心肌梗死后Q波导联ST段持续抬高的临床意义

目的 :探讨心肌梗死 ( MI)后 Q波导联 ST段持续抬高的临床意义。方法 :选取 MI后 Q波导联 ST段持续抬高 (静息心电图 )的患者 3 0例 ( ST段抬高组 ) ,以无 ST段持续抬高的 MI患者 2 6例为对照组 ,两组均行冠状动脉 (冠脉 )造影及左心室造影 ,观察两组病例的左室收缩末期容积 ( ESV)、左室舒张末期容积 ( EDV)、射血分数 ( EF)、局部室壁运动情况及冠脉阻塞部位、程度。结果 :ST段抬高组较对照组 EF减低 ( P <0 .0 1)、ESV增大 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ,冠脉完全闭塞、局部室壁无收缩或矛盾运动比例 ST段抬高组明显高于对照组 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ,而两组 EDV、室壁瘤发生比例差异无显著性意义 ( P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :MI后 Q波导联 ST段持续抬高与冠脉完全的闭塞、大面积的梗死、EF的显著降低、ESV的明显扩大直接相关 ;与室壁瘤、EDV无显著相关 ,是一种简便、无创的临床检测手段 ,对 MI后患者的治疗和预后提供积极的帮助。     

急性前壁心肌梗死支架植入后早期ST-T改变的临床意义

目的 探讨急性前壁心肌梗死患者经冠状动脉内支架植入后早期ST-T改变与左心室重构的关系。方法 将急性前壁心肌梗死患者植入冠状动脉内支架后的28例分成A组16例（支架术后1hST段抬高最明显导联抬高的ST段压低70%,或总ST段压低≥50%,或24h内出现T波倒置）和B组12例（无A组心电图表现）。分别于术后1周与6月行超声心动描记术检查。结果 两组术后1周左心室收缩末期容积指数（LVESVI）、左心室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI）、室壁活动异常积分（VWMA）及左心室射血分数（LVEF）差异均无显著性意义（P均〉0.05）,术后6月A组的LVESVI、LVEDVI、VWMA均明显低于B组（P均〈0.05）,LVEF高于B组（P〈0.05）。而术后6月与术后1周比较,除A组的LVEF差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）外,其余差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论 急性前壁心肌梗死患者植入冠状动脉内支架后,心电图相关导联早期出现ST段明显回落或T波倒置者,其远期左心室重构的程度较低。     

急性前壁心肌梗死后梗死相关血管延迟开通对晚期左室重构的影响

目的探讨急性前壁心肌梗死后,延迟经皮冠状动脉血运重建术(PCI)使梗死相关血管(IRA)开通,对心梗晚期左室重构的影响.方法选择64例急性前壁、前间壁及广泛前壁Q波性心梗后病情稳定,发病10～21天冠脉造影证实左前降支完全闭塞者,依据是否接受成功PCI,分为成功PCI组和对照组,分别于急性期、术后2个月和6个月应用超声心动图随访左室腔大小、左室功能和室壁活动异常,并观察6个月期间心力衰竭事件的发生情况.结果心梗后2个月两组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)和室壁活动异常(VWMA)积分与急性期相比无明显差异(P＞0.05),急性期和2个月时两组上述各指标之间相比差异也无显著性(均P＞0.05).6个月时两组LVEF和VWMA积分与急性期和2个月相比无明显差异(P＞0.05),但对照组LVEDVI和LVESVI较急性期明显增大(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),且与成功PCI组相比差异具有显著性(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).6个月随访期间心力衰竭事件发生率对照组为19%,成功PCI组2%,但差异缺乏统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论急性前壁心梗后IRA延迟开通能明显减少心梗后晚期的左室重构,而对心梗后早期左室重构的影响不大.延迟PCI可能有利于减少心梗后远期心力衰竭事件的发生.     

