉方程Ｋ值５项血液流变学指标，血瘀证组明显高于健康对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），其余指标两组相差不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）②血瘀证组血细胞参数和血液流变学指标的阳性检出率分别为９１．７％和８７．５％，两组相差不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；③血细胞参数与血液流变学指标对血瘀证诊断的特异性基本一致，而其敏感性，前者明显好于后者。由于血细胞参数的测定用血量少，具有操作简便、经济、快速、便于动态观察等优点，与血液流变学指标相比，具有明显的临床实用价值。     

老年NIDDM患者RBC免疫粘附功能和SOD的变化

老年ＮＩＤＤＭ患者ＲＢＣ免疫粘附功能和ＳＯＤ的变化马晓慧苏彬王芳兰州军区总医院（７３００５０）表１老年ＮＩＤＤＭ患者红细胞免疫粘附功能变化（ｘ±ｓ，％）例数ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂ花环率ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ花环率ＲＦＩＲＲＦＥＲ对照组２０１６．２４±３．８９５．８８±...     

肺心病患者红细胞免疫功能与活性氧关系的研究

目的：探讨肺心病患者红细胞免疫功能。方法：对３０例肺心病急性加重期患者采用化学比色法测定血清超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及丙二醛（ＭＤＡ），用红细胞酵母菌花环法测定红细胞免疫粘附功能。结果：肺心病急性加重期血清ＳＯＤ下降，ＭＤＡ升高，红细胞膜表面的Ｃ３ｂ受体（ＲＢＣＣ３ｂＲ）下降，红细胞免疫复合物（ＲＢＣＩＣ）升高，与健康对照组比较均具有显著差异（Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜００１）。直线相关分析：ＳＯＤ与ＲＢＣＣ３ｂＲ呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜００１），ＭＤＡ与ＲＢＣＣ３ｂＲ呈显著负相关（Ｐ＜００１），ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ与ＲＢＣＩＣ无线性相关关系。结论：肺心病急性加重期活性氧的增加是引起红细胞免疫粘附功能下降的一个重要原因。     

The microrheological behavior of young and old red blood cells in athletes

Previous studies have shown a difference in rheological properties of young versus senescent RBCs. There are data that the athletes blood has more young RBCs than untrained people. Our research was a comparative study of the microrheological properties of young and old RBCs in athletes and in untrained people that was as control group. In athletes (men, n=24) and group of the control (men, n=20) the following parameters were measured: RBC aggregation (ARBC; Myrenne aggregometer) and deformability, RBC suspension and plasma viscosity as well as osmolarity, albumin, globulin and fibrinogen concentration, MCHC. Red cells were density (i.e., age) fractionated by the method of Murphy. After centrifugation the top 10% of the packed cell column (RBCtop, relatively young cells) and the bottom 10% (RBCbot, relatively old cells) were resuspended at 40.0+/-0.4% (in plasma) for aggregation, deformation and suspension viscosity measurements. It was found significant difference in aggregation and rigidity of the all RBC subpopulations between athletes and control group. The difference in aggregation was associated with reduced fibrinogen and increased ratio albumin/globulin in athletes. Besides, the correlation between aggregation RBCtop and RBCbot with fibrinogen was decreased in athletes. It was one of the cause of high fluidity of the RBCtop- and RBCbot suspensions and whole blood in athletes and more effective oxygen transport than in untrained people.     

Two distinct categories of warm autoantibody reactivity with age-fractionated red cells

Using age-fractionated erythrocytes, warm autoantibodies can be classified into two distinct categories, depending on their reactivity with reticulocyte-enriched (younger) or reticulocyte-poor (older) red cell fractions. The strength of the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) on the age-fractionated red cells of 24 patients indicated that 19 (79%) had an IgG warm autoantibody that reacted preferentially with older red blood cells. In 7 of these 19 patients (37%), the DAT was negative using reticulocyte-enriched red cell fractions. We have termed this preferential reactivity of warm autoantibodies with older red cells as type I. Five of the 24 patients studied (21%) had an IgG warm autoantibody that demonstrated no preference for young or older red cells. We have termed this pattern of warm autoantibody reactivity as type II. All 5 patients having type II warm autoantibodies had severe anemia. In contrast, 6 of 19 patients having type I warm autoantibody did not have clinical evidence of anemia when tested, and 11 of the 19 had only slight to moderate anemia. Additionally, our results using type I warm autoantibody raise questions regarding the blood group specificity of warm autoantibodies. The antigen recognized by type I warm autoantibody may be a cryptantigen. Rh specificity or relative Rh specificity, often associated with warm autoantibodies, may simply be a coincidental finding.     

