川芎嗪后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察川芎嗪后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：采用结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支方法制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,记录各组心律失常发生情况,测定肌酸激酶（CK）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）含量,HE染色光镜下观察心肌组织形态学改变并秤重检测心肌梗死面积。结果：川芎嗪组的心律失常发生率明显降低,心肌细胞肿胀明显减轻,血中SoD、NO、NOS含量增加,MDA,CK的生成减少。（P〈0．05）。结论：川芎嗪后处理能降低心律失常发生、减少坏死面积,其作用可能与提高sOD、NO、NOs含量,减少MDA生成有关。     

川芎嗪后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察川芎嗪后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：采用结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支方法制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,记录各组心律失常发生情况,测定肌酸激酶（CK）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）含量,HE染色光镜下观察心肌组织形态学改变并秤重检测心肌梗死面积。结果：川芎嗪组的心律失常发生率明显降低,心肌细胞肿胀明显减轻,血中SoD、NO、NOS含量增加,MDA,CK的生成减少。（P〈0．05）。结论：川芎嗪后处理能降低心律失常发生、减少坏死面积,其作用可能与提高sOD、NO、NOs含量,减少MDA生成有关。     

白藜芦醇对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

将32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为四组：缺血再灌注损伤组（A组）、白藜芦醇干预组（B组）、白藜芦醇＋Nω-硝基L-精氨酸甲脂干预组（C组）、白藜芦醇＋氨基胍干预组（D组）.观察分析得知,B组心肌酶释放量、心肌丙二醛含量、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）同工酶活性、NO含量与其他组比较均有显著性差异（P＜0.01）,A、C、D组间比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.心肌细胞超微结构显示B组心肌细胞损伤最轻.推测白藜芦醇对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用与提高心肌诱导型NOS（iNOS）活性、促进NO产生有关.     

非创伤性双下肢缺血后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 观察双下肢缺血后处理(N-W IPTC)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及探讨其可能的作用机制.方法 采用结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支方法制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,记录各组心律失常发生情况,测定肌酸激酶(CK)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量,HE染色光镜下观察心肌组织形态学改变并称重检测心肌梗死面积.结果 N-W IPTC组的心律失常发生率明显降低,心肌细胞肿胀明显减轻,血中SOD、NO、NOS含量增加,MDA,CK的生成减少(P＜0.05).结论 N-W IPTC能降低心律失常发生、减少坏死面积,其作用可能与提高SOD、NO、NOS含量,减少MDA生成有关.     

蝙蝠葛碱对兔心肌缺血再灌注时血清MDA浓度和SOD活性的影响

目的探讨蝙蝠葛碱（Dau）对兔心肌缺血再灌注（IR）时血清丙二醛（MDA）浓度和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。方法24只家兔随机分为假手术对照组、缺血再灌注组、缺血再灌注＋蝙蝠葛碱（Dau）干预组各8例。结扎兔左冠状动脉前降支40min造成心肌缺血再灌注模型，观察缺血前后及再灌注不同时相点血清MDA含量和SOD活性的变化。结果家兔心肌缺血40min时血清MDA含量开始明显升高（P〈0．05），SOD活性开始明显下降（P〈0．05）。Dau（剂量3．5mg／kg）能明显降低心肌缺血40min及缺血再灌注后兔血清MDA含量，升高血清SOD活性。结论Dau通过减轻兔心肌脂质过氧化作用所造成的损伤，增强SOD活性，提高氧自由基清除能力，对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有一定保护作用。     

复方丹参滴丸干预大鼠心肌再灌注损伤的机制研究

目的 从整体和细胞水平探讨复方丹参滴丸干预大鼠心肌再灌注损伤的作用机制。方法 以结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支（LAD）后松结造成急性心肌再灌注损伤（MRI）模型，在体外以培养心肌细胞缺氧乏糖后复氧复糖为模拟条件，观察复方丹参滴丸对MRI模型大鼠的心电图（EKG）、心肌酶[乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）]漏出量、心肌细胞内游离钙浓度、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）含量、内皮素-1（ET-1）和一氧化氮（NO）含量的影响。结果 复方丹参滴丸在整体和细胞水平均能改善MRI时大鼠EKG（P〈0．01）、减少心肌酶漏出量（P〈0.01）；降低复氧复糖心肌细胞内游离钙荧光强度、提高SOD活性（P〈0.01）减少MDA生成减少ET-1含量（P〈0.01），并适当增加NO含量（P〈0.01）。结论 复方丹参滴丸可能是通过作用于钙超载、氧自由基生成和内皮细胞损伤等环节有效干预MRI。     

温阳通脉方预处理对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠MDA及SOD的影响

目的 观察温阳通脉方预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤（IR）模型丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量的影响，探讨温阳通脉方对大鼠再灌注心肌的保护机制。方法 采用结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支，缺血30min，再灌注120min的方法建立心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型；缺血5min，再灌注5min，反复3次后缺血30min，再灌注120min建立心肌缺血预适应（IP）模型。检测大鼠灌胃14d后温阳通脉方组、心肌缺血预适应组（IP组）、再灌注损伤纽（IR组）、假性处理组血清MDA、SOD含量。结果 温阳通脉方组、IP组MDA含量低于IR组，SOD高于IR组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 温阳通脉方预处理后，能降低大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型MDA含量，升高SOD含量，减轻大鼠急性心肌缺血所致心肌损伤，其机制可能是通过模拟心肌缺血预适应参与心肌保护作用。     