梗死相关血管晚期开通对急性心肌梗死后左室功能的影响

目的探讨急性前壁心肌梗死后延迟经皮冠状动脉血运重建术(PCI)使梗死相关血管(IRA)开通对心梗晚期左室功能的影响。方法选择64例急性前壁、前间壁及广泛前壁Q波性心梗后病情稳定,发病10～21d冠脉造影证实左前降支完全闭塞者,依据是否接受成功PCI,分为成功PCI组和对照组,分别于急性期、术后2个月和6个月应用超声心动图随访左室腔大小、左室功能和室壁活动异常,并观察6个月期间心力衰竭事件的发生情况。结果心梗后2个月两组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)和室壁活动异常(VWMA)积分与急性期相比无明显差异(P>0.05),急性期和2个月时两组上述各指标之间相比差异也无显著性(均P>0.05)。6个月时两组LVEF和VWMA积分与急性期和2个月相比无明显差异(P>0.05),但对照组LVEDVI和LVESVI较急性期明显增大(P<0.01,P<0.05),且与成功PCI组相比差异具有显著性(P<0.01,P<0.05)。6个月随访期间心力衰竭事件发生率对照组为19%,成功PCI组2%,但差异缺乏统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论急性前壁心梗后IRA延迟开通能明显减少心梗后晚期的左室重构,而对心梗后早期左室重构的影响不大。延迟PCI可能有利于减少心梗后远期心力衰竭事件的发生。     

急性心肌梗死后ST段持续抬高的临床观察

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)后ST段持续抬高的临床意义。方法取AMI后ST段持续抬高的静息心电图40例(A组),以无ST段持续抬高的AMI患者48例为B组。两组均进行冠状动脉造影及左心室造影,并观察2组病例的左室收缩末期容积(ESV)、左室舒张末期容积(EDV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、局部室壁运动情况及冠状动脉阻塞部位、程度。结果A组较B组LVEF减低(P<0.05)、ESV增大(P<0.01),冠状动脉完全闭塞、局部室壁无收缩或矛盾运动比例A组明显高于B组(P<0.01),而2组EDV、室壁瘤发生比例差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死后ST段持续抬高与冠状动脉完全的闭塞、LVEF的显著降低、ESV的明显扩大直接相关;与室壁瘤、EDV无显著相关,是一种简而易行、无创伤的临床检测手段,对急性心肌梗死后患者的治疗和预后提供积极的帮助。     

不同ST段恢复时间与左室收缩功能的关系

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死抬高的ST段恢复时间对预测溶栓治疗后左室收缩功能的临床意义。方法　将 92例AMI患者根据溶栓后心电图抬高的ST段达到稳定下移 5 0 %的时间 ,分成A组 (时间在 3 0分钟内 ) ,B组 (时间在 60分钟内 )和C组 (时间在 90分钟内 )。比较不同组间 3 0天的左室收缩功能。结果　溶栓后心电图抬高的ST段达到稳定下移 5 0 %的时间不同 ,各组 3 0天左室收缩功能存在差异 ,其LVEF( % )分别为A组 65 4± 1 1 2、B组 5 7 6± 1 0 3、C组 49 9± 1 0 1 ,ST段恢复时间越短 ,左室收缩功能恢复越好 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并随梗死部位不同而有所变化 ,前壁MIST段恢复时间与左室收缩功能恢复关系更密切 (P <0 0 1 ) ,下壁MI随ST段恢复时间延长 ,左室收缩功能有下降趋势 ,但无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　用心电图监测溶栓后ST段的变化 ,是预测左室收缩功能的良好指标 ,尤其对前壁MI有更好的预测性。     

急性心肌梗死急诊冠状动脉介入治疗后ST段下降幅度与预后的关系及影响因素

目的研究ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后ST段抬高的相关因素及临床事件的发生情况。方法将102例STEMI急诊PCI病人分为抬高的ST段下降幅度小于50%组(A组)与大于50%组(B组),分析STEMI急诊PCI后2h内ST段抬高的最高导联的ST段下降幅度的相关因素及其与临床事件发生的关系。结果A组与B组比较,A组年龄较大、前壁心肌梗死较多、心功能Killip分级≥Ⅱ级较多、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值较高、PCI术后院内发生严重心力衰竭、恶性心律失常、梗死后心绞痛、心源性死亡较多(P<0.05)。结论对心电图抬高的ST段下降幅度的分析是一项相对简单、可行性较好的心肌组织水平的再灌注评估指标,入院Killip分级≥Ⅱ级、前壁心肌梗死是心电图抬高的ST段下降幅度小于50%的独立预测因素。     