Clinical laboratory diagnosis and aging. 3: Evaluation of a study of aging--complete blood and urine status

The results of the determination of hematologic values from 262 men and 242 women, participants of an aging study and half of each group 44.4 +/- 0.9 and 63.0 +/- 0.9 (men) and 44.4 +/- 0.9 and 62.8 +/- 0.8 years old (women), respectively, are compared. In men, one analyte (hemoglobin decreasing) and four indices show significant differences (MCV increasing, MCH decreasing, MCHC decreasing, RDW increasing). In the older group, the iron level and the transferrin saturation are also significantly lower. In women, erythrocytes and the hematocrit are significantly higher in the older group whereas the indices MCH and MCHC are lower and the RDW increases. At the same time, the iron level, transferrin and the transferrin saturation decrease whereas ferritin doubles. The sex differences of the hematologic parameters are more pronounced in the younger participants and especially remarkable in ferritin in both age groups. The results of the semiquantitative analysis of ten urine parameters by reagent strip show differences with respect to sex (e.g., leucocytes and erythrocytes) and age (e.g., specific gravity, pH, nitrite, protein, erythrocytes). The usefulness of the estimation of glucose in urine is discussed in connection with the corresponding serum glucose levels.     

Neuroendocrine–immune interactions in healthy aging

Aim: The nervous, endocrine and immune systems are connected by shared neurotransmitters, hormones and cytokines. The function of these systems shows patterns of circadian rhythmicity and a number of age‐related changes in the 24‐h hormonal and non‐hormonal rhythms have been found in older human beings. The aim of this study was to evaluate integration among the nervous, endocrine and immune systems in the elderly. Methods: Cortisol and melatonin serum levels were measured and lymphocyte subpopulation analyses were performed on blood samples collected every 4 h for 24 h from 15 healthy young‐middle‐aged subjects (range 36–55 years, mean age ± standard error [SE] 44.08 ± 1.76) and 15 healthy old‐aged subjects (range 67–79 years, mean age ± SE 68.52 ± 1.27). Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the observed values of CD20 (total B cells higher in young‐middle‐aged subjects, P = 0.02), CD25 (activated T cells with expression of the α‐chain of interleukin‐2 receptor, higher in elderly subjects, P = 0.04) and DR⁺ T cells (activated T cells higher in elderly subjects, P = 0.01). There were different correlations among lymphocyte subpopulations and hormone serum levels in young and middle‐aged subjects in compared to old‐aged subjects. In the group of young‐middle‐aged subjects, a clear circadian rhythm was validated for the time‐qualified changes of all the factors studied. In the group of elderly subjects, a clear circadian rhythm was validated for the nyctohemeral changes of CD3 (with a phase delay of 3 h), CD8, CD4/CD8 ratio, CD16, CD25 (in opposite phase), cortisol (with a phase delay of 1 h) and melatonin. Conclusion: The results of the current study show that aging is associated with enhanced responsiveness of the T‐cell compartment, impairment of B‐cell compartment and alterations in temporal architecture and correlations of neuroendocrine–immune parameters. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 98–106.     

Hematological changes in case of chronic cadmium intoxication and monensin detoxication. Relationship with rheological variables

The study evaluated the affect of chronic cadmium (Cd) and monensin treatment on some hematological parameters and its relationship with the rheological variables. Adult male mice were subjected to chronic treatment with cadmium acetate [Cd(CH3COO)2 × 2H2O] (group 1), Cd(CH3COO)2 × 2H2O followed by treatment with low dose monensin (group 2) and Cd(CH3COO)2 × 2H2O followed by high dose monensin treatment (group 3). Cd(CH3COO)2 × 2H2O and deprotonated monensin were dissolved in distilled water and given daily to the experimental animals. Mice drinking distilled water served as a control group (group 4). Hematological parameters and erythrocyte morphology were evaluated in parallel with whole blood viscosity (WBV). Cd treatment reduced Hb and increased RDW. The addition of high dose monensin significantly improved erythrocytic indices compared to the control. Erythrocyte anisocytosis was observed in blood smears of Cd-treated mice corresponding to the increased RDW. WBV was significantly elevated in the experimental groups in the whole range of shear rates compared to the control group and in groups 2 and 3 was lower than in group 1 but remained higher compared to group 4. Correlations were found between WBV and RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV and RDW. The results suggest that hemorheological parameters such as WBV should be monitored in parallel with the hematological parameters when monensin is applied and heavy metal intoxication is suspected.     