老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注一氧化氮和肿瘤坏死因子的变化及其意义

目的：根据一氧化氮（NO）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）的变化研究老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制,为揭示脑梗塞的病理生理提供依据。方法：青年（5月龄）和老龄（20月龄以上）大鼠均分为模型组和正常对照组,[观察大鼠全脑缺血30min再灌注60min后血NO和脑组织中NO,一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）,TNF的水平。结果：老龄模型组血清中NO水平低于老龄对照组＊P＜0．05）,脑组织中NO水平青年对照组高于青年模型组（P＜0．05）,低于老龄对照组（P＜0．05）,老龄模型组高于青年模型组（P＜0．01）,青年模型组脑组织中NOS水平高于青年对照组和 老龄模型组（P＜0．05）,青年模型组脑中TNF水平高于青年对照组（P＜0．05）,老龄模型组高于青年模型组＊P＜0．05）和老龄对照组（P＜0．01）,结论：青年大鼠和老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注脑组织损伤与NO含量降低和TNF增高有关,由于老龄大鼠的增龄变化,使脑缺血再灌注后这些病理改变较青年大鼠更为严重。     

牛磺酸对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察牛磺酸对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后细胞凋亡的影响。方法实验大鼠40只,随机分为5组：假手术组（8只）,再灌注模型组（8只）,牛磺酸低、中、高剂量（30mg／kg、100mg／kg、300mg／kg）组（各8只）。再灌注后观察各组血清SOD、LDH、MDA含量,TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡。结果①牛磺酸对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后血清SOD、LDH、MDA含量的影响：与假手术组比较,其余各组大鼠血清SOD活性明显降低,LDH、MDA含量明显增高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;与模型组比较,牛磺酸中、高剂量组大鼠血清SOD活性明显升高（P〈0．01）,LDH、MDA含量明显降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。②牛磺酸对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注（I／R）损伤后细胞凋亡的影响：I／R后心肌细胞凋亡指数（AI）为（45．6±4．6）,明显高于假手术组的（8．50±1．13）（P〈0．01）,牛磺酸低、中、高组分别为（37．03±3．52）、（30．32±8．23）和（25．62±6．12）,均明显低于I／R（P〈0．01）。结论牛磺酸可降低再灌注损伤大鼠氧自由基值,抑制心肌细胞凋亡。     

脂联素对大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤时心律失常的影响

目的：观察脂联素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤时心律失常的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法：32只8周龄雄性大鼠被随机分为假手术组、缺血一再灌注（IR）组、地尔硫卓组和脂联素（APN）组,每组8只。①假手术组：只穿线,旷置90min;②IR组：先阻断血流30min,再灌注60min;③地尔硫卓组和APN组：先阻断血流30min,于再灌注开始时,从鼠尾静脉分别注射地尔硫卓（3．5μg／g·min）、APN（60ng／g·min）．再灌注60min。以Medlab生物信号采集处理系统连续监测各组心电图的变化。各模型组于再灌注60min后处死大鼠。测定血清、心肌组织一氧化氮（NO）的含量。结果：（1）与假手术组比较,IR组再灌注60min时段里．8只大鼠均出现再灌注心律失常．再灌注过程中ST段抬高的幅度显著增高（P〈0．001）,心肌组织、血清中NO含量均明显降低（P〈0．001）;（2）与IR组比较．APN组再灌注60min时段里,没有出现再灌注心律失常,再灌注过程中ST段抬高幅度显著下降（P〈0．001）,心肌组织、血清中NO含量均明显升高（P〈0．001）,且优于地尔硫卓组（P〈0．001）。结论：脂联素对缺血一再灌注损伤造成的心律失常有一定的保护作用．其机制可能与脂联素增加心肌组织、血清中NO含量有关。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

荣宝和氯硝柳胺灭螺效果比较及成本分析

目的 评价新型灭螺药物荣宝杀灭钉螺的效果,探讨其推广应用价值.方法 按目前推荐的荣宝灭螺剂量,喷洒法为30 g/m2,浸杀法为50 g/m3;氯硝柳胺喷洒法和浸杀法分别采用2 g/m2和2 g/m3杀螺剂量,分别在室内和现场进行灭螺试验,观察两种药物的灭螺效果并初步分析评估其成本.结果 在现场气温22～30℃条件下,荣宝50 g/m3浸杀3、5、7 d后,螺袋内钉螺校正死亡率均达到100.0%,与氯硝柳胺2 g/m3灭螺效果相似;荣宝30 g/m2剂量喷洒3、5、7、15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为54.5%、58.0%、69.0%、79.1%,氯硝柳胺喷洒组钉螺校正死亡率分别为61.0%、69.4%、76.7%、77.9%.在室温18℃条件下,荣宝以30 g/m2喷洒3、5、7、15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为72.9%、87.2%、91.5%、76.1%;而相应2 g/m2氯硝柳胺喷洒后的钉螺校正死亡率分别为81.3%、95.7%、97.9%、80.4%.同样完成1000 m2的喷洒灭螺任务,荣宝所需灭螺药物和人力资费成本比氯硝柳胺多支出0.114元/m2;完成72 m3的浸杀灭螺任务,荣宝所需灭螺药物和人力资费成本比氯硝柳胺多支出0.127元/m3.50 g/m3荣宝浸杀灭螺剂量,对成鱼(＞250 g)的活力不会造成影响,但对鱼类幼苗仍具较强毒性.结论 荣宝与氯硝柳胺灭螺效果相似,由于其成本较高,氯硝柳胺仍然是目前首选灭螺药物,但荣宝的鱼类毒性低,可作为氯硝柳胺之外有益的补充灭螺药物.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).