急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死直接经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术后早期ST段变化的意义

目的探讨急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术(PCI)术后梗死相关动脉(IRA)完全开通、前向血流恢复后,早期ST段变化的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2001-01~12北京朝阳医院心脏中心收治的216例直接PCI后、IRA完全开通、前向血流恢复正常病人的临床、冠脉造影和心电图资料。直接PCI术后,ST段抬高指数≥50%的病人41例,为病例组。从其余175例ST段抬高指数<50%的病人中随机抽取50例,为对照组。结果两组病人的ST段抬高指数、Q波计数、室壁运动积分和平均肌酸激酶值差异有显著性意义(P<0·05);术后2周,ST段早期恢复较ST段持续抬高病人的室壁运动改善,左室射血分数(LVEF)、心排指数(CI)、每搏指数(SVI)增加(P<0·05)。ST段早期恢复合并心功能不全的病人,术后2周室壁运动增强,LVEF、CI、SVI增加(P<0·05),左室舒张末容积、左室收缩末容积减少(P<0·01)。结论STEMI直接PCI后IRA完全开通、前向血流恢复正常而ST段持续抬高病人的梗死范围扩大,左室舒缩功能不全严重,可能与心肌组织没有有效地恢复血流灌注或无复流有关。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性ST段抬高型前壁心肌梗死左室功能的分析

目的:观察急性ST段抬高型前壁心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前向心肌梗死溶栓试验血流3级(TIMI 3级)患者左室功能的状况.方法:分析112例STEMI直接PCI患者的临床和影像资料,112例中心功能不全的患者52例(心功能不全组),心功能正常的患者60例(心功能正常组),资料数据采用logistic回归分析.结果:与心功能正常组相比,心功能不全组PCI后第1天和第2周,室壁运动减弱,左室射血分数(LVEF)和心排血指数(CI)降低,左室舒张末期直径(LVED)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和左室收缩末期容积 (LVESV)增加(P<0.01);与PCI术后第1天相比,术后第2周LVEF和CI增加,室壁运动改善(P<0.01).与心功能KillipⅡ级的患者相比,心功能Killip Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的患者LVEF和CI降低,室壁运动减弱,LVED,LVEDV和LVESV增加(P<0.05).相关分析显示,梗死前心绞痛、心肌灌注显影血流分级和室壁运动积分是前壁STEMI直接PCI前向血流TIMI 3级心功能不全的相关因素(P=0.04).结论:前壁STEMI直接PCI前向血流TIMI 3级,微循环功能障碍的患者收缩和舒张功能降低,左室扩张,其LVEF的提高可能是通过左室扩张来代偿的.     

3D-STI在ST段抬高型AMI患者PCI术后左心室收缩功能的定量评估价值

目的探讨三维斑点追踪技术(3-dimensional speckle tracking technique,3D-STI)在ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(Acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后左心室收缩功能变化中的定量评估价值。方法选取符合纳入标准的ST段抬高型AMI并行PCI术的患者50例作为观察组;同期选择我院健康体检者50例作为对照组。两组12个月后行超声心动图及3D-STI,记录左心房大小、左心室舒张末期内径、整体纵向应变等情况。结果 (1)常规超声心动图:观察组左心房大小、左心室收缩末期容积、左心室舒张末期容积、左心室舒张末期内径测值较高,而左心室射血分数较低(P0.01)。(2)3D-STI:观察组整体纵向应变、整体圆周应变、整体径向应变、左心室射血分数均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 3D-STI能较好的定量评估ST段抬高型AMI行PCI术患者的左心室收缩功能。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.