Age-dependent increase of memory B cell response to cytomegalovirus in healthy adults

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may play an important role in immune system aging, due to its ability to modulate the host immune system. A significant age-related increase has been demonstrated for HCMV-specific serum antibody levels but so far, no information exists whether and to which extent the magnitude of the HCMV-specific memory B cell response develops with increasing age. We examined the size of the HCMV-specific memory B cell response and assessed whether there are quantitative differences in HCMV-specific memory B cell numbers and serum antibody titers against HCMV in young and older persons. The quantities of HCMV-specific memory B cells were determined in 20 young (20-31 years) and 21 older (60-80 years) healthy volunteers by limiting dilution analysis. HCMV-specific antibody levels were analyzed by ELISA. Our study demonstrates that higher HCMV-specific plasma antibody levels correlated well with the numbers of circulating HCMV-specific memory B cells and were not due to a generally higher antibody production in these individuals. The magnitude of HCMV-specific memory B cell responses was significantly higher in the group of older as compared to young subjects, but showed a high degree of individual variation in elderly persons. Together, the results of the present study indicate that the circulating memory B cell pool against HCMV increases during aging in humans. The expansion of HCMV-specific memory B cells and antibody titers possibly contribute to the sustained control of HCMV infection during old age.     

Red blood cell distribution width predicts residual renal function decline in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

To investigate the relationship between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and residual renal function (RRF) in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Seventy-seven CAPD patients were enrolled in this study. According to receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, patients were divided into high RDW (RDW > 14.95%) and low RDW (RDW ≤ 14.95%) groups. The data of baseline clinical, biochemical parameters, comorbidities, medication status, peritoneal function, and dialysis adequacy were compared. Survival curves were calculated using Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression model was employed to analyze risk factors of decline in RRF. The overall median survival time was 24 months, the median survival time of high RDW group (46 patients) and low RDW group (31 patients) were 24 and 12 months, respectively. Compared with the low RDW group, patients in the high RDW group were older, higher rate of decline RRF and white blood cells count as well as lower total Kt/V (all p < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the low RDW group had higher survival of RRF compared with the high RDW group (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high RDW was independent risk factor for decline of RRF(hazard ratio = 1.441, 95% confidence interval: 1.089–1.905, p = 0.01). Increased baseline RDW is associated with decline of RRF in CAPD patients and RDW can be stratified as a valuable indicator for the risk of RRF decline.     

Effect of age on the gastrointestinal-associated mucosal immune response of humans

Age-related changes in gastrointestinal-associated mucosal immune response have not been well studied. Thus, we investigated the effect of age on this response and compared these responses to those of peripheral immune cells. Saliva, blood, and intestinal biopsies were collected from young and old healthy subjects to determine immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs). Although subject age did not influence the level of total IgA found in saliva, IgA levels in serum increased (p <.05) with age. Older subjects' peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and IL-2 production were significantly lower than those of young subjects. LPLs from older subjects produced significantly less IL-2 in response to all stimuli than did that from the young. IEL's ability to proliferate and produce IL-2 was not affected by subject age. Thus, LPL but not IEL demonstrated an age-related decline in immune function similar to that seen in peripheral lymphocytes.     

Effect of donor age on cultivation of human oral mucosal keratinocytes

Cultured mucosal grafts (CMG) are among recently developed biological grafting materials to cover large oral mucosal defects following resection of mucosal pathology. This study evaluates the effect of donor's age on the cultivation process of oral mucosal keratinocytes for grafting. Human mucosal epithelial cells were utilized and classified into three donor age groups: 3-30 years (14 patients); 31-60 years (9 patients); and >60 years (6 patients) (11 males and 18 females). Isolation and cultivation of oral mucosal keratinocytes were according to Rheinwald and Green [Cell 6 (1975) 331], originally developed for epidermal keratinocytes. Isolated primary cell lines were seeded and cultivated. Propagation of cell lines ("passages"), time period required to reach confluence, yield of cells and plating efficiency were recorded. All cells propagated well up to the fourth passage. Thereafter, a decline was observed and was more distinct with age. Period to confluence was longer among the old age group. Yield of cells in fourth passage was high among the young age group and decreased with age. Plating efficiency in passages 4-6 decreased with age. These results suggest that age-related changes in cultivation of oral keratinocytes are not general phenomena, but rather limited to the donor age of 60 years and above. In this age group all the parameters studied were adversely affected. Oral mucosal keratinocytes may be a useful model for oral aging.     

Functional assessment of cellular non-specific and specific immunity in selected healthy elderly

Thirteen healthy elderly were selected according to a simplified SENIEUR admission protocol including clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters. The goal of this protocol was to limit the influence of diseases and/or medications on the assessment of immune functions in the elderly. Plasma zinc levels of healthy elderly were comparable to those of young subjects. Cellular nonspecific immunity was determined by measuring chemiluminescence (CL) of peripheral blood granulocytes activated by opsonized zymosan particles. CL of granulocytes from healthy elderly was delayed in comparison to that of young controls when autologous serum was used. Lymphocyte proliferation induced by phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) or zinc chloride (ZnCl(2)) in a serum free medium was lower in the elderly than in young controls. Preincubation of lymphocytes with ZnCl(2) before PHA-P stimulation did not restore the impaired proliferative activity of cells from old donors.